2. Promote high-density pig breeding. 0.8m2 pigpen in winter 1 fattening pig, summer 1 pigpen 1 fattening pig. High-density breeding pigs not only have few laps and low cost, but also fatten pigs compete for food. Sleep when there is no activity space, love to gain weight quickly and reduce feeding expenses.
After fattening pigs exceed 90 kg, the daily weight gain rate is obviously slow down, and fat deposition is the main factor, so the more you feed, the more uneconomical it is, and the more fat it is, the harder it is to sell. Slaughtering under 90 kg, although the feed utilization rate is high, is uneconomical because of its small weight and low meat yield. Generally, 90 ~ 120 kg slaughter is most suitable for fattening pigs.
4 varieties should be excellent. First of all, we should choose varieties according to market demand. At present, it takes at least three yuan, preferably five yuan, to popularize multiple hybridization For example, the British PIC pig, five lines, has a fast growth rate, and can reach 1 10 kg in 58 days, with a lean meat rate of 66% and a feed-meat ratio of 2.8: 1.
Column 5 should be simple. Don't make the pigsty too luxurious, just keep warm and ventilated.
6 feed should be cheap. Feed accounts for 70-75% of the cost of raising pigs. Feed formula should change with the change of market price and season, and cannot be fixed. If pigs eat less in hot summer, the feed should be more nutritious. Feed nutrition should be balanced to meet the growth needs.
7 epidemic prevention should be strict. Pay attention to disinfection, not only to prevent foreign diseases, but also to prevent fecal pollution and spread diseases, and inject vaccines according to immunization procedures.
8 slaughter should be timely. For example, when the resting weight of binary pig reaches 70kg, the inner ternary 80-85kg and the outer ternary 95kg, and the British PIC pig 105kg, it is the appropriate weight for slaughter. In addition, when the pig market price is high, the heavier the weight, the better; When the price is low, it's best to be light, so as to reduce feed consumption and cost.
"Feed-back" pig-raising method is a new type of pig-raising method based on the above shortcomings and the growth law and characteristics of pigs. This method is in the stage from piglet to middle pig. That is, before 50-60 kg, concentrate with high energy and high protein is the main material, supplemented by necessary feed additives and a small amount of green feed. From the middle pig to the slaughter stage, the input of concentrated feed should be appropriately reduced, and the ratio of green feed to roughage should be increased: concentrated feed 60%, green feed 25%, roughage 15%. This method not only shortens the feeding cycle of pigs, but also makes full use of a large number of green feed and roughage resources, thus saving the amount of concentrated feed and greatly improving the economic benefits.
10 feeding management
1. suckling piglets
(1) Thermal insulation and pressure protection. Suitable temperature for suckling piglets: 32℃-28℃ for L-7 days, 28℃-24℃ for 8-35 days, indoor temperature 18℃-22℃, relative humidity 50%-70%, and keep the air fresh. Piglets should be equipped with an incubator or incubator, and a 250-watt infrared light bulb should be hung at the bottom of the incubator or 30-40 cm away from the bottom of the incubator. At the same time, do a good job in piglet care and install a baby protection fence in the delivery fence.
② Eat bovine colostrum and fix nipples. Piglets should be artificially ingested with enough colostrum 1 hour after birth. Fix the nipple within 2-3 days after delivery. Fixed nipple is mainly optional, supplemented by individual adjustment. Piglets with small birth weight are fixed on the front nipple, and piglets with large birth weight are fixed on the back nipple.
(3) Iron supplementation and litter. Within 2-3 days after birth, piglets were injected with iron preparation intramuscularly, and the dose was 0/00-/0/50mg iron per pig. Each lactating sow is fed 10- 12 piglets. For piglets with litter size greater than 12 or less than 7, overfeeded piglets are fed to sows with smaller litter size and the difference is not more than 3 days. Piglets must eat enough colostrum before overfeeding. For sows with too few farrowing, according to the farrowing principle, two litters of piglets can be merged into 1 litter, and one litter will be very healthy. Sows with sufficient milk are fed. Piglets must eat enough colostrum before nesting.
