Edible fungi have been called "delicacies" since ancient times, and now they are also called "health food" and "functional food", and they are called "the peak of plant food" in western countries. They are favored by consumers because of their rich nutritional value and medicinal value. Edible fungi have unique flavor, greasy taste, rich nutrition and delicious taste, and contain eight essential amino acids. The content of protein is generally between15% and 30%. protein is a family with unique functions, but its fat content is generally only 2%-5%. It is a healthy food with high protein and low fat, and its amino acids are quite rich in lysine and leucine.

(1) Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus is slightly warm and sweet. The total content of amino acids is about 65438 05% of dry weight. Every100g of fresh food contains 3.3g of protein, 0.3g of fat and 4. 1 g of sugar. Contains a lot of vitamins, such as vitamin B and vitamin C, and has the effects of nourishing, invigorating spleen, nourishing stomach, eliminating dampness and cold, relaxing muscles and tendons, moistening intestines, stimulating appetite and improving human immunity.

(2) Agaricus bisporus

Agaricus bisporus is cool and sweet. Has effects in stimulating appetite, regulating qi, removing toxic materials, removing blood stasis, relieving vomiting and diarrhea, refreshing and protecting liver. Regular consumption can increase appetite, prevent colds, clear away heat and promote fluid production, and moisten the intestines to relieve constipation. Its fruiting body contains Agaricus bisporus polysaccharide, the content of protein is as high as 24% (dry powder), and the amino acids are very rich. Every 100g of dried Lentinus edodes contains cobalt 100g, which is a food of cobalt (Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine). Modern medical research has proved that Agaricus bisporus contains polysaccharides, heterologous proteins and various enzymes, which have anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral activities, and can improve human immunity and disease resistance. It is called "natural anticancer drug". Agaricus bisporus is an alkaline food with low energy and high unsaturated fatty acid content, which can prevent arteries and cirrhosis, heart disease and obesity.

(3) Lentinus edodes

Like other edible fungi, Lentinus edodes is a kind of nutritious food with high protein, low fat, low calorie and rich in vitamins and trace elements. Its protein content exceeds that of pig and beef, second only to soybean; The content of calcium and phosphorus is 3 ~ 8 times higher than that of chicken and spinach. The contents of vitamin B 1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C are higher than those of tomatoes and carrots. Double stranded RNA in Lentinus edodes can induce the body to produce interferon. American scientists have proved that interferon-β can prevent the spread of SARS virus. Lentinus edodes polysaccharide is a famous immune biological response regulator, which has the function of protecting liver. Enhance the immune function of the body, activate T lymphocytes, activate killer cells, induce interferon and inhibit virus replication; Promote the activation of macrophages, significantly improve the phagocytosis of macrophages, and have significant anti-cancer effects. Clinically, lentinan is used as an immune enhancer to treat viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, asthma, diabetes and AIDS. It can also be used for adjuvant treatment of digestive system and respiratory system tumors and malignant tumors such as breast cancer, malignant blood and liver cancer. It can also be used as anti-radiation and anti-influenza drugs to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

(4) Coprinus comatus

Coprinus comatus is sweet in taste and flat in nature, and has the effects of refreshing, enhancing intelligence, relaxing bowels, stimulating appetite, lowering blood pressure, benefiting the spleen and stomach, helping digestion, and resisting tumors. It also contains anticancer active substances and effective components for treating diabetes. Long-term consumption has a good effect on reducing blood sugar concentration and treating diabetes, especially on treating hemorrhoids. It is one of the 16 kinds of edible fungi with the functions of "nature, nutrition and health care" confirmed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), and is strongly recommended and popularized. According to the analysis and determination, every100g of dried Coprinus comatus contains 25.4g of protein, 3.3g of fat, 58.8g of total sugar (containing 51.5g of nitrogen-free extract and 7.3g of fiber) and 2.5g of ash/kloc-0. It contains 20 kinds of amino acids, with a total amount of 17.2g, and all 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for human body, accounting for 34.83% of the total, with a reasonable proportion, especially lysine and leucine. Ash contains major elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc and cobalt.

(5) Pleurotus eryngii

Flammulina velutipes is cold, salty and slippery. It is good for liver, stomach, intelligence and cancer. The content of lysine and arginine is high, which can promote children's growth and development, enhance memory and improve intelligence. It can also prevent and treat diseases such as hepatitis and gastric ulcer. Contains Pleurotus eryngii and active polysaccharide, and has inhibitory effect on cancer cells. A regular diet can also lower blood pressure and cholesterol in the blood. Every 100g of fresh mushrooms contains 2.72g of protein, and contains iron, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin C and so on. Eight essential amino acids are rich, accounting for 44.5% of the total, especially lysine and arginine. It can enhance children's intellectual development, which is called "intelligence-enhancing mushroom" in Japan.

