Asarum dongbeiense

Another name

Jasmine, fine grass, jasmine, thin strip, green beard ginger, monocotyledonous grass, golden basin grass, whole disease grass, Wolong Dan, Zhong Hua, Si Liang Ma and Yuxiang silk.

Bobo mofo

new

English name

Asarum, Asarum, Asarum Seoul, Asarum.

Latin names of plants, animals and minerals

1. Asarum heterophyllum Schmidtvar.mandshuricum(mAaxim. )Kitag。

2. Asarum.

3. Herba Asari

Meridian tropism

Lung; Kidney; Heart; Liver; Gallbladder; Spleen meridian

pharmacological action

1. Effects on cardiovascular system;

Effect of 1. 1. Asari on left ventricular function in dogs: Asari was extracted with ethanol, and then diluted with water into a solution of 1: 2 (2g crude drug per 1ml, referred to as A.H). Intravenous injection of a.h. 0. 1-0.4 ml/kg in dogs undergoing cardiopulmonary preparation. The results show that LVSP ↑, LVEDP ↑, Map ↑, Co ↑, HR ↑, SV ↑, DP/DTMax ↑, T-DP/DTMax ↑, VPM ↑, VCE-CPIP ↑, VMAX ↑; Anesthetize open-chest dogs and inject 0.05-0.4ml/kgA intravenously. H can make MAP↓ and SV↑, and other results are basically consistent with the cardiopulmonary preparation experiment; The forward descending branches of the Lis-sajous diagram measured by the above two experiments all move to the upper right. Therefore, the influence of pre-load and post-load is excluded, which shows that compared with dl- noraconitine (H.G) and isoproterenol (I.S) contained in Asari, A.H.A.H. seems to improve the pump function by enhancing myocardial contractility. Results All three can enhance left ventricular function in dogs, but A.H can increase SV, while H.G. and I.S. can decrease SV. The reason may be related to the moderate increase of heart rate and the complete relaxation of ventricle by a.h.

1.2. Effect of Asari on cardiogenic shock in dogs: The root of Asari was made into 1: 2 aqueous solution. Cardiogenic shock model was established by segmental ligation of anterior descending coronary artery and obstruction of coronary sinus catheter in dogs. Results Dopamine extracted from Asari and noraconitine, the effective component in Asari, can increase the mean arterial pressure, LVSP, left ventricular end diastolic pressure/maximum end diastolic pressure and SCBF, and decrease CVR. Dopamine and Asari have similar effects, but dopamine can increase the heart rate, while Asari does not.

2. Influence on central nervous system:

2. 1. Synergy of central depressants: methyl eugenol contained in the volatile oil of this product was intraperitoneally injected into mice at 50mg/kg, and the subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium 15mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 20 minutes after administration. Results All the mice in the treatment group fell asleep, which was significantly different from that in the control group (P

2.2. Anesthetic effect on different species of animals: Methyleugenol is administered to different species of animals at a rate of 2.0 ml per minute (50 mg/ml), and generally enters anesthesia 1-2 minutes after intravenous injection. When the dosage of 50mg/kg was injected intravenously into cats, the amount of saliva secretion increased obviously and neck stiffness appeared. Gastrointestinal reactions such as vomiting and defecation occurred in dogs after administration. However, monkeys and rabbits have basically no such reaction after administration, but if the administration is too fast, breathing may slow down or even stop, and if the drug is stopped immediately, breathing can be restored.

2.3. Analgesic effect: methyl eugenol has certain analgesic effect on mice, but its specificity is not high. Asarum decoction can block the impulse conduction of toad sciatic nerve, which is reversible.

2.4. Cooling effect: intraperitoneal injection of methyl eugenol 90mg/kg and 144mg/kg has obvious cooling effect on rats, but it is weaker than chlorpromazine (15mg/kg).

