Su Shi's portrait, Su Shi (103765438+1October 8th-1August 24th, 2008), is called "Dongpo lay man" by the world. Han nationality, from Luancheng, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan, Meishan City, Northern Song Dynasty). A famous writer, painter, poet and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a representative of the unrestrained poets. His poetry, ci, fu and prose all have high achievements, and he is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of literature and art in China, and he is also recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in the history of China for thousands of years. His prose and Ouyang Xiu are called Ou Su; Poetry and Huang Tingjian are also called Su Huang; Ci and Xin Qiji are collectively called Su Xin; Calligraphy is listed as one of the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. His paintings started the Huzhou School of Painting.
Chinese name: Su Shi
Mbth: Su Shi
Alias: Zi Zi Zhan Youzi and Su Zhong Dongpo lay man.
Nationality: China Northern Song Dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Meishan, Sichuan
Date of birth:1037 65438+108.
Date of death:1101August 24th.
Occupation: writer
Representative works: Pre-Chibi Fu, Post-Chibi Fu, Ji, Nian Nujiao's Red Cliff Nostalgia.
catalogue
outline
Su Shi's life
Chronology of life
I. Articles
Second, poetry.
Third, calligraphy.
Fourth, painting.
Style of poetry. Bold style
Second, the broad-minded style.
Third, elegant style.
Poetry handed down from ancient times
text
Su Shi and Wutai Poetry Case
Literati's Evaluation of Su Shi
Notes on Su Shi's Works
Su Shi's anecdotes
Su Shi's wives and concubines and those of his son Su Shi.
Su Shi's descendants
Physical and mental health rules
Introduction to publishing photo albums
Su Shi's life
Chronology of life
I. Articles
Second, poetry.
Third, calligraphy.
Fourth, painting.
Style of poetry. Bold style
Second, the broad-minded style.
Third, elegant style.
Poetry handed down from ancient times
text
Su Shi and Wutai Poetry Case
Literati's Evaluation of Su Shi
Notes on Su Shi's Works —— Anecdotes of Su Shi's wife, concubine and son
Su Shi's wife and concubine, Su Shi's way of keeping in good health, posted a brief introduction to this paragraph of photo album editing.
Su Shi, whose word is profound, is called "Su Dongpo" and posthumous title "Dongpo Jushi". According to historical records, Su Shi was "more than eight feet three inches long and generous as the sea". Su Shi is the second son of Su Xun (the eldest son died). In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he joined his brother Su Zhe as a scholar. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the judge in court. Because he disagrees with the political views of Prime Minister Wang Anshi, he opposes the implementation of the new law (not completely disagreeing, but partially agreeing). He opposed it in the early stage, went deep into the people in the later stage, learned the benefits of the new law, and turned to favor the good aspects of the new law. ), from outside, out of Hangzhou. Later moved to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and moved to Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in a "Wutai Poetry Case" and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) as an envoy. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign official documents. The Empress Dowager Zhelai came to the DPRK, returned to the DPRK to serve Lang Zhi, and went to Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong). Four months later, he was transferred to the Ministry of Ritual as a doctor and served for less than ten days. In addition to housing, he also moved to the Library of China, and moved to Hanlin imperial academy (Second Product) to know the tribute of does. Yuan You went out to know Hangzhou in four years (1089), and later changed to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the philosopher was in charge, relegated to Huizhou (now Huizhou City, Guangdong Province), and later joined Changhua Army (now Danzhou City, Hainan Province). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now in Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now in Jiaxian County, Henan Province), at the age of 64, posthumous title Wenzhong (male).
He, his father Su Xun (1009- 1066) and his younger brother Su Zhe (1039-112) are both famous for their literature, and they are called "three sows" and "three sows" in the late Han Dynasty. "Three Sus" are three of the "Eight Masters" in Tang and Song Dynasties, and they are eight representative prose writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty (divided into Tang II and Song VI). As an outstanding poet, Su Shi created a bold style of ci, and was called "Su Xin" together with the outstanding poet Xin Qiji. In poetry, he and Huang Tingjian are both called "Su Huang". Su Shi's works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yuefu, Qianchibi Fu, Houchibi Fu and so on. Politically, Su Shi belongs to the old party with Sima Guang as its leader. Because of his remarkable achievements in calligraphy, he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang (some scholars think it is Cai Jing). Su Shi's descendants are called "Four Scholars of Su Men", namely Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Chao He.
Edit this life story of Su Shi.
Song Sijia Su Shi
His father, Su Xun, was the "Sue" mentioned in The Amethyst at the age of 27. Su Xun worked hard, although he worked very late. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi could not have got a good tutor in his childhood, not to mention "learning the general classic history, which belongs to thousands of words every day", and it is even more impossible to achieve literary achievements in the future. In the first year of Jiayou (1056), 21-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination in the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on loyalty to punishment. However, Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought that it was written by disciple Ceng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, he had to come second. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang House and signed books in Dali. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed. When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity. At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty. On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, and because of his conservative political thoughts, he disagreed with Wang Anshi's approach to politics and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general. From then on, Su Shi misunderstood Wang Anshi and other reformists all his life. Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places.