(6) Volvariella volvacea

Volvariella volvacea is cool, sweet, slightly salty and nontoxic. Has the effects of invigorating spleen and qi, clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, resisting scurvy, improving immunity and accelerating wound healing. It also has the functions of lowering cholesterol, resisting cancer and detoxifying, and can combine lead, arsenic and benzene with vitamin C to form anti-bad blood cells, which are excreted with urine. It can also prevent the formation of nitrite in the body. Its quality is fresh and tender, its taste is delicious, its meat quality is delicate, its mushroom soup is like milk, and its nutritional value is high. Every 100g of fresh mushrooms contains 2.66g of protein, 2.24g of fat, 2.6 1g of sugar, 0.9 1g of ash and 206.28mg of vitamins. It contains 8 essential amino acids, accounting for 38.2% of the total amino acids. The high content of lysine makes it have a unique flavor. Phosphorus, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium and other mineral elements are also rich in content.

(7) Auricularia auricula

Auricularia auricula is fresh, tender and refreshing, crisp and delicious, and rich in nutrition. It is a kind of edible, medicinal and nourishing black health food, and has the reputation of "meat in vegetarian diet". According to the analysis, each 100g dry spike contains protein 10.6g, amino acid1.4g, fat 1.2g, carbohydrate 65g, cellulose 7g, mineral elements such as calcium, phosphorus and iron, and various vitamins. Among ash elements, the content of iron is 100 times higher than that of meat, calcium is 30-70 times higher than that of meat, phosphorus is 4-7 times higher than that of tomatoes and potatoes, and vitamin B2 is 10 times higher than that of rice, noodles and vegetables. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: "Auricularia auricula is sweet in taste and flat in nature, and is mainly used for nourishing blood without hunger, bleeding due to bloody dysentery, hemorrhoids, toothache and common gynecological diseases." It has the effects of nourishing stomach, stopping bleeding, relieving pain, moistening dryness, enriching blood, expelling toxin, relaxing bowels, resisting platelet aggregation, lowering cholesterol, resisting cancer, nourishing and strengthening body, clearing away lung heat and benefiting qi. Indications: postpartum weakness, anemia, traumatic injury, wound healing, cold-dampness waist and leg diseases, etc. Prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is also a daily health food for chemical fiber, cotton, hemp and wool textile workers.

(8) Tremella

Tremella is a nourishing treasure with high nutritional value, which can be compared with ginseng and velvet antler. Every100g of dried product contains 5g of crude protein, 0.6g of crude fat, 79g of carbohydrate, 2.6g of crude fiber, 3. 1 g of ash, 380mg of calcium, 250mg of phosphorus, 30.4mg of iron, vitamin D, A and tremella polysaccharide. Traditional Chinese medicine experts believe that tremella fuciformis has the functions of "strengthening essence and tonifying kidney, nourishing yin and moistening lung, promoting fluid production and relieving cough, reducing fire and benefiting stomach, moistening intestine and benefiting qi, promoting blood circulation and strengthening heart, strengthening body and brain, refreshing mind and beautifying skin". Zhang Ren 'an, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, said: "This thing is moist with Ophiopogon japonicus, but not cold, and sweet with Polygonatum odoratum, so it is an important product for moistening lung and nourishing yin." According to China Medical Dictionary, "this product enters the lung, spleen, kidney and large intestine meridians, and is mainly used for treating lung-heat cough, lung dryness and dry cough, blood in sputum, postpartum weakness, lung-heat gastritis and bloody stool". According to the recent medical research, tremella contains acidic and neutral heteropolysaccharide, which can improve human immunity, strengthen the body resistance, and has obvious curative effect on chronic bronchitis and cor pulmonale in the elderly, and can improve the detoxification ability of the liver, protect the liver and improve the body's ability to protect against atomic radiation. Clinical application of tremella preparation in the treatment of tumor, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and prevention and treatment of leukopenia. Therefore, tremella is called "public health care" food, "health preservation and longevity" treasure and "medical" medicine.