3. Effect on EEG activity in rabbits:

The synchronous recording of the volatile oil of Asarum on the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, midbrain reticular structure and electrocardiogram of rabbits proves that its effect on the central nervous system is similar to barbiturates, and there is a development process of low-amplitude fast wave desynchronization → high-amplitude slow wave → low-amplitude slow wave → intermittent EEG disappearance → continuous EEG disappearance. After the EEG of cortex, hippocampus and midbrain reticular structure disappeared, ECG disappeared.

4. Influence on microcirculation:

Adrenaline-induced mouse auricle microcirculation disturbance model. First, the diameter and blood flow before administration were measured and recorded. Then, asarum liquid was injected intraperitoneally according to the body weight of 0. 1 ml/10g, and the changes of diameter and blood flow within10min were observed. Then epinephrine 10μg/ 10g was injected intraperitoneally, and the changes of blood flow and diameter within 10 minutes were observed. The experimental results show that asarum can delay the stopping or slowing down of arteriole blood flow caused by adrenaline, but the statistical treatment is not significant.

5. Anti-inflammatory effect:

The volatile oil extracted from Asari (asarum oil for short) was injected intraperitoneally into rats at a dose of 0.24ml/kg to inhibit the swelling of rats' feet caused by carrageenan. Compared with the control group, P

6. Bacteriostasis:

Preliminary in vitro experiments showed that Asarum had certain inhibitory effects on hemolytic streptococcus, Shigella dysenteriae, typhoid Bacillus and tuberculosis. Asarum can also completely inhibit the production of aflatoxin.

7. Improve the metabolic function of the body:

The noraconitine contained in Asari has a wide range of physiological functions like adrenergic B stimulant, which has the functions of strengthening the heart, dilating blood vessels, relaxing smooth muscle, enhancing lipid metabolism and raising blood sugar. Noraconitine is contained in cold-dispelling drugs such as Fu 3, Asarum and Evodia rutaecarpa. Its pharmacological action accords with the pharmacological basis of cold-dispelling drugs.

8. Antihistamines and anti-inflammatory reactions:

Methyl eugenol, resveratrol, N- isobutyl dodecylamine and noreugenine isolated from Asari can obviously inhibit the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum induced by histamine. Both water extract and ethanol extract of asarum can reduce the total release of allergic mediators in acute allergic reaction by more than 40%. It is suggested that it has anti-allergic effect.

9. Effect on smooth muscle:

At low concentration, the tension of the volatile oil of asarum increased first and then decreased, and the amplitude increased. It is inhibited at high concentration. It has inhibitory effect on isolated rat uterus.

Effects on respiratory system:

Asarone alcohol extract can antagonize respiratory depression caused by intravenous morphine in rabbits. Methyl eugenol has obvious relaxing effect on isolated trachea of guinea pigs. Asari ethanol infusion temporarily decreased the perfusion flow of isolated lung, and then continued to increase, lasting 15-30 minutes. Isoproterenol did not decrease briefly at first, but the increase and duration of pulmonary perfusion flow were similar to those of Asari. Therefore, it is considered that the follow-up effect of asarum is similar to isoproterenol.

Chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine

1. The whole grass (dried product) of Asari (produced in Liaoning) contains volatile oil.

The components of volatile oil are α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, juniper and limonene. γ-terpinene, terpinene, borneol, cineole, menthol, 2- isopropyl -5- methyl anisole.

(2- isopropyl -5- methyl anisole), 3,5- dimethoxytoluene (3,5-dimethyl-oxytoluene), safrole, methyl eugenol, asarone, myricetin and elemene. β-Myristine, β-terpinene, 3,4-dimethyl-2,4,6-octtriene (3,4-dimethyl-2,4,6-octachlorobenzene), epichlorohydrin. Pentadecane (Pen-tadecane), β- bisabolene (β-bisabolene), 2- methoxysafrole (croweacin), kakuol, asarone, N- isobutyl dodecylamine. In addition, it also contains heme.

