The feeding method of laying hens is 1. After autumn, cold and warm air alternate. For hens that have been laying eggs for a long time, it is easy to stop production and molt if their physical strength is exhausted. At this time, it is necessary to improve the nutritional level of the diet, and appropriately supplement animal protein feed and various. Replace transitional feed and feed 20-week-old hens with feed before laying eggs, also called transitional feed.
2. Control the chickens. While replacing the transition materials, special attention should be paid to the uniformity of chicken development. It is best to keep large, medium and small backup hens separately, and it will take 3 weeks to show the effect. Don't be too hasty Lightweight chickens should not be fed more than medium-sized chickens, so as not to affect sexual maturity due to fat deposition.
3. Strictly control the temperature of the henhouse. The henhouse should be dry and well ventilated. Make the air in the henhouse fresh and odorless.
4. Adjust relative humidity and ventilation. The relative humidity in the henhouse is required to be 55% ~ 65%, which can be reduced to about 50% after 4 weeks. The humidity should not be too high, otherwise the chicks will lose appetite and be weak, thus delaying sexual maturity and starting production. If the ventilation is poor, the harmful gas in the air will increase, the humidity will increase and the oxygen content will decrease, which will make the backup hens stunted and postpone the opening date.
5. Control and adjust lighting to supplement artificial lighting. In autumn, the natural light is gradually shortened, the light time is short, and it takes a long time to reach sexual maturity. Therefore, light supplement should be started after 15 weeks to meet the needs of chicken sexual maturity. When the natural light of laying hens is insufficient 12 hours, especially after the end of September, it is more convenient to increase the artificial light 1 ~ 14 hours, and supplement it twice in the morning and evening.
6. Provide enough clean drinking water. Newborn hens need water very much. Generally, a hen needs about100g of water every day.
Therefore, laying hens must not be short of water every day. It is best to use flowing water tank for water supply, which can supply 2 ~ 3 times of light salt water every week to improve the physique of laying hens and increase the feed intake. You can also add carrot or turquoise feed to improve the level of protein.
Factors affecting the laying performance of laying hens The environmental control of laying hens mainly includes two parts: inside and outside the henhouse. The internal environment control of chicken house mainly includes ventilation, light, feed, drinking water, temperature, humidity, density, and choosing chickens and eggs.
Ventilation Regardless of the size of the henhouse and the number of chickens raised, it is essential to keep the air in the henhouse fresh and well ventilated. This problem is particularly important in high-density chicken houses. Because of poor ventilation, a large number of harmful gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide will be released at any time, which will overflow the whole henhouse, affect the normal growth and egg laying of chickens and cause many diseases. Therefore, in production, there should be floor-to-ceiling windows at the bottom of the henhouse, large windows in the middle, and hood exhaust pipes on the roof. It is open in summer, and the central window can be closed in winter, leaving only the floor-to-ceiling window and the exhaust pipe on the roof. An exhaust fan can also be installed in the middle to quickly remove the dirty air in the house in winter. Pay close attention to the ventilation system in winter, and don't cause thief wind or lower the temperature in the house too low, so as to reduce feed consumption and prevent various diseases.
Light has a great influence on the laying performance of chickens. Reasonable light can stimulate ovulation, promote the normal growth and development of chickens, and improve egg production. In production, from the 20th week of laying hens, artificial supplementary light was used, and the light was increased for half an hour every week until it reached 16 hours. After that, ensure the effective illumination of 16 hours every day until 4 weeks before the chickens are eliminated, and then gradually increase the illumination time to 17 hours until the chickens are eliminated. Artificial lighting is the best every morning before dawn. When the light is filled, the building area per square meter in the house is 3? 5 watts is suitable. The lamp is about 2 meters from the ground, and it is best to install a lampshade to focus light. The distance between lights is about 3 meters, which can ensure the uniform illumination of the whole room.
Laying hens are mostly fed with dry powder, and the feeding frequency is 1 day. 2 times, if the first feeding is at 3 pm, it is better; If it is fed twice, it should be fed once at 9: 00 am and once at 3: 00 pm. The daily feeding amount is generally per chicken 100? 120g, and the feeding amount should be appropriately increased or decreased according to the weight change, so as not to affect egg laying. In order to keep the chicken's strong appetite, it is necessary to ensure a certain amount of empty slot time every day. On the one hand, it can prevent the feed from being moldy in the trough for a long time, on the other hand, it can prevent chickens from having the bad habit of anorexia and picky eaters.
