"Holism" emphasizes that the human body and nature are a whole, and the structure of the human body and its parts are interrelated.
② "Yin-Yang and Five Elements" is a theory to explain the unity of opposites between things.
③ "Zangxiang Jing" mainly studies the physiological functions, pathological changes and their relationships of the five zang-organs, the twelve meridians and Qijing.
④ "Etiology and pathogenesis" expounds whether various pathogenic factors act on human body and the internal mechanism of disease changes.
⑤ "Diagnosis and treatment" is the basic principle for TCM to recognize and treat diseases.
⑥ Prevention and Health Preservation systematically expounds the theory of health preservation of traditional Chinese medicine, which is an important summary of the experience of health preservation and disease prevention.
⑦ "Luck Theory" studies the influence of natural climate on human physiology and pathology, and on this basis guides people to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages.
Physicians in past dynasties classified Huangdi Neijing. Among them, Yang Shangshan is the most complicated one, which is divided into 18; The simplest one is Shen Youpeng, which is divided into four volumes. There are four theories: viscera (including meridians), pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment. These four theories are the main contents of the theoretical system of Huangdi Neijing. Zangxiang theory is a theory to study the physiological function, interrelation, external manifestation and even the relationship with the external environment of the meridian system of human organs.
The theory of Zangxiang is based on the twelve meridians, five zang-organs. Of course, the content of anatomy is far more than that, but it is more important to enrich this theory step by step through a lot of medical practice and repeated argumentation, and finally reach the height of guiding clinic.
Huangdi Neijing fully realized the dialectical principle that "the inside must be shaped outside" and made the theory of Tibetan images systematic and perfect. Zangxiang theory mainly includes three parts: viscera, meridians and essence. Zang-fu organs are composed of five internal organs and six internal organs.
Five internal organs, namely liver, heart, spleen, lung and kidney.
Six fu organs, namely gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder and triple energizer.
Strange and constant fu-organs also belong to fu-organs, but they are different from normal fu-organs. Refers to the brain, marrow, bone, pulse, gallbladder and daughter cells. The gallbladder here is one of the big fu-organs, belonging to the odd and constant fu-organs.
Although the zang-fu organs are divided according to different shapes and functions, they are not isolated, but cooperate with each other and use each other.
The meridian system can be divided into meridians, collaterals and acupoints. The twelve meridians: Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian, Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian, Hand Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian, Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian, Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian, Hand Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian, Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian and Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian. The twelve meridians is connected from beginning to end, and it is endless, and menstrual qi is popular among them. Different from the classics, there are eight strange meridians: Du Meridian, Ren Meridian, Chong Meridian, Dai Meridian, Yinqiao Meridian, Yangqiao Meridian, Meridian and impotence Meridian. (Note: The name of Eight Veins in the Strange Classics began with Twenty-seven Difficult Classics)
The communication between meridians is called collaterals. The youngest is countless Sun Luo; The largest is fifteen, which is called fifteen collaterals. Lingshu meridian is very detailed.
Acupoints are places where meridians and qi and blood go in and out, just like transportation, hence the name. Those who talk about acupoints in Huangdi Neijing first saw Su Wen's Qi-assisted Theory, and then saw Su Wen's Qi-assisted Theory. Both theories say 365 points. In fact, the theory of cavitation contains 342 points, and the theory of qi symbol contains 386 points.
Spirit is the three treasures of human body. Essence, including essence, blood, body fluid and body fluid; Qi refers to clan spirit, honor and obedience; God refers to god, soul, spirit, ambition and ambition. Essence and qi are the basic substances that constitute the human body, and qi and spirit are the complex functions of the human body. It can also be considered that qi is the royal of essence, essence is the home of God, and God is the use of essence. The theory that studies the internal mechanism of disease occurrence, development, outcome and change is called disease mechanism theory.
In Su Wen Zhi Zhen Da Lun, it is said that "we must examine the pathogenesis without losing qi" and "strictly examine the pathogenesis and do our duty" is the content of this theory.
1. Etiology: There are many reasons for human illness, which are divided into two categories in Huangdi Neijing. Wind, rain, cold and summer are actually the generalization of "six lewdness"; Emotion of yin and yang is the generalization of "seven emotions"; Eating and drinking is "eating and drinking fatigue". It can be considered that this is the origin of the theory of three causes in later generations.
2. Incidence: The contrast between the strength of good and evil determines the occurrence and development of the disease, that is, "healthy qi exists inside, and evil cannot be done". This point has been proved by Su Wen's ancient naive theory that "God is included, and illness is always in peace" and Su Wen's fever theory that "evil spirits will gather and qi will be deficient".
3. Lesions: The changes of diseases are complicated, and the lesions summarized in Huangdi Neijing are also various, including those summarized from yin and yang, from exterior to interior, from cold and heat, and from excess to deficiency, which refers to excess of pathogenic factors and decline of healthy qi. Generally speaking, there are positive and false, evil and true, positive and false without true and evil, and positive and false without true and evil. The four diagnostic methods of looking, listening, asking and cutting originated from Huangdi Neijing.