2. The whole herb (dried product) of Asarum in Hubei contains 2.6% volatile oil, and the components in the volatile oil are α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene and geranium. Eme), Borneolum Syntheticum, 4- terpineol.

(terpinene -4- ol), a- terpineol (a- terpineol), esTCMLIBagole, naphthalene.

(Naphthalene), 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (3,5-dimethoxytoluene), safrole, n-pentadecane, methyl eugenol (methyl).

Eugenol), 2- methoxysafrole, asarone, myricetin, elemene, α-safrole,

Surisan (sarisan).

3. The volatile oil 1.0% in the whole grass (dry) of Asari Seoul Grass (produced in Liaoning). Methyl eugenol and safrole were separated from the volatile oil.

Besides asarone and cineole, it also contains α -pinene (α-

Pinene), camphene, β-pinene, myrcene,

Sabine, limonene, 1, 8- cineole, p-cymene, borneol, α-terpineol.

A- hydroxy -p- cymene (p- cymene -a-ol), esTCMLIBagole, 2- isopropyl -5- methyl anisole, bornyl acetate, 3,5- dimethoxy.

efficacy

Dispelling cold and expelling wind; Pain relief; Warming the lung and dissolving the drink; Understand things

Do textual research

From Shennong's Herbal Classic.

1. "Upp Materia Medica": Asarum is like sunflower leaves, red, and one leaf is connected. Rooting in March and August.

2. "Bielu": Asarum, living in Huayin Valley. Roots are picked in February and August and dried in the shade.

3. Materia Medica: Asarum is everywhere today, but it is not as real as Huazhou. Its roots are thin and very pungent, hence the name Asarum. Now the most popular ones are Du Heng and Du Heng, so you should carefully distinguish your ears when using them. Du Hengchun first grows seedlings on the perennial roots, with horseshoe-shaped leaves, two or three inches high, stems as thick as wheat stalks, five or seven leaves or eight or nine leaves per stem, and no branches. Purple flowers are stuck on the heads of reeds in leaves and stems, and their flowers seem invisible. The pavilion is as strong as a bean, with broken seeds in the nest, like a fairy, and the seedlings are green and green, which will wither after frost. Its roots form a nest, shaped like a rice broom, four or five inches long and yellow and white. Wei Xinjiang and Huai called it horseshoe incense, which was misused by many people, so it was explained in detail.

Classification of families and genera

aristolochiaceae

Pharmacology (toxicology)

The volatile oil of asarum has an exciting effect on frogs, mice and rabbits. At first, it was, then it was paralyzed, gradually reducing voluntary movement and respiratory movement, disappearing at the same time, and finally died of respiratory paralysis. Breathing stops before heartbeat, which has a direct inhibitory effect on myocardium and smooth muscle. The ethanol extract of rabbits can antagonize the respiratory depression caused by morphine. The LD50 of mice were 123.75 mg and 7.78 mg/10 g respectively. The alcohol extract of asarum is more toxic than the decoction.

The median lethal dose of asarum oil injected intraperitoneally in mice was 65438±0.2±0.04ml/kg/kg. The lethal dose of methyl eugenol to mice was 456.67 43.43 mg/kg. Three monkeys were injected with methyl eugenol 30.8mg/kg intravenously, and continued to be administered for 30 minutes after anesthesia, with an average total dose of 90mg/kg, and the anesthesia time was maintained for 30 minutes after drug withdrawal. Hemogram, liver and renal function were examined 24 hours and 72 hours after administration. Results Except for the slight increase of white blood cells, other indexes were normal. Two dogs and two monkeys were injected with methyl eugenol intravenously, and the total doses were 198. 1mg/kg and 136.6mg/kg respectively. After 24 hours, the blood picture, liver and kidney function were examined. As a result, white blood cells and urea nitrogen increased slightly, and urea nitrogen returned to normal after 72 hours of administration. Five dogs were injected with methyl eugenol 50mg/kg intravenously every day for 3 days. On the fourth day, they were killed and dissected. Heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, pancreas, stomach, intestine and brain were taken for pathological examination. The results showed no pathological changes.

