In ancient China, the way of keeping in good health was rich in content and elaborate. By practicing fitness, diet and fitness, self-cultivation, calming the mind and nourishing the body, regulating qi and fitness, etc. , you can achieve the purpose of "rest".
The basic principle of ancient medical health preservation in China is that people should conform to the laws of nature. For example, in spring, there should be a kind of vitality, but in winter, it should not be too ostentatious and divergent, and everything is in the dark. Chinese medicine also advocates that health care varies from time to time, from place to place and from person to person.
Under the guidance of the basic principles of health care, China's original health care technology has been gradually established through successive dynasties, and has been continuously developed and improved, and finally formed a variety of cultivation techniques such as dynamic health care, diet health care, self-cultivation and mental health care.
The so-called dynamic health preservation, Chinese medicine believes that "people want to work hard in shape, and all diseases cannot be achieved." Therefore, the ancients groped for and formed dynamic forms such as Qigong, Tai Ji Chuan and Baduan Wujinqinqiang in medical and life practice, so as to keep fit and prolong life.
Qigong used to be called guiding, activating qi, practicing, keeping in good health and breathing.
During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, people in China began to practice Qigong. Based on the theory of "Meridian" and "Qigong", it achieves the purpose of strengthening the body, prolonging life and preventing and eliminating diseases mainly by controlling mental activities, adjusting breathing and assisting certain movements.
This proves that China has invented Qigong for more than 3,000 years and is the earliest country in the world.
The ancient medical book Huangdi Neijing is rich in health-preserving ideas, and its basic principle is "following nature and keeping healthy qi". The main points are:
"yin and yang are the foundation of the law", that is, it conforms to the weather and the climate of the four seasons to preserve health and vitality, and advocates "nourishing yang in spring and summer and nourishing yin in autumn and winter";
"Harmony and Numerology" advocates sports, fitness guidance, massage, qigong, and everything;
"Proper diet" includes diet and five flavors.
"Life should be regular, don't act rashly" refers to the four-season work and rest system and moderate work and rest to prevent "patients from overusing";
"Desperate nothingness", pay attention to psychological adjustment. At the same time, I have realized that it is impossible to live forever. The limit of life, that is, the year of life, is to "live to be a hundred years old".
"Zhuangzi" said: "It's just a matter of longevity to get rid of the old and get the new, and bears will be rewarded by birds; Those who lead this way are also those who hold up the shape. "
"Getting rid of the old and absorbing the new" refers to Qigong, and "Bears pass by and birds are suitable" means telling people to climb like bears and look around like birds. These two methods are guidance,
Guidance is the "guidance" mentioned in Zhuangzi, which is a unique health care method in China, and it has been popular in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to archaeological findings, a volume of "Guide Map" with 44 images unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha City, Hunan Province is the earliest guide image data found in China and the earliest existing medical gymnastics map in the world.
The men, women and children in the guide map, some with bare backs, some wearing clothes, some with bare hands, some holding sticks and objects, some imitating the posture of the bear monkey and jackal, and some imitating the movements of a long He Pengying.
There is the word "inkpad" in the text description of breathing action depicted in the guide map, which refers to breathing. In ancient times, "singing the soul" meant singing on the back. The shape of the picture is to expand the chest and raise your hands backwards. Its action is to strengthen the exercise of cardiopulmonary function.
In the guide map, except for a few squats and kneels, everything else is vertical. At present, the eight movements in the fifth set of broadcasting exercises in China basically summarize the essence of the map. For example, the upper limb movements are "dragon lantern", chest expansion movements are "yin quenching", body side movements are "mantis", abdomen and back movements are "full upright" and jumping movements are "neck collar".
In addition to unarmed exercises, the guide map also found the use of stick and stick movements, bending movements and holding sticks with both hands. The text says "connecting Yin and Yang with literature". The word "Wen" here refers to beating with a stick. There is also the twisting action with the ball under your feet, which is also the form of instrument action.
The text of "Guide Map" directly mentions 12 items such as "annoyance", "pain", "deafness" and "fever", which shows that the guide map is not only related to knee pain of limbs, abdomen of digestive system, ears and ears of five senses, but also related to the treatment of some infectious diseases.
Tai Ji Chuan is also the main content of fitness. Tai Ji Chuan comprehensively absorbed the famous boxing methods in Ming Dynasty, especially Qi Jiguang's 32-style long fist, combined with ancient techniques such as guidance and breathing, and paid attention to the traditional theory of Yin and Yang and the theory of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine, making Tai Ji Chuan a unique health care movement in China.
Baduanjin is an excellent traditional health care method in China, which was formed in12nd century. After that, many unique practice methods and styles were formed, with simple movements and remarkable effects.
The ancients compared the movements of Baduanjin to "brocade", which means that the movements stretch beautifully and are as beautiful and supple as brocade; It is also named "Baduanjin" because the achievement method * * * is 8 segments, and each segment has one stroke. The whole set of movements is soft and continuous, smooth and smooth; There are loose and tight, dynamic and static; Qi is smooth, bones are healthy and tendons are soft.
Ba Duan Jin Ge Ji said, "Hold the triple energizer in both hands, open the bow from left to right like shooting an eagle, raise your hand to regulate the spleen and stomach, look back after five strains of seven injuries, shake your head and tail to get rid of the heart fire, remove the diseases behind you, clench your fist to increase your strength, and climb your kidneys and waist with both hands." It can be seen that this work has a health care function, and obviously there is no special requirement for the venue.