(9) Hedgehog

Hericium erinaceus is fresh and tender, and the food is soft and clear. It is not only delicious food, but also a good medicine for treating diseases. Benefiting five internal organs, helping digestion, nourishing, resisting cancer and treating neurasthenia. Especially for digestive system diseases, such as gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

(10) Pleurotus eryngii

Pleurotus eryngii is one of the most delicious mushrooms, with fine white meat, thick and long stalk, fine and firm tissue, slow umbrella opening, few spores, crisp and tender fruiting body texture, delicious taste, unique flavor, long shelf life and rich oligosaccharide content, which has the effect of caring the whole intestine. Some scholars call it "delicious boletus on the grassland". The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommends this variety to all countries. It has almond fragrance and is suitable for preservation, processing and cooking. Pleurotus eryngii is rich in nutrition, with plant protein content as high as 25%, containing 18 kinds of amino acids and polysaccharides, which can improve human immunity and prevent cancer. At the same time, it contains a lot of oligosaccharides, which is 15 times of Grifola frondosa, 3.5 times of Flammulina velutipes and 2 times of hypsizygus marmoreus. These sugars work together with Bifidobacterium in gastrointestinal tract, which has a good effect on promoting digestion and absorption. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Pleurotus eryngii has the functions of benefiting qi, killing insects and beautifying, and it is a valuable edible fungus with good taste and strong medicinal function.

(1 1) Pleurotus nebrodensis

Pleurotus nebrodensis is white, delicious, fleshy, tender, crisp and delicious, and tastes like abalone. Known as "King of Pleurotus ostreatus" abroad, it is known as "Tianshan Mushroom" in Xinjiang. According to the analysis of National Food Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, the protein content of Pleurotus nebrodensis is as high as 14.7%, containing 18 amino acids, of which glutamic acid is the most, and 8 amino acids necessary for human body are complete. In addition, it also contains a variety of mineral elements and vitamins. It is reported that Pleurotus nebrodensis has the functions of resolving food stagnation, removing blood stasis, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and treating stomach diseases and typhoid fever. Contains fungal polysaccharides, which can enhance human immune function. Its linoleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid combine with cholesterol in human blood to form cholesterol grease, which has the functions of lowering blood pressure and preventing arteriosclerosis. Its vitamin content is an important component in the prevention and treatment of rickets, rickets and osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly people. Besides fresh food, Pleurotus nebrodensis can also be canned, sliced and dried, or further processed into various health-care nutrients, condiments and beverage additives. After being put on the market, Pleurotus nebrodensis is favored by consumers. It is a high-grade edible fungus with high cultivation value.

(12) Agaricus blazei Murill

Agaricus blazei Murill is rich in protein and polysaccharide, which has high nutritional and health value. According to the research data of the forest, its protein content is 28.67% of dry weight, crude fat content is 2.88%, crude fiber is 6. 1 1%, polysaccharide is 6.06%, and the total number of 17 amino acids determined is 19.22%, among which essential amino acids. In addition, it also contains a variety of mineral elements and vitamins, among which germanium related to cancer is also very rich. In particular, the polysaccharide β -glucan contained in the extract of Agaricus blazei Murill has anticancer, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic and tranquilizing effects. Modern medical research shows that it has all-round medical and health care functions for various systems of human body, and can prevent and treat many diseases. Therefore, in recent years, Agaricus blazei has become a craze in Japan, and it is imported from China in large quantities, which is expensive and has attracted the attention of edible fungi, health care and medical circles.

(13) Pleurotus ostreatus

Mushrooms are delicious, nutritious, smooth, fresh, tender and crisp. The crude protein content per 100g dried product is 35g, which is higher than that of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes. Pure protein 15. 1g, crude fat 4.0g, soluble nitrogen-free extract 39.0g, crude fiber 10.3g, ash 13.7g, water-soluble substance 60.0g..cap Mucopolysaccharide secreted by CAP has high medicinal value. Regular consumption of Pleurotus ostreatus can prevent and treat vision loss, night blindness and xerosis cutis, enhance the resistance to some respiratory and digestive tract infectious diseases, and have a good therapeutic effect on dizziness caused by diseases such as hypertension, vertebrobasilar insufficiency and autonomic nervous dysfunction.

(14) hypsizygus marmoreus

Hypsizygus marmoreus is fresher than Pleurotus ostreatus, and has a unique crab flavor. Its meat is thicker than Pleurotus ostreatus, and its quality is tougher and crisper than Lentinus edodes. It is a rare edible fungus with beautiful appearance, plump meat, excellent taste and rich nutrition. Japan pays attention to "the fragrance is in pine mushrooms and the taste is in jade mushrooms". Contains a variety of polysaccharides, but also has a variety of medical functions such as anti-cancer and cancer prevention. According to the determination, the crude protein content in hypsizygus marmoreus dried product is 24.97%, and the total amino acid content is 65,438 07.70%, in which the contents of lysine and arginine are higher than those of ordinary mushrooms, which can promote the intelligence and height of teenagers, especially its fruiting body extract has the function of scavenging free radicals in human body, and has a unique effect on improving immunity, preventing aging and prolonging life.