therapy

Wind-cold exterior syndrome; Headache and toothache; Rheumatalgia; Cough and asthma due to turbid phlegm; Nasal congestion; Deep nose; aphtha

ecological environment

1. Born in wet and fertile land in downhill forests or canyons.

2. Born in humid humus soil under the forest.

3. Born under the forest and in the valley.

Various exhibitions

1. Gaoli: Asarum, treating exterior evils, so Zhongjing used Mahuang Fuzi Asarum Decoction to treat yin deficiency syndrome.

2. Outline: Asarum, pungent and warm, can disperse, so it is suitable for people with wind-cold, rheumatism, headache, excessive phlegm, chest obstruction and epilepsy. For patients with aphtha, laryngitis and dental diseases, it can dissipate floating heat, which will lead to hair loss. Xin can spread lung, and is suitable for people with cough due to wind-cold and excessive internal heat. Xin can tonify the liver, so the gallbladder is insufficient, so it is suitable for epilepsy and eye diseases. Xin can moisten dryness, so it is suitable for astringents.

3. "Materia Medica": Asarum, wind medicine also. The wind goes up, pungent is next to it, and warm is divergent, so it is mainly used for cough, headache, brain movement, rheumatism, arthralgia and muscle death. Obstruction of muscles and tendons is caused by dampness or wind-cold at the same time. Wind energy can dispel dampness, warm and dispel cold, and stimulate resuscitation, so it can treat the above-mentioned wind-cold-dampness syndrome. Bielu also said that warming the middle warmer, lowering qi, breaking phlegm and opening the chest, removing laryngitis, hypogalactia, hyperhidrosis, blood deficiency, benefiting the liver and gallbladder, and dispersing essence and qi can all promote pungent dispersion and enlighten the mind. It is said that long-term use can improve eyesight and benefit nine orifices, and there will be no reason. How can I take it for a long time? Asarum is dry and divergent, even if it is used as a wind medicine, it should not exceed five points, because it has a strong taste and is too strong.

4. "Drug meaning": Asarum, if cold evil enters, but in the Yin meridian, it appears from the inside. With Jiuwei Notopterygium Decoction, cold evil can be quickly dissipated. Because of its pungent smell, it can rise. After eating Xiong Xin soup, I was ashamed and afraid of the sun after treating my eye pain, and it was difficult to open my eyes. Combined with Tongqiao decoction, dispersing lung and dredging orifices. Assisting Wei Qing decoction to dispel stomach heat and stop toothache. This hot medicine is added to cold medicine to take medicine instead of helping.

5. New Edition of Materia Medica: Asari should use less, not more, or use it together, not alone. Repeated use will lead to increased gas consumption and pain, and single use will lead to failure and death. Asarum yang medicine also rises but does not fall, although it warms the fire of kidney, it does not warm the water of kidney. When the fire gets angry, asarum warms the fire, causing the fire to rise, so you can't use your ears more. Or ask: Asarum disperses people's true qi, why can a headache be effective instead? The hijab is the first of six Yang. When the clear gas rises and the turbid gas falls, the leader is refreshed. Only turbid qi rises, clear qi falls, and the head is heavy and painful. Asarum is clear but not turbid, and it is good at reducing turbidity and ascending clarity, so it treats headaches like a god. However, the taste is pungent and the nature is scattered, so it must be supplemented with blood-enriching drugs to make the qi get blood but not disperse.

6. "Hundred Kinds of Materia Medica": Asarum, with qi as the rule. Anyone who smells the medicine can dispel pathogenic wind. Asarum is full of gas, strong in flavor and more powerful in evacuation. Moreover, the wind must carry cold, but it is hot and cold, while asarum is warm and can drive away cold, so it can dispel wind evil from top to bottom and is everywhere.