Wuqinxi is a physical exercise method in ancient China. Its founder was Hua Tuo, a famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Hua Tuo summed up the traditional practice of imitating the movement of birds and animals, and created a set of health gymnastics, including the movements and postures of tigers, deer, bears, apes and birds, that is, the Five Birds Show. Earlier than the medical gymnastics invented in Sweden 1000 years.
Once, when Hua Tuo saw a child holding a latch and playing with it, he thought of the truth that "the hub of the home is not slow, and the running water is not rotten", so he thought that most diseases of people are caused by stagnation of qi and blood and cold blood. If the human body exercises as often as the hub of a family, so that qi and blood can run smoothly, it will improve health and make it difficult to get sick.
As a result, as soon as Hua Tuo had time, he devoted himself to studying the methods of physical exercise, referring to the ancient people's "guiding skills" of physical exercise at that time, constantly pondering and improving, and created a set of boxing methods that imitated five animals: tiger, deer, ape, bear and bird according to the movements of various animals.
Wuqinxi imitates tigers swooping and whistling, deer galloping happily, apes jumping left and right, black bears walking slowly, and birds spreading their wings and flying.
Through this series of operations, we can clear our heads, enhance heart and lung function, strengthen waist and kidney, smooth joints and promote physical fitness. Easy to learn, so men, women and children can choose to practice, and then practice a full set of movements after their physical fitness is gradually enhanced.
Wuqinxi not only has the function of strengthening the body and prolonging life, but also has the effect of eliminating diseases. As Hua Tuo said, "If you are unhappy, you will play the role of a bird, but you will sweat ... You are light and want to eat."
The so-called diet health, Chinese medicine believes that a reasonable diet can regulate essence, correct the deviation of yin and yang of viscera, prevent diseases and prolong life.
Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes that the diet should be based on "five grains as nourishment, five fruits as help, no hidden food as benefit, and five dishes as filling", and it should also pay attention to the harmony of five flavors, otherwise it will cause diseases due to unbalanced nutrition, biased constitution and dysfunction of viscera.
Confucius was born in the Spring and Autumn Period at the age of 72. It is rare to live to be over 70 years old more than 2,000 years ago. Confucius' longevity is inseparable from his diet.
It is recorded in The Analects of Confucius: "Food is not tired of essence, food is not tired of essence, food is not afraid, fish is hungry, food is inedible, food is inedible, food is inedible, cooking is inedible, and food is inedible."
These words mean not to eat food that has gone bad for a long time, fish and other rotten dishes, dishes that are not beautiful in color and taste bad, do not pay attention to cooking, and do not eat until dinner time.
Warn people to pay attention to the way of health preservation, pay attention to food hygiene, and don't be stingy with excessive eating and drinking.
Confucius' concept of diet has a far-reaching influence on the "diet culture" of the Chinese nation, which is the basis of the development of dietotherapy in China and a great contribution to the prosperity of the nation and social and economic development.
Materia Medica for Dietotherapy was written by Meng E, a famous scholar, physician and dietotherapist in Tang Dynasty. It specially collects and introduces all kinds of foods with nourishing body and curative effect for people to use, so that people can get the benefits of treating diseases from their diet.
Materia Medica for Dietotherapy was written more than 65,438+0,000 years ago, which is the earliest extant monograph on dietotherapy in the world. Its contents are scattered in the comprehensive herbal books of later generations. 1807, the handwritten examination paper of this book was found in Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province.
The key to a healthy diet is to have a reasonable diet structure. "Health Record" talks about the "six fitness" of health preservation, and we should eat early, warm, little, light, slow and soft.
In terms of diet, Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, drank porridge. He wrote a poem:
People in the world are predecessors, but they don't realize that they have been in the present for many years; I had to follow the popular method and only give porridge to the gods.
For self-cultivation, Chinese medicine theory holds that people who pursue health and longevity should first start with self-cultivation. For example, they should eliminate all kinds of delusions on weekdays, say more good things, do more good deeds, let themselves be open-minded and emotionally stable, so as to maintain their physical and mental health.
The most important thing in self-cultivation is to cultivate one's mind. "Being indifferent to my heart all my life" is a high spiritual realm. Everyone has joy, anger, sadness, joy, sadness, fear and surprise. This is a person's seven emotions, too much is too emotional.
Huangdi Neijing emphasizes "indifferent to nothingness" and says "indifferent to nothingness, conforming to the true qi, hiding the spirit inside, and preventing diseases". In short, it is to be "light".
Health preserving plays an important role in China traditional medicine. The ancients believed that God was the master of life activities. Keeping quiet and psychologically balanced can keep innocent vitality, make the five internal organs peaceful, help prevent diseases, improve health and prolong life.
On the contrary, it will lead to emotional internal injury, anger hurting the liver, happiness and sadness, thinking hurting the spleen, worrying about the lungs, fearing hurting the kidneys, and even inducing various physical and mental diseases.
Regarding regulating qi and preserving health, the theory of TCM holds that human primordial qi has the functions of metaplasia, promoting blood circulation and consolidating blood, warming whole body tissues, resisting pathogenic factors and enhancing the functions of viscera. Many factors, such as unbalanced nutrition, improper work and rest, emotional imbalance, and invasion of pathogenic factors, can cause yuan-qi deficiency, depression, stagnation and inversion, and then cause pathological changes.
The method of regulating qi and keeping in good health in TCM advocates a series of measures, such as careful living, adapting to the four seasons, abstaining from overwork, preventing excessive relaxation, regulating diet, harmonizing five flavors, regulating seven emotions, saving words and learning qi, and regulating breath, to regulate vitality, eliminate diseases and prolong life.
In a word, the way of health preservation lies in the combination of activity and inactivity, reasonable diet, self-cultivation and calming mental qi, so as to achieve the purpose of "aftercare"