One of the Ten Commandments of Shaolin in the Ming Dynasty is particularly harsh-"If men and women commit crimes, they will be condemned by heaven, and Buddhism will not tolerate it. All my Zen disciples should take a warning and not neglect it. " It can be seen that the prosperity of male style in Ming Dynasty had to be written into Buddhist precepts. To what extent did the masculinity of the Ming Dynasty prevail? According to Xu Chong's "Warm Writing", "In the early Ming Dynasty, my ministers spoiled me the most, and when I was old, I chose young and handsome ministers to do it. Officials, Confucian scholars, even vagrants and children in the city are good people. " In other words, at this time, male homosexuality has formed a social atmosphere, and the sexual concept and orientation of the whole society have changed. Scholars, as leaders of social customs and trends, are sometimes more appealing than imperial edicts. At that time, a large number of literary works reflected the life of masculinity in detail, and masculinity was no longer the so-called tolerance, but returned to the pre-Wei and Jin dynasties and became a normal state accepted by the public. One of the important factors is that the ideology of the Ming Dynasty was completely based on Confucian ethics with Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism as the main body, and the government even launched an abstinence movement. After Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, official prostitutes were laid off and the ban was very strict. No matter officials or scholars, those who stay for prostitution or engage in minor misdeeds will be demoted, and those who are severely punished will never be hired. When the abstinence movement reached its peak, scholars had to find new ways to vent. Good masculinity would not lead to childbirth and disturb the clan family order, so masculinity flourished again. In the notes of the Ming Dynasty, it is often seen that in addition to wives and concubines, there are young and handsome extremely at home. They call their sexual life with wives "infighting" and their sexual relationship with the same sex "diplomacy". "Five Miscellaneous Notes" concludes: "Dressed in the network of literature, the prohibition of Longyang is wider than narrow evil, scholars are trapped in congestion, the cost of sleeve-breaking is killed by head-binding, and the roar of Hedong is reduced to our promise, so it is difficult to rely on jade. This is why Toy Boy is thriving. " But this summary ignores a very important point, that is, the enthusiasm of Ming people for indoor surgery. The core of ancient sexology theory is the theory of "collecting yin and nourishing yang", which holds that if the man controls ejaculation during heterosexual intercourse, he can replenish the brain, and the yin collected from women will be beneficial to the body; But if you can't control it, you will consume your spirit. Men, on the other hand, can indulge in homosexual intercourse, because the lost yang will be compensated from the yang in the other person's body. The prevalence of male chauvinism will inevitably promote the development of male prostitute industry. According to people's records, when Zheng Deshi arrived, there was a andrology hospital in Beijing with a plaque of "Changchun Hospital". The prostitute's residence is called "The Palace that Never Sleeps"-based on Su Dongpo's poem: "The wind and flowers compete in Changchun Courtyard, and the lights and candles shine on the city that never sleeps." Beautiful prostitutes and prostitutes compete with each other to show off their customers. Prostitutes' names are all prefixed with the word "Shao", while Ming Xizong tries to wander among them. Let's take a look at the summary of the male style at that time in Shi Nod, written by the novelist of Ming Dynasty: isn't it another thing to have sex with men as women who are funny and prefer the taste of backyard flowers? That's it. That's one thing. It never happened. Scholar's general title is "Hanlin Yue Feng", but if the local dialect is different: northerners call it "fried Ru Ru"; Southerners call it "playing bitter fleabane"; Huizhou people call it "collapsed tofu"; Jiangxi people call it "casting brazier"; Ningbo people are called "goodness"; Longyou people call it "becoming like an onion"; Cixi people are called "playing frogs"; Suzhou people are called "Mr. Tired"; The Ming legalists called it "an erotic drama in which the penis is inserted into other people's feces." Although the words are different, the situation is one to one. If there are several places in Fujian where people's children are handsome, they will be hired on the 12th and 13th. Nine times out of ten, the lawsuit in Zhangzhou is sodomy. Isn't it a big joke? It can be said that I like the smell of backyard flowers in both north and south, but the atmosphere in Fujian is cooler. This is because the maritime trade in the Ming Dynasty was dominated by Fujian, and it often sailed to the Philippines, Japan and other places, with long distances and many taboos, especially for women on board. In My Broom Zhai Yutan, Shen Defu in Ming Dynasty wrote: Some people who like male colors often pay a lot of money to buy beautiful teenagers and pretend to be their fathers, calling male colors "Qier", which is the most against ethics. It is said that when Fujian pirates make an insurrection, it is said that only women on the pirate ship will bring misfortune and often sink the ship. So let's use Toy Boy. Over time, the coolness of Fujian people and the ethos that men are superior to women, whether noble or not, are related to their own kind. The older one is called "Brother Qi" and the younger one is called "Brother Qi". Brother Qi came to his house, and they regarded him as a son-in-law. After the relationship is determined, the future livelihood of "Qi Ge" and various expenses such as marrying a wife will become the responsibility of "Qi Ge". Their "love" is sincere, and they often live together as husband and wife in their thirties. They even have a special term to blame someone who feels the same way, but this word was invented by Fujian people and can't be found in the dictionary. For various reasons, they will meet and throw water when "love" is not satisfactory. This kind of love tragedy can be said to happen every year. It can be seen from Shen Defu's records that Fujian's masculinity has completely shrunk, and it has been recognized by morality, law and customs, and even established a stable family accepted by the family. This ethos soon spread to the south of the Yangtze River and gradually spread throughout the Central Plains. Even prisoners must stand guard. If a person sits in prison for too long, as long as family conditions permit, someone will intervene and ask his family to find him a man outside, buy off the jailer and send him to his cell to eat and live. Regarding such an atmosphere, Xie said in his "Five Miscellanies": "Today, people who say that men are masculine use Fujian and Guangdong as an excuse, but from Yanyun, there is no one who does not know this good man. Today, the capital has a "little singing" for the gentry to feast on, but the official prostitutes are forbidden and have to use it. Originally from Ningbo, Zhejiang, it has recently become a part of Linqing. So there is a difference between singing in the north and singing in the south, but few people are good with the group. Occasionally, there are romantic gentry, so we must try our best to invite them and make the whole country crazy. This is also a joke. There are doors waiting outside the official, so it is also replaced. When officials are confused, they tend to be simple and beautiful, and the north and south are enemies of the southeast. "