(4) Open food and feed. Piglets should be trained to drink water at the age of 5 days, start eating at the age of 7 days and start eating at the age of 20 days. After a piglet begins to eat, it is supplemented with full-price ingredients and fed with wet feed (feed-water ratio 1: 0.5) 5-6 times a day.
⑤ Castration and weaning. Piglets are castrated at 25 days old and weaned at 35 days old.
⑥ Hygienic disinfection. Clean the shed twice a day to remove feces, and disinfect the passages in the shed with 2% caustic soda water solution or other disinfectants 1 time every week.
⑦ Prevention and control of epidemic diseases. Piglets are vaccinated with swine fever vaccine at the age of 20 days after birth. Usually, the pig's eating, excretion and mental state are often observed, and the disease is isolated and treated in time.
2. Weaned piglets
① Prepare before entering the pig. Before the piglet breeding house is transferred to piglet 1 week, it is necessary to inspect and maintain the equipment in the shed, clean the shed, and then disinfect it with 2% caustic soda water solution or other disinfectants.
② Feeding. After the piglets enter the house, they will still be fed the original feed within 2 weeks, and the intake will be controlled within 1 week, and they will be heated 5-6 times a day to drink freely. After 2 weeks, it gradually transited to the early stage of fattening, adopting wet feed type (feed-water ratio 1:0.5), feeding 4-5 times a day and drinking freely.
③ management. After weaning, the piglets should be transferred from the original nest to the piglet feeding house, and trained in time to gradually develop the habit of defecating, sleeping, eating and drinking in a fixed position. The indoor temperature is controlled at 25℃-20℃ and the relative humidity is 50%-70% to keep the air fresh. Clean the fence twice a day, and disinfect the passage with 2% caustic soda water solution or other disinfectants every week 1 time. Piglets were inoculated with swine fever, erysipelas, pneumonia and piglet paratyphoid vaccine at the age of 55-60 days after birth. Piglets use anthelmintic, Simitu and other anthelmintic drugs to drive out internal parasites, or use anthelmintic drugs to drive out internal and external parasites. Usually, the pig's eating, excretion and mental state are often observed, and the disease is isolated and treated in time. Piglets were raised in the piglet house for 5 weeks and then transferred to the growing and finishing pig house.
3. Growing and finishing pigs
① Prepare before entering the pig. During the first 1 week of transfer to weaned piglets, the barn should be inspected and maintained, cleaned, and then disinfected with 2% caustic soda water solution or other disinfectants.
② Feeding. After the weaned piglets enter the house, they are fed with dry powder or wet feed (feed-water ratio 1: 0.5). In the early stage of fertilization, feed it 3-4 times a day, feed it indefinitely, and drink freely. In the later stage of fattening, feed 2-3 times a day, feed infinitely and drink freely.
③ management. The weaned piglets were transferred to the growing pig fattening room, and divided into groups according to the principle of pig breed, weight and physical strength, with each group 10-20 pigs. After weaned piglets are transferred to growing pigs, they should be trained in time and gradually develop the habit of defecating, sleeping, eating and drinking in a fixed position. The indoor temperature is controlled at 2 1℃- 16℃ and the relative humidity is 50%-70% to keep the air fresh. Clean the shed and remove feces twice a day, and disinfect the passages in the shed with 2% caustic soda solution or other disinfectants 1 time every week. Usually observe the situation of feeding pigs. Excrement and mental state, isolation and treatment in time when diseases are found. When the pig's weight reaches 90- 100 kg, it will be slaughtered.
Lazy pig feeding method
The lazy pig-raising method is a new greenhouse pig-raising method with less investment, quick effect and low cost, which has been improved by agricultural experts in Shandong Province for many years. The main features and methods are as follows:
1, less investment, low cost and simple construction.
To build a pig shed with fattening pigs 100 pigs, it only needs to invest about 2,000 yuan, and the cost per square meter is about 20 yuan.
Generally, the span of a pig shed is 4 ~ 5m, the length is 20 ~ 25m, and the height of the fences around it is1.0 ~1.2m. The supporting shed can be made of materials such as hollow bricks, and the height of the shed is generally 2.7 ~ 3.0m It can be made of materials such as steel bars and cement, and the top is covered with plastic film, woven cloth and straw curtains. There is no fence around the greenhouse, which is equivalent to a summer pavilion. Putting down the plastic film in winter becomes a warm circle, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, providing a good growth environment for pigs.