(15) Grifola frondosa

Grifola frondosa fruiting bodies are layered like chrysanthemums, which are fragrant and refreshing in the formation period and have good cooking properties, that is, they are cooked immediately after cooking, but not burnt for a long time. It can be fried, stewed, boiled, fried, cold mixed, and stuffed. Delicious, Japanese food is popular with fresh hot pot. The dried product is similar to a beautiful dance skirt, hence the name "dancing velvet". It is a good gift (the dried product still has its original unique flavor after soaking), and it is a well-known rare nutritional and health food. According to Japanese scholars' research, the polysaccharide extracted from the mycelium of Grifola frondosa fruiting body has anticancer activity after oral administration or injection, which can greatly enhance the body's immunity. In dietotherapy, regular consumption of Grifola frondosa fruiting body can invigorate qi and spleen, tonify deficiency and strengthen body resistance, significantly inhibit hypertension and obesity, promote fat metabolism, prevent arteriosclerosis, cirrhosis and diabetes, and prevent and treat gynecological diseases such as female infertility. It is a typical edible and medicinal bacteria.

(16) Agrocybe aegerita

Agrocybe chaxingu is plump in meat, beautiful in color, crisp and tender in stems and delicious in taste. According to the analysis, Agrocybe aegerita is rich in nutrition, with a high protein content of 19.55%, containing 18 kinds of amino acids, with a total amino acid content of 16.86%, among which 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for human body account for 8 1.33%, and are rich in B vitamins and vitamins. Mushrooms are called "aristocratic food" because of their rich and balanced nutrition, complete taste and flavor, and high market price. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that mushrooms are sweet and non-toxic, and have diuretic, diuretic, spleen-invigorating, and antidiarrheal effects, and have special functions of anti-aging, cholesterol-lowering, and cancer prevention.

(17) Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum has been regarded as a symbol of auspiciousness, wealth, beauty and longevity since ancient times. Known as "Cao Xian" and "Cao Rui", China traditional medicine has long regarded it as a precious Chinese herbal medicine for nourishing and strengthening the body. Two thousand years ago, Shennong in the Eastern Han Dynasty listed Ganoderma lucidum as the top grade in the Classic of Materia Medica, arguing that "long-term eating will keep you healthy and live forever". According to the Compendium of Materia Medica compiled by Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty, Ganoderma lucidum is bitter in taste, flat in nature, non-toxic, beneficial to heart qi, promoting blood circulation, nourishing heart pulse, calming nerves, lung qi, liver qi, middle energizer, increasing intelligence, lusting, benefiting joints, strengthening bones and muscles, resolving phlegm and invigorating stomach. Modern medicine has proved that Ganoderma lucidum contains a variety of physiologically active substances, which can regulate and enhance human immunity, and has a good synergistic therapeutic effect on neurasthenia, rheumatoid arthritis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, hepatitis, diabetes and tumors. The latest research shows that Ganoderma lucidum also has anti-fatigue, beauty beauty, anti-aging and AIDS prevention effects. Its effective components are mainly ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, ganoderma lucidum acid, organic germanium, triterpenes, polysaccharides, nucleotides, alkaloids, sterols, nicotinic acid, fatty acids and trace elements.

(18) Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata has always been one of the rare Chinese herbal medicines unique to China, with sweet, flat and slightly fishy taste. Medicinal efficacy: First, calming the liver and suppressing yang, treating hyperactivity of liver yang and dizziness, and treating hypertension and hyperlipidemia; The second is to stop wind and spasm, and treat children's acute and slow convulsions, tetanus, epilepsy and other symptoms; Third, dredge channels and collaterals to treat apoplexy sequelae, hemiplegia, limb spasm and rheumatism.

(19) Cordyceps militaris

The study of Cordyceps militaris was first seen in the book "Xinhua Compendium of Materia Medica" in China. It is considered that it is sweet in taste, flat in nature, beneficial to lung, nourishing essence, stopping bleeding and resolving phlegm. Modern medical research shows that Cordyceps militaris contains cordycepin, cordycepic acid, cordyceps polysaccharide, superoxide dismutase (SOD), linoleic acid and palmitic acid. It has the functions of anti-fatigue, anti-hypoxia and anti-aging, especially for strengthening the nonspecific immune system, enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages and promoting the formation of antibodies. It has obvious inhibitory effect on S 180 Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and has synergistic and attenuated effects on chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide. Many medicinal components contained in Cordyceps militaris are far more than traditional Chinese medicine-Cordyceps sinensis, which has magical effects basically consistent with it. The cultivation and application prospect of Cordyceps militaris is very broad.