Facial make-up knowledge
● Understand the skin
Skin is the largest organ of human body, covering the body surface and having complex structure and shape.
It plays a protective role internally and plays a defensive role externally.
First, the texture and structure of the skin
Skin can be divided into three layers: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
● The thickest places are palms and soles.
● The thinnest is the eyelid.
□ Functions of epidermis and dermis
● The epidermis has the function of self-repair.
● Once the dermis is injured, it will be difficult to heal and leave scars.
1. epidermis
The epidermis is the thinnest cortex, and the facial epidermis consists of four layers, from outside to inside:
● stratum corneum
● Granular layer
● There are thorns.
● Basic layer
(1) epidermal basal layer
Basal layer: composed of basal cells and melanocytes, only 1 layer. It can produce melanin and protect the skin from ultraviolet rays. Cells have the ability to divide and proliferate.
(2) The epidermis has spinous layer.
Spiny layer: It is composed of spiny cells, accounting for most of the epidermis, and its main function is to transport nutrients.
(3) epidermal granular layer
Granular layer: composed of granular cells, it is the surface defense zone of skin. At this point, the cells have begun to age gradually.
(4) Epidermal stratum corneum
Cuticle: It is composed of 5- 10 layers of dead seedless keratinocytes, with a scaly structure and strong water absorption. It has an effect on metabolism. It can prevent water loss and infiltration. Strong friction resistance, can resist slight stimulation, and will fall off on its own.
Low water face.
The water content and oil content of stratum corneum are related to the beauty of face.
○ Water content accounts for 10-20%
○ Oil content accounts for 5-7%
When the water content of the face is less than the water content, fine lines will appear, but they can be eliminated by hydrating and moisturizing.
2. genuine leather
Dermal is 0/5 ~ 40 times larger than epidermis, and consists of collagen fibers and elastic fibers. The dermis contains hair follicles, hairy muscles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and other accessory organs.
● Fibrous tissue of dermis.
1) Collagen fiber is the main component of dermal tissue, which is thick and composed of collagen and arranged in horizontal bundles. Toughness and tensile strength, but lack of elasticity.
(2) Elastic fiber is a part of dermal tissue, and the fiber is thin, composed of elastin, and wound between collagen fibers in waves. Elastic fibers make the skin elastic and can be restored to its original state after stretching.
3. Subcutaneous tissue
Below the dermis is subcutaneous tissue, also known as subcutaneous fat layer, which contains sweat glands, hair balls, nerves, blood vessels and other ancillary organs.
Fat can protect the body, has the function of heat insulation and heat avoidance, and the amount of fat content is bound to make people slim and plump.
The fat content in men accounts for 15 of body weight? 20%, women account for about 20? 25%, so women are more hardy than men.
Second, the physiological function of the skin
1. Protection function 2. Sensory function 3. Regulatory function 4. Secretion and excretion function. Immune function 6. Absorption function 7. Metabolic function
Third, the growth cycle of the skin
● Growth period of 0 ~16 years old ●/maturity period of kloc-0/6 ~ 20 years old ● aging period after 20 years old.
The growth cycle of skin is not necessarily based on age, but will be advanced or postponed according to various factors such as heredity, environment, region, spirit, nutrition, physiology or pathology, maintenance and so on.
□ The story of age
(1) AD age (actual age)
(2) Emotional age (extroverts are young and depressed people are old)
(3) modify the age (people who pay attention to facial maintenance and physical maintenance are younger, but? Yellow-faced woman? Beer barrel? Will be old)
(4) Physiological age (young people with normal endocrine and regular diet)
□ skin aging cycle and characteristics after 20 years old
(1)20-25 years old: dry skin with laugh lines at the corners of the eyes and fine lines on the forehead and corners of the eyes;
(2)25-35 years old: wrinkles begin to appear around the lips, and crow's feet appear in the corners of the eyes;
(3)35-45 years old: the mandibular skin is loose, with spots and obvious wrinkles;
(4)45-55 years old: the skin is quite dry, wrinkles are obviously increased, pigmentation is also increased, and senile plaques appear;
(5) After the age of 55: the skin is rough, dry and slack, eyes droop, wrinkles and deep spots, and the characteristics of the elderly are obvious.
Proper maintenance and comprehensive conditioning can make facial skin 5- 10 years younger than the actual age.
Fourth, the metabolism of the skin
1. Metabolism: The whole process from cell growth to aging, death and shedding is called metabolism, and the cycle is 2 1 -28 days.
2. Performance of metabolism
(1) Normal metabolism: the skin surface is soft, smooth and fine.
(2) Abnormal metabolism: The skin looks rough, dry and pigmented, and it is easy to get facial sores.