2, labor-saving and efficient.
The circle is equipped with an automatic trough and an automatic water dispenser. Automatic grooves should be installed at both ends of the shed ring, with a width of 0.2m and a depth of 0.8m.. At the bottom, a discharge port is set every 0.2 meters, and a steel bar is added every 0.2 meters to prevent pigs from entering the tank. Inserts are arranged in the groove to adjust the feed rate. There is an automatic water dispenser for every 25 pigs. The automatic drinking device should be connected to the drinking trough to lead the water out of the shed.
Feed should be fed with different complete feed according to fattening pigs of different ages, so that pigs can grow and develop normally. Fill the pigs with feed and water at one time, and you can feed them for 3 ~ 5 days. Compared with the traditional feeding method, this method can feed fattening pigs per person 1000, and the benefit is increased by more than 10 times.
3. Feeding is simple and easy.
Before pigs enter the pen, first sprinkle some pig manure from healthy pigs in the pen, and then spread 0.35 ~ 0.48 meters of sawdust, wheat straw and other padding materials to lay the foundation for cultivating piglets not to discharge manure in fixed places.
The lazy pig raising method is a form of industrialized pig raising in rural areas, which advocates the feeding method of all-in and all-out. Piglets that are 50-60 days old and weigh 25-30 kg, with good quality, health and disease-free are selected for the competition. Epidemic prevention and deworming should be carried out before entering the circle. In order to prevent pigs from fighting, measures such as spraying disinfectant with pungent smell on pigs or entering the circle at night can get good results.
4. There is no need to remove feces during the whole fattening period. Can be taken once after the pig is slaughtered to remove feces, and will not affect the development of the pig. Because some biological additives are added to the pig feed, it is beneficial to the decomposition and transformation of protein in the feed and reduce the odor of feces. In order to avoid mosquitoes, flies and odor in summer, efficient aerobic fermentation or deep anaerobic fermentation can be used for manure fermentation, and the fermentation temperature of pig manure can reach 60 ~ 70 degrees, which can kill bacteria and pests in manure and is clean and hygienic.
In winter, because the pigs warm each other and the shed temperature is high, attention should be paid to ventilation to ensure the growth and development of fattening pigs.
5, the feeding cycle is short and the fattening is fast.
The lazy pig raising method is suitable for pig growth and fattening conditions and large-scale breeding because of its reasonable shed shape, good thermal insulation in winter and cool ventilation in summer. The feeding cycle is 3 months, fattening lasts for 80-90 days, and the daily gain is 0.7-0.8kg, and each pig is 90-110kg. A shed raises three recommended pigs a year, with an interval of 20 days. The minimum profit is about 5,000 yuan, and the annual income is1.5,000 ~ 20,000 yuan.
6, a shed is multi-purpose, easy to change production.
The pigsty can be used for multiple purposes, not only for raising pigs, but also for raising cattle, sheep, rabbits and chickens. , and can be replaced at any time, planting greenhouse vegetables, mushrooms and so on. , increased the ability to resist risks.
Farmers should pay attention to raising pigs
1. Raw feeding and cooked feeding In rural areas, many pig farmers have the habit of feeding cooked food, thinking that cooked feeding can reduce the amount of feed, soften crude fiber, and pigs can eat more and improve the digestibility. According to experiments, there are differences between raw feed and cooked feed in different feed types. Green feed and coarse feed are better than raw feed, and the digestibility of dry matter and carbohydrate in clinker group is also higher, but there is no significant difference between protein and crude fiber. In concentrated diet, it is better to feed cooked soybean seeds than raw soybean seeds. However, in most concentrate diets, raw feed is better than cooked feed. Generally, boiled concentrated solution will lose 5% ~ 10% of nutrients. The average daily gain of raw feed is increased by 10% compared with that of cooked feed, and 0.2 ~ 0.3 kg of concentrate can be saved per kg of gross weight. There is no difference between the two, and the protein digestibility is higher. In addition, feeding pigs with raw materials can save a lot of labor and fuel. However, some toxic or easily polluted feeds, such as rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, swill, etc., can play a role in detoxification or disinfection after cooking.