7. "Changsha Drug Solution": Asari, astringent, relieving cough, dispelling cold, drying dampness, turbulence, clearing airway, boiling water, warming dryness, benefiting lung and stomach obstruction, benefiting water, moistening large intestine, facilitating urination, being good at reducing adverse reactions and specifically stopping cough. Its main indications, such as collecting tears, relieving nasal congestion, removing halitosis, removing toothache, dredging meridians, etc., all have the functions of relieving depression, breaking the knot, rushing down and descending the adverse.

8. Classic Shuzheng: Asarum herb, where the breath is cold, depends on the essence and blood fluid to defecate and spit on the patient, and can be dragged out to separate them from each other, so that the essence and blood fluid of defecation and spitting will return to normal state, and the breath is cold and self-contained. For example, in the classics, cold depends on drinking in the chest; Headache and brain movement, cold depends on the marrow of the brain; 100 joint contracture, wind-cold depends on the fluid of joint flexion and extension; Rheumatic arthralgia kills tendons, and cold depends on body fluid in tendons. By extension, there is body fluid everywhere, and where there is body fluid, there will be cold. Therefore, phlegm in the chest is stagnation, numbness in the throat, stagnation in the chest, epilepsy in the heart, water in the small intestine, sweating in the gas, and blood in the blood. This other road will always be the same as Benjing.

9. "Materia Medica Justice": Asarum, with the strongest fragrance, is good at relieving qi and relieving depression, but it can reach the top, benefit the eyes and ears, and be meticulous, reaching a hundred bones. Internal collateral dredging, joint dredging, external collateral direct to the skin. Zhenquan's theory of treating cough and removing skin rheumatism (arthralgia, cited as itching in Zhenghe Materia Medica) is still the same as this meridian. If the wind tears are cured, Qing Yang will no longer rise, and the wind will shed tears. Hongjing said that if you contain it to get rid of bad breath, then incense can be used to get rid of filth. But the breath is mostly caused by stomach fire, not its end. It's better to raise the soup and stop cooking it. Sea storage can moisten the liver and dry it, and the governor vessel is a disease, which strengthens the spine. Pressing: Du meridian is a kind of disease, which is purely the decline of essence and blood, and the collaterals are not nourished, which makes the spine strong and broken, which is called liver dryness. No problem. The congenital kidney yin is almost exhausted and it is difficult to be effective. Asarum is warm in nature, so it is necessary to dredge meridians to benefit Yang Qi. Stone stubborn means pungent and warm powder, which is used for all kinds of diseases such as wind-cold, rheumatism, headache, aphtha and laryngitis. It means that it can dissipate floating heat, which is also fire depression. The so-called depressed fire, if the fire is depressed inside and bound by the external cold, can not be vented, so the rising yang dissipates the fire, and its depression will resolve itself. If the fire is floating, it will be scattered by mistake.

10. Meridian: cough, headache, brain movement, rheumatalgia and muscle stagnation. Seeing clearly, benefiting nine orifices.

1 1. "Bielu": Warming the middle and lowering qi, breaking phlegm, benefiting waterways, removing laryngitis, epilepsy, and breast nodules during thoracotomy. Sweat can't come out, blood can't work, five internal organs are safe, liver and gallbladder are beneficial, and essence and qi are smooth.

12. Tao Hongjing: People with bad breath have many effects, which can eliminate phlegm and improve eyesight.

13. theory of medicinal properties: treating cough against qi, evil wind and thunder. Anxious hands and feet, safe internal organs, bravery, peeling, rheumatism and itching can stop wind and tears in eyes, improve eyesight, remove stagnation in chest cavity, remove toothache, promote blood circulation and discharge women's blood.

14. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": Treating cough, eliminating muscle sores and accumulating in the chest.

15. Materia Medica: Treating headache and facial wind pain.

16. "pearl capsule": mainly suffering from headache due to yin deficiency.