Drinking water is very important for chicken production, and the consequences of water shortage are often more serious than the lack of materials. Water participates in the whole metabolic process of the body and plays an irreplaceable role in regulating body temperature, nutrition operation, digestion and absorption, and waste removal. The water content of normal eggs is above 70%, and each chicken needs to drink 220? 380 ml, lack of drinking water, reduced feed intake of chickens, affecting normal growth and development, at least reducing the laying rate by 2%; Poor water quality can also lead to a decline in egg production rate and egg weight. Therefore, it is necessary to provide laying hens with sufficient and clean drinking water in time, preferably tap water.
What is the best temperature for chicken? 23℃, too high or too low temperature is not conducive to spawning. To maintain a suitable temperature in the henhouse, we should pay attention to the ventilation of the henhouse in summer. We can increase the power of the ventilator, change the transverse ventilation into longitudinal tunnel ventilation, increase the wind speed flowing through the chicken body, and take away the heat generated by the chicken body in time. If water spraying, sprinkling and properly reducing the feeding density are combined, the temperature in the henhouse can be reduced more effectively. In winter, we should keep warm. The doors and windows of the henhouse should be covered with grass curtains at night or in snowy days, which is conducive to raising the temperature inside the house. We can also build a wind-proof wall with corn stalks outside the north wall of the henhouse and pile hay to keep out the wind and keep out the cold. Rice husk and sawdust can also be added to the ceiling as a cold-proof layer.
The optimum humidity is 60? 70%。 If the humidity in the house is too low, the laying hens will be dull, their feathers will be disordered, their skin will be dry, their feathers and beak and claws will be dim, and it will easily cause chicken dehydration and respiratory diseases. The thermal conductivity of humid air is 10 times that of dry air. If the humidity in the house is too high in winter, it will increase the heat emitted by the chicken and make it colder. If the indoor humidity is too high in summer, it will limit the moisture discharged into the air when chickens breathe, pollute chickens, make bacteria multiply in large numbers, easily lead to various diseases and reduce egg production. In production, measures such as strengthening ventilation and placing quicklime blocks indoors can be taken to reduce indoor humidity.
The density of laying hens should not be too high, and the suitable density is: 6 light breeds per square meter, 5 medium breeds per square meter, and 8 light chickens per square meter online. 10, medium-sized chicken 7? 8. The cage density is generally 2? Four times.
The selection of chickens should be carried out when the laying rate of chickens reaches 50%. At this time, chickens with poor growth and development, dry and shriveled cockscomb, beautiful feathers and obvious dark yellow head, beak and gaskin should be selected. Poor vitality and unhealthy chickens; Select and eliminate chickens that have accumulated a lot of fat in their bellies. This can not only reduce feed consumption, but also reduce the spread of diseases and purify the environment of chicken houses.
Picking eggs in time and creating an egg-free environment can improve the laying rate of chickens. The peak of spawning is generally 3? 4 hours, the egg production in the afternoon accounts for 20% of the egg production in the whole day. 30%, eggs should be picked in time according to the laying time and quantity, usually twice a day and three times in summer.
Environmental control outside the house: firstly, do a good job of environmental disinfection, spray with 2% caustic soda solution regularly, set a disinfection pool at the door, and then remove weeds outside the chicken house in time, because pathogenic microorganisms may attach to it, causing unexpected losses to you. Third, plant some trees, vines and lawns outside the henhouse without affecting the ventilation of the henhouse. The photosynthesis of these plants absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, which lowers the ambient temperature in summer 10? 20%, reduce thermal radiation by 80%, and reduce bacterial content by 22? 79%, dust removal 35? 67%, deodorizing 50%, reducing toxic and harmful gases by 25%, preventing strong wind and noise, effectively improving the climate outside the henhouse, and fourthly, preventing the occurrence of various stress factors. Especially in the peak period of laying eggs, its production intensity is greater, its physiological burden is heavier, its living ability tends to decline, and its resistance is poor. Under stress, the growth and development of chickens will be hindered, the feed consumption will increase, the egg production will drop sharply, the mortality will increase, and it is difficult to return to the original level after the egg production drops. Therefore, to keep the henhouse and its surrounding environment quiet, breeders should wear fixed work clothes, and idlers are not allowed to enter the henhouse; Block the rat hole in the henhouse and regularly put drug bait outside the henhouse to kill rats; Prevent cats, dogs, mice, etc. From entering the henhouse; Fireworks and firecrackers are strictly prohibited around the henhouse; Feed processing, loading and unloading should be far away from the henhouse, which can not only prevent noise stress, but also prevent cross-infection of diseases in chickens.