2. Because of the high water content, thin soup will reduce the secretion of digestive juice, accelerate gastric emptying, shorten the residence time of feed in the stomach, and inevitably reduce the digestibility of feed nutrients. Coarse feeding, especially raw dry feeding and raw wet feeding, can strengthen the chewing function of pigs, promote the secretion of digestive juice, prolong the residence time of feed in the stomach and improve the digestibility of nutrients. Therefore, it is suggested that coarse materials, dry materials mixed with water or dry materials mixed with green slurry should be properly kneaded and dispersed.
3. The number of meals must be determined according to the type, age, season and feed nature of pigs, and cannot be generalized. Lactating piglets have small stomach volume and weak digestive ability. From the age of 7 days, they mainly attract food, but there is no limit to the number of times they eat. From 20 years old to weaning, you can feed more than 6 meals a day; The digestive function of newly weaned piglets is increasing day by day, and they can be fed 4 ~ 5 meals a day; Sows with young and sows in late pregnancy need more nutrition and can be fed four times a day; Shelf pigs, big pigs, empty sows and boars can be fed three times a day. In summer, the weather is hot, the days and nights are short, and the activity time of pigs is long. You can add 1 ~ 2 meals of light food as appropriate to prevent hunger and hydration. Winter is cold, the days are short and the nights are long, so the first meal in the morning should be fed early and the last meal in the evening should be fed late, and the interval between the two meals should be appropriately opened. And feed it thick at night to prevent hunger and cold.
4. Timing. Never feed the pigs late today and early tomorrow. Feed pigs at a fixed time every day. This will make pigs develop the habit of eating whenever they want and secrete digestive juice regularly. It tastes particularly fragrant and easy to digest, and it is not easy to cause gastrointestinal diseases. If the feeding time is not fixed, it will disrupt the life law of pigs, easily lead to digestive dysfunction, and every meal has bad taste and indigestion, leading to gastrointestinal diseases of pigs. Over time, pigs will lose weight and grow slowly.
5. quantitative. Being hungry when feeding pigs can also cause indigestion and slow weight gain. So after figuring out the approximate feed intake of pigs, it is necessary to determine an approximate feed intake. However, the feed intake of the same group or even the same pig is often different due to climatic conditions, feed palatability, feeding technology and other factors. After mastering the feed intake of pigs, breeders should flexibly master the feed intake according to the nutritional status, feed status and appetite of pigs. Generally, there is no food residue in the trough after feeding, so pigs should not lick the trough. If there are leftovers in the trough, they can be reduced next time; If there is not enough food, you can feed more next time. Pigs' appetite is generally the strongest in the evening, followed by the morning and the worst at noon. The daily feed should be distributed according to this rule, so that pigs can always maintain a strong appetite.
The feed for pigs with fixed quality is best fed to regular feed factories, and the compound feed is prepared according to the feeding standard of different types of pigs at different growth and development stages. If farmers make their own food, they should generally determine the digestible energy level and protein level of the mixture according to feeding standard, and the variety and proportion of ingredients should not change too much each time.
Eating at constant temperature also has a great relationship with the health and weight gain of pigs. Spring, summer and autumn are generally fed at room temperature, and feed should be prepared with hot water in winter, and warm water should be used as appropriate. If pigs eat at low temperature, it will consume a lot of body heat to raise the feed to the same level as the body temperature, and the body heat must be supplemented by the heat generated by the oxidation of nutrients in the feed, which wastes a lot of feed invisibly and may also cause miscarriage and gastroenteritis to pregnant sows. Healthy pigs have the habit of grasping food when eating, so when feeding pigs, you can't feed them hot food, otherwise it will easily burn the oral mucosa and even esophagus of pigs. Feeding scalded food for a long time will also cause hair loss and hinder the development of pigs.
Method for raise pigs in plastic greenhouse
The method of raising pigs in plastic greenhouse is to insert bamboo poles on both sides of the original pigsty, bend the bamboo poles into an arc, then tie the bamboo poles vertically and horizontally, then tie them firmly with plastic film and seal them with mud. At the same time,