Functional rehabilitation exercise: (1). Muscle strength and joint range of motion training: it is to enhance muscle strength, adjust muscle tension and increase joint range of motion. Methods include passive training, active exercise and power-assisted exercise, and individual patients who can't move can use conscious exercise. (2) Balance and walking training: including sitting and standing balance, supported and unsupported, static and dynamic balance, etc. The balance training of patients should be carried out according to the different stages and degrees of paralysis recovery, and walking training can only be carried out after standing and balancing. Training should be gradual, and excessive exercise is not allowed, so as not to cause new injuries. (3) Daily life training: personal washing, walking, changing clothes, etc. Occupational therapy: purposefully train patients to restore their daily life ability, social adaptability and working ability as much as possible. Such as chess, abacus, table tennis, reading, writing, embroidery and so on. Swallowing disorder training: practice chewing and swallowing movements. Speech therapy: mouth training and lip function training (such as pronunciation). Physical therapy: such as acupuncture, electrotherapy, magnetic therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Psychological obstacle rehabilitation: Psychological nursing is effective nursing according to various psychological obstacles and behavioral abnormalities that have appeared or may appear in stroke patients. Family members should communicate with patients with sincere feelings, understand patients and master their adaptability, personality and psychological state at different stages. Through the material help, comfort and encouragement to patients' psychology, we can influence and change patients' abnormal psychological state and behavior. Give praise and spiritual encouragement to patients for any slight progress. Patients themselves should also pay attention to self-psychological adjustment, maintain a good state of mind and emotional stability, treat diseases correctly, maintain a happy and optimistic mood, actively cooperate with treatment, concentrate on treatment, and eliminate distractions; We should also adhere to active or passive exercise according to the condition and do what we can. Matters needing attention in family rehabilitation of stroke patients with hemiplegia: patients should treat their illness with a scientific attitude, closely cooperate with hospital treatment, strengthen physical exercise, fight the disease with tenacious will and confidence, and family members should create a good family environment and harmonious atmosphere, which is very important for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Patients' family rehabilitation should pay more attention to the following aspects: adequate sleep: sleep can make the human body get adequate rest and is an important method to prevent fatigue and restore physical strength. So go to bed on time, start regularly, and ensure enough sleep for more than 8 hours. Adequate rest: Stroke patients should ensure adequate rest to relieve physical and mental fatigue, restore physical strength and avoid recurrence of stroke. Avoid excessive physical or mental work. Moderate exercise: "Life lies in exercise", which is helpful for blood circulation, physical fitness and disease resistance. There are many forms of exercise, such as Qigong, Tai Ji Chuan and aerobics, but the simplest one is walking. Generally, it is about 15 minutes each time, 2-3 times a day, with slow speed and slight sweating, and the heart rate is1120 times per minute. During exercise, if there are abnormal symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, palpitation, nausea, vomiting, etc. Stop exercising immediately. Mental adjustment: Stroke patients with hemiplegia are often accompanied by mental and emotional changes, such as tension, sadness, anxiety, irritability, irritability, excitability and fear. These bad emotions can easily aggravate the condition and lead to the recurrence of stroke. Therefore, under the guidance of doctors, we must cultivate optimistic and happy emotions and maintain a good mental state. Quit smoking and drinking: Because smoking and drinking are risk factors and important incentives for stroke recurrence. Pay attention to weather changes to prevent colds and heatstroke. Proper drinking water: Most stroke patients are not sensitive to thirst, so it is necessary to develop proper drinking habits. Especially after getting up in the morning and exercising during the day, we should pay attention to drinking water to replenish the water discharged by sweating and breathing and ensure the relative balance of water content in the blood. What problems should stroke patients pay attention to in rehabilitation exercise? Only proper exercise can have a good effect. Therefore, stroke patients should pay attention to the following principles when carrying out rehabilitation exercise: (1) Insist on exercising at least once a day and persevere. Otherwise, the effect of exercise is not easy to consolidate. (2) Step by step: gradually increase the difficulty and amount of exercise. (3) Suitable for different people: Choose appropriate exercise methods and activities according to their respective illness and physical condition. (4) Combination of work and rest: you can't rush for success. Especially patients with cardiovascular diseases should pay more attention. Prevent heartbeat acceleration (no more than 140 beats per minute) and arrhythmia, and prevent hypertension (no more than 26.6/6 kPa); Avoid holding your breath and overexertion. If muscle tension occurs after exercise, it means that the amount of exercise is too large and should be reduced appropriately. 