Xiang Hongding (director and chief physician of Diabetes Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital) aerobic exercise is most suitable for diabetic patients. For diabetics, exercise is of special significance. After making a diet plan and a diabetes drug treatment plan, exercise has become a key part of effectively controlling diabetes. In particular, aerobic exercise is more conducive to the control of blood sugar, can reduce the related risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, and is conducive to weight control. At the same time, for high-risk groups, regular exercise can prevent type 2 diabetes. Characteristics of Aerobic Exercise Aerobic metabolic exercise refers to those exercises aimed at enhancing the human body's ability to inhale and transport oxygen, enhancing the human body's ability to use oxygen, and improving human endurance. It is characterized by low intensity, rhythm, uninterrupted and long duration, such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, skating, kicking shuttlecock, playing Tai Ji Chuan, climbing mountains and skipping rope. For middle-aged and elderly people, the best way to exercise is moderate aerobic exercise, and the principle of "1357" should be adhered to. Diabetic patients should carry out moderate and low intensity aerobic exercise, and the exercise time should be controlled within 45 minutes. Xiang Hongding (director and chief physician of Diabetes Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital) aerobic exercise is most suitable for diabetic patients. For diabetics, exercise is of special significance. After making a diet plan and a diabetes drug treatment plan, exercise has become a key part of effectively controlling diabetes. In particular, aerobic exercise is more conducive to the control of blood sugar, can reduce the related risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, and is conducive to weight control. At the same time, for high-risk groups, regular exercise can prevent type 2 diabetes. Characteristics of Aerobic Exercise Aerobic metabolic exercise refers to those exercises aimed at enhancing the human body's ability to inhale and transport oxygen, enhancing the human body's ability to use oxygen, and improving human endurance. It is characterized by low intensity, rhythm, uninterrupted and long duration, such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, skating, kicking shuttlecock, playing Tai Ji Chuan, climbing mountains and skipping rope. For middle-aged and elderly people, the best way to exercise is moderate aerobic exercise, and the principle of "1357" should be adhered to. Diabetic patients should carry out moderate and low intensity aerobic exercise, and the exercise time should be controlled within 45 minutes. Which diabetics should not exercise? Diabetic patients mainly include the following categories: 1 insulin secretion is seriously insufficient, diabetic patients with acute infection and cardiac insufficiency, patients with arrhythmia after exercise, patients with severe diabetic nephropathy often have insufficient cerebral blood supply, hypertensive patients with systolic blood pressure higher than 180 mm Hg, diabetic patients with blood sugar concentration higher than 14 mmol/L, and patients with obvious ketosis or ketoacidosis. Those who cause acidosis, coma and other poor blood sugar control, obvious hypoglycemia or large blood sugar fluctuation are prone to ketoacidosis. Diabetic patients should beware of hypoglycemia when exercising. If you have symptoms such as hunger, rapid heartbeat, palpitation, sweating all over, dizziness, stars, weakness of limbs, etc. during or after exercise, it means that you are likely to have hypoglycemia. At this time, you should stop exercising immediately and eat the candy or sugary food you carry with you. Severe cases should be sent to hospital for emergency treatment. Hypoglycemia is very dangerous, so diabetics should take some preventive measures. The main measures to prevent hypoglycemia are as follows: after meals, 0.5? Exercise 1 hour. At this time, blood sugar is high and hypoglycemia is not easy to occur. Try to avoid exercise when insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents have the strongest effect, such as 0.5 after injection of short-acting insulin. 1 hour should reduce exercise. Try to avoid injecting insulin in areas that require strenuous activity during exercise, such as thighs. You can choose abdominal injection. Try not to exercise on an empty stomach. If the fasting blood glucose is greater than 6.7 mmol/L( 1.20mg/dl), you can do moderate fasting exercise. If the fasting blood sugar is less than 6.7 mmol/L, it is best to eat some food before exercise, such as drinking a glass of milk, eating a few biscuits, and warming up after eating 10 minutes. Take candy or sugary drinks or special glucose tablets for diabetes with you to prevent hypoglycemia. When doing moderate or above exercise for a long time, you should add meals properly before or during exercise. Patients who can monitor their blood sugar by themselves can test their blood sugar before and after exercise, so as to find hypoglycemia in time and know which exercise form, how much exercise can reduce blood sugar and how much. Long-term and heavy-load exercise, such as outing and mountain climbing, may have a lasting hypoglycemic effect, so in addition to adding meals before exercise, you should also increase your food intake after exercise. The scientific and complete exercise plan of sports trilogy should include three parts: warm-up (preparation) activity stage, theme activity stage and relaxation (arrangement) activity stage. So the exercise process should follow the "trilogy" to arrange. Step 1: Do five warm-up exercises before formal exercise? 10 minute warm-up exercise, such as stretching, standing, walking slowly, playing Tai Ji Chuan, abdominal breathing, doing exercises, etc. Gradually increase the intensity of exercise to adapt to the cardiovascular system, improve the activity effect of joints and muscles, and avoid muscle strain. Step 2: Theme Sports Diabetes patients should focus on moderate and low-intensity aerobic exercise, such as walking, jogging, swimming, cycling and kicking shuttlecock. Exercise time should be kept at 20? 30 minutes, but in the initial stage, you can start from 5? From 10 minute, gradually increase the amount to 20? Thirty minutes. Don't stop suddenly after the exercise, it's better to do five more? 10 minute relaxation exercise, such as walking slowly, bending over, kicking, ego * * *, and so on. Promote blood return, prevent blood stasis in limbs caused by sudden stop of activities, reduce blood flow back to the heart, and cause syncope or arrhythmia. After slowing down gradually, sit down and have a rest. For example, after jogging for 20 minutes, gradually change to fast walking and slow walking, gradually slow down the pace, then stretch your waist, kick your legs, and then sit down and rest. This article is excerpted from Who says diabetics can't eat big meals/Xiang Hongding (director and chief physician of Diabetes Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital)/Interesting.