Fifth, the protective film of skin-sebum film
Sebum membrane: Sebum secreted by sebaceous glands and sweat secreted by sweat glands are mixed on the skin surface to form a milky lipid membrane called sebum membrane. It has a certain protective effect on the skin.
Six, skin pH-pH value
In medicine and cosmetology, the pH value of skin is usually used to judge whether the skin is healthy or not.
Skin PH value
Neutral skin 4.8? 5.6
Partial dry skin 4.0? 5.0
Oily skin 5.6? 6.6
Professional knowledge of facial meridian massage
Beauty Function of Facial Meridian Massage
Relationship between meridians and viscera and skin
Meridian is a channel that runs the whole body's qi and blood, connects the viscera and limbs, communicates inside and outside, and regulates the tissues and organs of various parts of the body. They keep the functional activities of all parts of the human body relatively coordinated and balanced.
Meridians include meridians and collaterals. Meridian is the main part of meridian, which mostly runs in the deep and follows a certain channel. Collaterals are branches of meridians and have the meaning of network. Smaller than meridians, criss-crossing and shallow distribution.
The functions of channels and collaterals, such as communicating inside and outside, activating qi and blood, and regulating balance, are mainly reflected by the reaction of acupoints in clinic.
Meridian points (commonly known as acupoints) can play a role in regulating zang-fu organs and qi and blood through meridians, and stimulate the disease resistance in the body, thus achieving the purpose of preventing and treating diseases. Therefore, facial meridian massage is to stimulate relevant acupoints along meridians to achieve ideal results.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the invasion of exogenous pathogens on the human body is gradually introduced into the viscera from the meridians, from the outside to the inside. On the contrary, if the viscera is sick, it will also be reflected to the body surface through the meridians, which is the conduction function of the meridians.
People's skin is like a mirror, which can reflect the diseases of the internal organs of the body, that is to say, only when the body is healthy and sound can the skin be bodybuilding; If the internal organs are sick, the skin will also change.
Heart: the heart governs the blood vessels, and the heart is enlightened by the tongue, and the tongue is on the face, which has the function of promoting blood circulation.
Because the blood vessels in the head and face are abundant in different markets, the normal function of the heart dominating blood vessels has a great relationship with the beauty of the face.
When the heart is strong and the blood vessels are full and smooth, the facial skin is ruddy and shiny because of the nourishment of blood, which is called? Is it on the face? . If the spirit is insufficient and the blood is deficient, the face will be haggard and gloomy.
Lung: The lung is in charge of the functions of breathing and body fluid regulation. It is enlightened by the nose and covers the whole body skin. The nose is the entrance of the respiratory tract, and lung diseases will inevitably lead to nasal diseases.
Because the lung has the function of regulating body fluid, it can control and nourish the skin, so the weakness of lung qi deficiency will inevitably cause dry skin.
Spleen: Spleen governs transport and transformation, and has the physiological function of transforming Shui Gu (food) into fine substances and transporting the whole body. The transport function of spleen can be divided into two aspects: transporting Shui Gu and transporting water and liquid.
Spleen can digest and absorb Shui Gu, which is necessary to maintain human life activities and nourish skin and hair-qi and blood, so Chinese medicine has it? What are the sources of spleen strength and blood biochemistry? It is said that if the spleen is blocked, the qi and blood are insufficient, and the body is not nourished, there will be symptoms such as listlessness, yellow complexion, sparse hair, dry skin and emaciation.
According to modern medicine, anyone suffering from digestive system diseases can't keep his skin smooth due to poor gastrointestinal function and absorption disorder of vitamins and protein, so his face is dull, his skin is rough and dull, and he is prone to acne.
Liver: The main physiological function of the liver is to excrete and store blood. The liver governs the discharge, which is an important link to smooth the whole body qi and promote the operation of blood and body fluid. The release function of the liver is mainly manifested in three aspects: regulating qi, regulating emotions and promoting spleen and stomach transport.
If the liver qi is not discharged and qi stagnation and blood stasis are found on the face, chloasma, dull complexion, dullness and premature aging will appear.
Kidney: Kidney governs storing essence. Can you hide the nature of your biological parents, can you? Hidden in the essence of the five internal organs? . Essence is the basic substance that constitutes the human body. It can generate kidney qi, warm the five internal organs, make the five internal organs function normally, and make qi and blood vigorous.
The key to human growth, development and aging lies in the rise and fall of kidney qi. The normal function of five internal organs and the rise and fall of qi and blood are closely related to the function of kidney storing essence.
Deficiency of kidney qi can lead to dull complexion, dark spots, freckles, chloasma and premature aging.
Kidney has? Is Qihua in her hair? In short, the kidney qi is insufficient, and the hair is dry, white, dull and easy to fall off.