17. outline: treating sores on the mouth and tongue, dryness and depression of the ambassador, and initial trichiasis.

18. Herbal Xuan Tong: Treating headache caused by wind-cold-dampness and excessive phlegm.

19. "Ben Feng Jingyuan": Phlegm dampness is the main cause of fire, and nasal congestion is unfavorable.

Harvest and storage

Transplanting fields grow for 3-5 years, and direct seeding fields grow for 5-6 years to harvest. Dig out all the roots in mid-September, remove the soil, and put them in the shade for drying every 1-2kg/bundle, and then pack them into storage.

Allocation of resources

1. Distributed in Northeast China, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan and other places.

2. Distributed in Shaanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan and other places.

3. Distributed in Liaoning.

Party selection

Xiaoqinglong Decoction Treatise on Febrile Diseases; Ephedra Fuzi Decoction Treatise on Febrile Diseases; Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber"

Contraindications to drugs

Hyperhidrosis due to qi deficiency, headache due to blood deficiency, cough due to yin deficiency, etc. Materia Medica Jing Shu: Excess in the upper body and deficiency in the lower body, sweating due to qi deficiency, headache due to blood deficiency and cough due to yin deficiency are all prohibited. "Deserved Materia Medica": those with wind-heat and yin deficiency should not use it.

Animal and plant morphology

1. Perennial herbs in Asari. Root to side. The leaves are ovoid, heart-shaped or nearly kidney-shaped, 4-9cm long and 5- 13cm wide, with sharp or blunt apex, heart-shaped base, hairy upper veins, and sometimes sparsely short hairs, with dense hairs below; Bud leaves are almost round. Flowers purple-brown, thin purple-green; Pedicels are 3-5 cm long, with right-angled flowers at the top and upright fruits. The perianth tube is pot-shaped or hemispherical, with a diameter of about 65438±0cm, and the throat is slightly contracted. Perianth lobes are triangular ovoid, about 7mm long and 9mm wide, folded outward from the base and attached to the perianth tube. Stamens are inserted in the middle of ovary, filaments are often shorter than anthers, and connective is not prominent; Ovary semi-inferior or nearly superior, subglobose, style 6, apex 2-lobed, living on the side of head. The capsule is hemispherical with a diameter of about 65438 02 mm. It blooms in May and bears fruit in June-July.

2. Asari is a perennial herb. Rhizome erect or transverse, internode length 1-2cm. There are usually 2 leaves, and the petiole is 8- 18 cm long; Bud leaves and kidneys are round, and the edges are sparse; Leaf blade is heart-shaped or oval, 4- 1 1 cm long and 4.5- 13.5 cm wide, the apex is acuminate or acute, the base is deeply heart-shaped, short hairs are sparsely distributed on the upper part, and the veins are dense, and the lower part is hairy only on the veins. Flowers are purple and black; The flower stool is 2-4 cm long; The perianth tube is bell-shaped, with a diameter of 1- 1.5cm, and the inner wall has vertical alienation lines.

Ridge wrinkle; Perianth lobes triangular-ovate, erect or nearly spreading; Stamens are inserted in the middle of ovary, filaments are as long as anthers or slightly longer, connective is prominent and short-tapered; Ovary semi-inferior or nearly superior, spherical, with 6 flowers, short, 2-lobed apex and lateral stigma. Zucchini is nearly spherical, with a diameter of about 1.5cm, and its flowering period is April-May.

3. The Seoul variety of Asarum is similar to Asarum, but the short hairs on the back of leaves are dense and the petiole is sparse, which can be distinguished.

Adverse reactions and treatment

1. "Don't say anything about materia medica": If Herba Asari is used alone, don't spend more than half a penny, you will be unhappy, and those who are ineffective will die.