Outstanding achievements, won the hearts of the people. Su Shi
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems, and made a big fuss in the name of satirizing the new law. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law and networking "slandering the monarch", which is known in history as the Wutai Poetry Case. Su Shi was imprisoned 103 days and was on the verge of beheading several times. Thanks to the national policy of not killing literati during the Mao period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi escaped. After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to be Ying Yong's assistant in Huangzhou (now Huanggang County, Hubei Province) (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is rather humble and has no real power. At this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this campaign. In his spare time, he led his family to cultivate a sloping land in the east of the city to help make a living. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man". In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away. The young Zhezong ascended the throne, the empress dowager listened to politics, the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. So Su Shi was recalled to North Korea as a doctor by the Ministry of Rites in 1998. Mr. Scheeren was promoted to power, and three months later, he was promoted to Mr. Scheeren in Zhongshu, and soon he was promoted to imperial academy (the secretary who drafted the imperial edict for the emperor). Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor. So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway". Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), he was recalled to North Korea. But soon, due to political disagreement, Yingzhou was released. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the new party came to power again and was demoted to Huiyang (now Huizhou, Guangdong). Then, Su Shi was exiled to Danzhou (now Hainan) farther away. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, banishing Hainan was only a lighter punishment than copying others. After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, he was transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, Zhou Shuan for permanent resettlement and Yongzhou for resettlement. The third year (1 10 1) was pardoned and Chao's identity was restored. On his way back to the North, he died in Changzhou at the age of 64.
Edit this chronology of life
1036 On November 19th, 2003, Su Shi was born in 1054, married to Wang Fu 1057, and was a scholar in high school when he was 2 1 year old, and lost his mother (1057.4 ~1. 106 1 year was the judge of Fengxiang mansion, the first year of Yingzong Zhiping-four years (1064 ~ 1068), 1064 was the history museum, 1065 was his wife. Filial piety (1066.4 ~ 1068.7) was the first year of Zongshen Xining-the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1068 ~ 1086), and she married Wang Runzhi (Wang Fu's cousin) on 1069. He has been supervising the Museum of History 107 1 year; Ren Hangzhou was sentenced to 1074, aged 38, Mizhou Taishou 1076, aged 40, Xuzhou Taishou 1079, aged 43, and Huzhou Taishou; 1080 imprisoned Huangzhou, 1084 served as deputy envoy of Huangzhou Yong ying, 1085 went to Changzhou; Ren Dengzhou satrap; To Kyoto; Ren Zhongshu Scheeren Zhezong (1086 ~ 1 100) was appointed as Hangtaishou in the reign of Empress Yuan You (1085 ~ 1093), and 1086 was appointed as a bachelor of Hanlin. To Kyoto; Ren Yingzhou Taishou 1092 Ren Yangzhou Taishou; Department of War History; 1093 wife's funeral; The queen mother died; Adjust the county magistrate; Commander of Hebei Military Region 1094 was demoted to Huizhou; Exile Huizhou 1097 to Hainan; Hui Zong (1101~126) lived in Danzhou, Hainan, and the empress dowager was in power (1100)1/. Go to Changzhou; Jianzhong Jingguoyuan died on July 28th at the age of 64+0 102, that is, he was buried in Shangruili, Diaotai Township, Tancheng, Ruzhou in June of the first year of Chongning.
Editing this artistic achievement.
I. Articles
Su Shi's literary view comes down in one continuous line with Ouyang Xiu's, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating statutes and releasing wonderful ideas". He believes that composition should be "like running water, with no definite quality at first, but always do what you should do and always stop where you can't stop." The artistic realm of "natural arts and sciences, rich body" ("Thank the teacher's book"). Su Shi's prose works are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is concise and smooth, and it is unrestrained. Shi Dehong's "Postscript Dongpo (swimming on the left (xρn) in the pool" said: "His prose is like water, and his waves are naturally written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu, both called "Ou Su", are one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi was the leader who presided over the literary world in the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu, and enjoyed a high reputation among the writers at that time. There was a time when many people made friends with him or accepted his guidance. Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Chao, writers of the Northern Song Dynasty, were all trained, rewarded and recommended by him, and were called the Four Bachelor of Sumen. Fan Zenglun, Jia Yi and Donglan Pear Flower
Second, poetry.
There are about 4,000 poems by Su Shi, which have a wide range of contents and diverse styles, but they are mainly bold, changeable and romantic, which has opened up a new road for the development of Song poetry. Xie Tiao's "The Original Poetry" said: "The realm of Su Shi's poetry has never existed in ancient and modern times, and everything in the world has been inspired by God." Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" said: "It is a spectacular sight for a generation to take literature as poetry and go from Changli to Dongpo Yida. ..... Especially out of reach, born with a healthy pen, as cold as a sad pear, cut it together quickly. There is a hidden meaning that must be achieved, and there is no difficulty in showing it. Therefore, after Li and Du, it is a big family, not as good as Li and Du Chu. " His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors and unique in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of extravagance and arrogance. The bold and unconstrained writing has a great influence on later generations. "Nian Nujiao, Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou, Ice Dust Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely circulated. His poems include Seven Chapters of Dongpo and so on. There are more than 340 poems written by Su Shi, which break through the narrow theme of writing about love and parting between men and women and have a wide range of social contents. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of China Ci. He extended the spirit of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional style of Ci since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and created an unconstrained Ci school that kept pace with the graceful school, expanded the theme of Ci, enriched the artistic conception of Ci, broke through the boundary between poetry and poetry, and made great contributions to the innovative development of Ci. His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created the first example of unconstrained ci, and was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng said in the preface to Xinjiaxuan: "Ci is broad and aboveboard, like poetry, prose and wonders of heaven and earth."