5] Pay attention to safety and prevent accidents. [6] Strengthen the exercise of normal limb and trunk function to replace the function of residual limb. Once to prevent disuse syndrome, prevent shoulder stiffness, limb contracture deformity and other sequelae. Equipped with artificial limbs and orthoses. Installing artificial limbs for amputees can restore their self-care and working ability to a certain extent. Wearing proper orthoses for some patients with limb deformity and abnormal movement can prevent the further development of deformity and compensate functional activities. For patients with walking difficulties, crutches can be equipped. Levies in daily life function training, learn to use auxiliary equipment and simple tools. ⑽ Exercise according to the principle of rehabilitation of nervous system diseases. At first, exercise should be small, and functional training should be started a few weeks after illness. How should families take care of stroke patients with hemiplegia? The living environment should be quiet, bright, comfortable and ventilated. Light diet, fresh vegetables, ensure adequate vitamins and protein's supplement; Clothes should be loose, neither too cold nor too hot; Some habits and hobbies of patients, as long as they do not hinder rehabilitation and affect physical and mental health, should be kept as much as possible, such as listening to light music, raising birds and flowers, and enjoying calligraphy and painting. How to help stroke patients take a bath? Stroke patients are paralyzed, so it is helpful to keep their skin clean and prevent skin infection and bedsore to take a bath and change clothes frequently. Moreover, bathing can stimulate blood circulation and enhance physical fitness. Bedridden patients take a bath mainly by rubbing, first with a wet towel, then with a towel dipped in soapy water, then with a wet towel, and finally with a big bath towel. Take a bath step by step, first wash the face and upper limbs, then wash the chest, abdomen and back; After changing the water, basin and towel, take off your pants and scrub your perineum, and finally scrub your lower limbs. When scrubbing, pay attention to the indoor temperature should be kept at 22 ~ 24℃, and pay attention to add or replace hot water at any time. Pay attention to taking off, scrubbing and dressing at the same time to reduce excessive exposure of the body and prevent catching cold. Changing the patient's clothes is light and handy. Take off one side of the clothes (usually the healthy side first) and put on clean clothes immediately. How to care for paralysis caused by stroke, mostly hemiplegia, or one limb paralysis, two attacks involving bilateral limb paralysis. Patients are often accompanied by language disorders, often choking due to bulbar palsy, or have a certain degree of mental decline. It is necessary to strengthen the care of patients, so as to: (1) maintain the functional position of limbs: the knuckles of paralyzed limbs should be straight and slightly flexed, and a sponge ball can be placed in the hands of patients; Elbow joint slightly flexes, upper limb shoulder joint slightly abducts, avoiding joint adduction, hip extension and knee extension; In order to prevent foot drop, the ankle joint should be slightly dorsiflexed; To prevent external rotation of lower limbs, sandbags or other supports should be placed outside. (2) Strengthen the activities of paralyzed limbs, including physical massage, passive activities, sitting up, standing and walking exercises. , can prevent limb contracture and deformity. (3) Prevention of complications: Due to the movement and sensory disturbance of paralyzed limbs, the local blood vessels and nerves are poorly nourished. If the compression time is long, it is easy to cause compressive ulcers-bedsores. Therefore, we should pay attention to changing body position, generally turn over every 2 hours 1 time, gently massage the pressed part, or massage with safflower alcohol to improve local blood circulation. Beds should be dry and flat, and maintain good personal hygiene. You can take a bath, but keep warm to prevent colds. When turning over, pat your back properly, encourage expectoration and prevent pneumonia. Water should be sufficient in summer, and vegetables and fruits rich in cellulose and vitamins should be selected to ensure adequate nutrition. Develop the habit of defecation and prevent constipation. Give 1 cup of hot drink before breakfast (hot water, tea, milk or coffee can be used according to the habit), which can promote the increase of intestinal peristalsis and stimulate the rectal defecation reflex. In order to promote defecation, you can also massage the abdomen, from the lower right abdomen to the upper right, to the upper left abdomen, and then to the lower left abdomen, and massage it repeatedly for 5 ~ 10 times to promote peristalsis of the upper colon and help defecation. (4) Training of self-care ability and professional ability: When paralysis improves, patients should actively exercise their daily life ability; Medical staff and their families should give correct guidance and enthusiastic help, and encourage patients to do what they can, such as undressing, washing their faces and eating. How to arrange the diet nutrition of hemiplegic patients? Stroke patients are prone to constipation because of their long-term bed rest, physical activity is obviously reduced, gastrointestinal peristalsis is relatively weakened, and digestive and absorption functions are reduced. Therefore, we should pay attention to the following points when nursing paralyzed patients: (1) The diet should be nutritious and easy to digest, and must meet the needs of protein, vitamins, inorganic salts and total heat energy. (2) Drink more water and eat more semi-liquid food. Paralysis patients should have enough water supply. Drinking 1 ~ 2 cups of normal saline in the morning can prevent constipation. Daily diet should also be lean, with rice and soup, and often eat porridge. For a few people who don't want to drink water, you can eat some juicy fresh fruit properly. Drinking more soup can prevent constipation and urinary system infection. (3) In order to increase gastrointestinal peristalsis, the food should not be too fine, and foods with high fiber content should be eaten properly to prevent defecation. (4) Avoid strong tea, wine, coffee and spicy food. (5) According to the reasons of paralysis, diet adjustment should be avoided; Control the intake of salt, animal fat and foods containing more cholesterol (such as eggs, animal offal and fat meat, etc.). ) and increase foods rich in B vitamins. (6) Stroke patients with hemiplegia should also pay attention to: eat less or even no animal oil, and it is best to eat vegetable oil (such as peanut oil, soybean oil and vegetable oil). ); Eat more fresh vegetables and beans, bean products and fruits; Eat more seafood and iodine-containing foods; Eat some animal protein, egg white and lean meat appropriately; Remove the milk skin when drinking milk; Eat properly at every meal and don't overeat; Excessive drinking is not advisable.