2. Notes on Treatise on Febrile Diseases: When water stops failing, the kidney is dry.

Efficacy classification

Warm drugs; Diuretics; Resuscitation drug

Medicinal plant cultivation

Biological characteristics like cold, humid environment, cold tolerance, suitable for growing in loose and fertile soil rich in humus, avoid strong light and drought. Clay and waterlogged depressions that are easy to accumulate water are not suitable for farming. Seeds belong to hypocotyl dormancy type. Studies have shown that embryos develop rapidly at 20-24℃, but grow and differentiate difficultly at 10- 13℃, and develop slowly at 15- 18℃. Long-rooted seeds need low humidity of 0-5℃ to break the dormancy of hypocotyls and emerge. The seed weight is 4.89 grams.

The cultivation techniques are mainly seed propagation and root propagation. Seed propagation: Sow in summer, harvest the fruit in the first half of June, and pile it indoors for 1-2 days. When the fruit becomes soft, remove the peel, wash the seeds and sow them in time. Do not store in dry conditions. Or short-term sand storage, sowing in July, drilling or hole sowing. According to the row spacing of 10- 12cm, the sowing width is 4-5cm, each row is sown with 120- 150 seeds, and 1hm2 seeds are about 60kg. It can be transplanted 2-3 years after sowing. Propagation by dividing roots: leave root strips at the top of rhizome. When planting, open holes at the row spacing of 30cmX20cm, and plant 2-3 rhizomes in each hole.

After field management, cover the border with a layer of 3-5 cm thick leaves or straw to keep the border moist. In case of drought during the growing season, water it properly for 2-3 times and loosen the soil in time. Since the beginning of June, the shed has been built for shade, and the light transmittance is 50%-60%. In the non-harvest season, buds should be picked in early spring. At the same time of loosening soil and weeding, the whole border and soil are cultivated. Top-dressing 2% calcium superphosphate solution outside the roots for 2-3 times during the growth period, applying organic fertilizer before freezing, and covering dead leaves or cold-proof soil.

Pests and diseases include Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and epidemic diseases. , and give priority to prevention, and disinfect the border surface with 1% copper sulfate before emergence. In early spring, carbendazim: diammonium chloride: water (1:kloc-0/:200) 2-4 kg/m2 can be used for root irrigation. Herba Asari and Saussurea involucrata can be used as poison bait or foliar spraying.

job operation

Remove impurities, spray water, cut into sections in time and dry. On the Roasting of Lei Gong: Anyone who makes asarum will take it, and Shuang Ye will do harm to others. You have to turn around and soak in the water all night until it oozes out, and then expose it to dry.

Identification of raw medicinal materials

Character identification (1) Asarum liaotungensis often curled up into a ball. The rhizome is irregular cylindrical, with a length of 1- 10cm and a diameter of 2-4 mm; The surface is grayish brown and rough.

Rough, jointed, internodes 2-3 mm long. The roots are slender and dense on the nodes, and the length is 1 0-20cm, about1mm; In diameter; The surface is grayish yellow; Fragile, easily broken, yellow-white cross section. The petiole of basal leaves is long and smooth. After flattening, the whole leaf is oval or kidney-shaped, with initial tip or blunt, and the embolism is deeply heart-shaped, with a length of 4-9cm and a width of 5- 13cm. The surface is dark green, with hairs on the upper veins and dense hairs on the lower veins. Occasionally, the flowers are purplish brown and hemispherical, and the perianth lobes are reflexed from the base and attached to the perianth tube. The smell is fragrant and the taste is spicy and slightly hemp.

(2) Asari is similar to Asari, but its rhizome is slender, with a length of 5- 15cm, a diameter of 1-3mm and an internode length of 0.2-1cm; Leaf blade thin, heart-shaped. The taste is very light.

(3) Asari in Seoul is very similar to Asari, but usually the hairs on the back of the leaves are dense and the petioles are hairy. The hair density of cultivated leaves changes greatly, which is difficult to distinguish from asarum.