1. Observation: including observation, observation and tongue coating discrimination.
Inspection methods, such as Lingshu five colors, Lingshu Wu Yuewu's and Lingshu five colors, have important clinical significance.
The physical observer, observing the skin of human flesh and blood, infers the illness. Clinically, excess and deficiency are complex, and only by understanding their regularity can we realize their changes.
Those who distinguish tongue coating, such as Su Wen's theory of fever, Su Wen's theory of fever, Lingshu and so on.
2. Olfactory diagnosis: including sense of smell and sense of smell.
Hearing people diagnose diseases by listening to patients' voices.
Followed by smell, as Su Wenjin Kui Yan array said, liver disease stinks, heart disease stinks, spleen disease stinks, lung disease stinks and kidney disease stinks.
3. Ask: Ask the patient's conscious symptoms to diagnose the condition.
4. Pulse diagnosis: including pulse cutting and skin cutting. The pulse condition in Huangdi Neijing is the most detailed, mainly as follows:
(1) Three-part nine-level method: that is, hands and feet are divided into three parts, and heaven and earth are divided into three parts.
(2) Pulse method of yingcun mouth: the pulse at yingcun mouth and cunkou mouth will be checked and compared.
(3) pranayama: adjust the doctor's breathing and diagnose the patient's pulse.
(4) Stomach qi pulse: Whether there is stomach qi in the pulse condition is very important. If you have stomach qi, you will be born, but if you don't have stomach qi, you will die.
(5) Six types of pulse conditions: The pulse conditions in Huangdi Neijing include floating, sinking, late, counting, virtual, solid, slippery, astringent, long, short, string, thin, slight, wet, soft, weak, scattered, slow, fast, moving, broad, squatting and weak. But it is often summarized with six veins as the key link.
The second is skin cutting: skin cutting refers to the whole body skin, and there are many things that can help diagnosis according to the skin, such as "following it" and "pressing it to play it". But the most detailed theory is peeling. Because pulse conditions are necessarily related to the skin, they can also cooperate with each other when diagnosing diseases. The theory of studying therapeutic principles is called therapeutic principles theory.
1. Prevention of mild diseases: including pre-disease prevention and post-disease prevention. For example, "nourishing yang in spring and summer and nourishing yin in autumn and winter" all say that diseases should be prevented, treated as early as possible and prevented from spreading.
2. According to time, place and person:
People who adapt to time warn doctors not to be cold, hot and cold at four o'clock.
According to local conditions, we can't generalize, we must treat them differently. On the other hand, Su Wenyi's Treatise on Prescriptions and Medicine discusses in detail the local situation of "treating the same disease with different treatments" in the southeast and northwest. For example, in the eastern region, its treatment should be stone; Western territory, cure poison; In the northern territory, moxibustion should be used; In the southern region, the treatment should be microneedle; In the territory of the central government, appropriate guidance and pressure.
Those that vary from person to person, such as Su Wen's theory of Wuchang Political University and Su Wen's theory of four losses and expropriation.
3. Specimen sequence: that is, the primary disease and the secondary disease were treated successively. The solution of continuous processing of specimens is described in the most detailed way in Su Wen's Biography of Specimens and Diseases.
4. Seek the root of the disease: This is the most fundamental rule in Huangdi Neijing. "Su Wenyin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun" said: "Treatment must be based on this."
5. Make the best use of the situation: change the situation skillfully on the basis of treating diseases.
6. Harmonizing Yin and Yang: This is the essence of treating Dafa.
7. Correct treatment and reverse treatment: Correct treatment, also known as reverse treatment, is a linear treatment method opposite to the condition. For example, "heat is cold, cold is heat, deficiency is tonic, and excess is diarrhea" and so on; Counter-treatment is also called subordinate treatment, such as "cold is used because of cold, heat is used because of heat, the general principle is universal, and the Seine is used" and so on.
8. Make the best use of the situation: it is necessary to be moderate in strengthening the body and eliminating evil, especially for the syndrome of excess and deficiency. Remember "not much, not little", even if you use tonic, you can't get through.
9. Disease-oriented, work-oriented: Su Wen Tang Yi Chuan Lao Lun pointed out: "Disease-oriented, work-oriented." This means that the disease exists objectively and is the root cause; Doctors know that treating diseases is the standard. Doctors must be patient-based, so as to obtain the same samples and cure diseases.
10. Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment: The word "syndrome differentiation and treatment" was not put forward in Huangdi Neijing, but it was put forward. The above points all contain this meaning, and the book has the connotation of syndrome differentiation of eight categories and six meridians of zang-fu organs.
1 1. prescription and drug delivery: there are not many prescriptions in Huangdi Neijing, but their principles are already there.
12. Acupuncture and Moxibustion: There are many people who talk about meridians, acupoints and acupuncture in Huangdi Neijing. Only the reinforcing and reducing methods include respiratory reinforcing and reducing, prescription reinforcing and reducing, deep reinforcing and reducing, Xu reinforcing and reducing, and light and heavy reinforcing and reducing. These methods were used by later generations.