Microscopic identification (1) The root cross section of Asarum liaotungensis: epidermis shedding. The cells in the outer cortex include calcium oxalate octahedron and bimorph; The cortex is broad, with oil cell offal; The inner cortex is obvious. The ratio of epidermis to stele is 4(-5.6): 1. Three prototypes of the primary essential part of thick roots; Fine root multi-two prototype. The parenchyma cells of this product contain starch granules.

Rhizome and root parts: 1 expels epidermal cells. Cortical cells have 16-2 1 row, and the lateral 2-3 rows are coarse horn groups.

Weaving; There are oil cells, fibers and stone cells. The inner cortex is obvious. There are usually 4-8 vascular bundles, with occasional fibers in phloem and fibers in xylem. Stone cells can be seen in the medulla. This product

The parenchyma cells contain starch granules, and occasionally small crystals of calcium oxalate can be seen.

Leaf surface view: the upper and lower epidermal cells are irregular, and the vertical wall is wavy and curved; Irregular stomata and round oil cells can be seen, and the non-glandular hair is 1-4.

Cells with wall warts on the surface. The length of non-glandular hairs on the upper epidermis is 48-100μ m. 32-40μ m in diameter; The non-glandular hairs of the lower epidermis are 60- 140μm long. 28-40μm in diameter. (2) No calcium oxalate crystal was found in the root of Asarum. Stone cells are rarely seen in rhizomes. The northern glandular hairs of leaves are mostly 3-7 cells. Non-glandular hairs on the upper epidermis are 88- 100μm in length and 36-44μm in diameter, while those on the lower epidermis are 100-280μm in length and 28-40μm in diameter. (3) The outer cortex cells of the root of Asarum in Seoul have several equal diameters. Primary xylem quaternary

Type. Sometimes fibers and stone cells can be seen near the pith of rhizomes. Epithelial non-glandular hair L-7 cells, length 160-240μm, diameter 40-50μ m; The lower epidermis contains 4-7 cells with a length of 280-360μm and a diameter of 28-36 μ m. ..

Drug application identification

It has a strong effect of dispersing heat, dispelling cold, warming honey, moistening lung and relieving cough. Asari and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae: pungent, used for exogenous cold, headache, toothache, rheumatic joint pain and nasal congestion. However, asarum is a medicine for inducing less yin meridians, and it also has the effects of warming meridians and dredging collaterals, warming lungs and relieving alcoholism; Good at treating cough and asthma; Angelica dahurica, as a channel-inducing drug of Yangming Meridian, has the function of detumescence and pus discharge, and is good at eliminating carbuncle.

Sexual taste

Xin; Temperature; mild toxicity

Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine

Physical and chemical identification (1) Take this product powder 1g, add 5ml of ether, shake well, extract15min, and filter. Take 1 ml filtrate and put it in an evaporating dish. After the ether volatilizes, add 1% vanillin concentrated sulfuric acid reagent, and the solution changes from light brown to brownish purple. (Check the volatile oil) (2) Take the volatile oil of this product by TLC, dilute it with ether into a solution of 1: 10, and take samples. In addition, 1, 8- oleosin, methyl eugenol, safrole and α-pinene were used as controls. The test solution and reference solution were spotted on a silica gel G thin display plate, developed with benzene-ethyl acetate (95: 5), developed with 65438±07.3cm, and developed with 65438 0% vanillin concentrated sulfuric acid test solution. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same color spots appeared at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference sample.

Quality mark: People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (version 1995) stipulates that the content of volatile oil in this product shall not be less than 2.0% (ml/g). The impurity content shall not exceed 65438 0%. The total ash content shall not exceed 12.0%.

Source of medicinal materials

It is the whole grass of the roots of the Aristolochiaceae plants Asarum liaoning, Asarum kitasarum and Asarum Seoul.

dosage

Oral administration: decoction,1.5-9g; End of study, 1-3g. External use: appropriate amount, grinding, blowing nose, ear plugging and umbilical application; Or decoct with water and rinse.

source

A cursive script