1, ordinary food cannot be eaten.
1. Weave snails
As early as 20 12, the Ministry of Health explicitly banned the sale of edible snails. Because the river snail contains high content of river toxin, it may cause dizziness, vomiting and even death in severe cases. And there is no antidote for specific treatment. Snails are small, cone-shaped, and about the size of fingernails. They are 1 cm ~ 2 cm long and 0.5 cm ~ 1 cm wide. If the neighborhood eats similar snails, please confirm the variety.
Snails containing high levels of river toxins can cause dizziness.
2. Immature tomatoes
Many women like to eat tomatoes because they are sweet, sour and nutritious. However, immature tomatoes contain a toxic substance called solanine. After eating immature tomatoes, there will be a bitter feeling in your mouth, with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness and salivation.
3. Germinated potatoes
Solanum nigrum, also known as potato toxin, is a toxic component of potato. Every100g of potato contains only 5 ~10mg of Solanum nigrum. Germinated potatoes or immature blue-skinned potatoes contain several times or even dozens of times of solanine. Solanum nigrum is easy to decompose in acetic acid, and it can be detoxified by heating and cooking, but there is almost no solution to germinated potatoes. Moreover, Solanum nigrum is corrosive and hemolytic, and has a paralyzing effect on the motor center and respiratory center.
Germinated potatoes contain solanine.
4. Fresh auricularia auricula
Fresh auricularia contains a porphyrin photosensitive substance. Eating fresh auricularia can induce solar dermatitis, causing skin itching, pain, redness, bright red papules and blisters, causing throat edema, tears, runny nose, general fatigue, dyspnea and other symptoms, and even leading to skin tissue necrosis in severe cases. Therefore, fresh fungus is inedible.
Dry auricularia auricula is the finished product after exposure, because exposure can reduce and decompose most porphyrin substances in fresh auricularia auricula, and then soak them in water, and all the remaining toxic substances can be dissolved in water.
5. African snails
There are many pathogens and parasites on African snails, which can spread rat lung nematodes and cause meningitis after infection.
6. Black spot sweet potato
Sweet potato stored in a dark and humid environment, there will be black spots, which contain a variety of toxins, which will cause poisoning after eating. Once the sweet potato has dark spots, hardness, bitterness and mildew, don't eat it again. Because eating it will cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms, severe asthma, convulsions, coma and even death.
7. Red sugarcane
Sugarcane itself is red because of mildew. If stored in a poorly ventilated sugarcane pile, it will also be moldy and prone to poisoning. Mould produces Arthrobacter, which produces a highly toxic substance, which can lead to poisoning after people eat it by mistake.
It is difficult to treat the white poisonous mushroom after poisoning.
8. Agaricus bisporus
The mortality rate of "White Poison Umbrella" is above 90%, and only one or two is enough to kill an adult, while the larger "White Poison Umbrella" is two or two. This kind of mushroom mainly grows in Guangdong. Because there is no detoxification drug for it so far, it is difficult to treat after poisoning.
9. Rotten ginger
Rotting things are generally poisonous. Ginger will produce a highly toxic substance after rotting, which will induce liver cancer, esophageal cancer and so on. As the saying goes, "rotten ginger is not bad" is unscientific.
2. Healthy eating
First, the food is diverse, mainly cereals, and the thickness is matched.
Human food is varied. Various foods contain different nutrients, and each food can provide at least one nutrient. A balanced diet must consist of a variety of foods in order to meet the various nutritional needs of the human body and achieve the purpose of reasonable nutrition and health promotion.
Grain is the main body of China's traditional diet and the main source of human energy. Cereals, including rice, flour and miscellaneous grains, mainly provide carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber and B vitamins. Sticking to a grain-based diet is to keep the good tradition of China's diet and avoid the disadvantages of a high-energy, high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet. People should keep a proper amount of cereal intake every day, and adults should take 250g~400g every day. In addition, we should pay attention to the matching of thickness and often eat some coarse grains, miscellaneous grains and whole grains. Don't grind rice and wheat too finely to avoid the loss of vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber.
Second, eat more vegetables, fruits and potatoes.
Fresh vegetables and fruits are an important part of human balanced diet and one of the important features of traditional diet in China. Vegetables and fruits are low in energy and are important sources of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Potatoes are rich in starch, dietary fiber and various vitamins and minerals. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits and potatoes plays an important role in keeping healthy, maintaining normal intestinal function, improving immunity and reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. It is suggested that adults in China should eat 300g~500g of vegetables and 200g~400g of fruits every day, and pay attention to increasing the intake of potatoes.
Eat milk, soybeans or their products every day.
Milk has complete nutrients, proper proportion of ingredients and easy digestion and absorption. Milk is rich in high-quality protein and vitamins, with high calcium content and high utilization rate. It is an excellent source of dietary calcium. Drinking more milk is good for bone health of people of all ages. It is recommended that each person drink an average of 300 ml of milk every day. People who drink too much milk or have a tendency of hyperlipidemia and overweight should choose low-fat and skim milk.
Soybean is rich in high-quality protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins and dietary fiber, and contains phytochemicals such as phospholipids, oligosaccharides, isoflavones and phytosterols. You should eat more soybeans and their products. It is recommended that each person consume 30g~50g soybeans or a considerable amount of bean products every day.
Fourth, eat a proper amount of fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat.
Fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat are all animal foods, which are a good source of high-quality protein, lipids, fat-soluble vitamins, B vitamins and minerals for human beings and an important part of a balanced diet. Lean meat has high iron content and good utilization rate. Fish is generally low in fat and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fat content of poultry is also low and the unsaturated fatty acid content is high; Eggs are rich in high-quality protein with complete nutrients, which is the economic source of high-quality protein.
At present, some urban residents in China eat more animal food, especially pork. We should eat more fish and poultry and reduce the intake of pork. The average amount of animal food consumed by a considerable number of urban and rural residents is not enough, so it should be increased appropriately. Animal foods generally contain a certain amount of saturated fat and cholesterol, and excessive intake may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
5. Reduce the consumption of edible oil and have a light and salt-free diet.
Fat is one of the important sources of human energy, which can provide essential fatty acids and is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. However, excessive fat intake is one of the risk factors of obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases. Excessive intake of dietary salt is closely related to the prevalence of hypertension.
Excessive intake of edible oil and salt is a nutritional problem for urban and rural residents in China. Therefore, it is suggested that China residents develop the habit of light and salty diet, that is, the diet should not be too greasy or salty, and they should not eat too much animal food and fried, smoked and pickled food.
Six, overeating, exercise every day, to maintain a healthy weight.
Food intake and exercise are two main factors to maintain a healthy weight. Food provides human energy, and exercise consumes energy. If you eat too much and don't exercise enough, excess energy will accumulate in the body in the form of fat, increase weight and cause overweight or obesity; On the contrary, if you don't eat enough, you may be underweight or thin due to lack of energy.
Under normal physiological conditions, appetite can effectively control food intake, but some people are not sensitive to appetite regulation, and the food intake to satisfy appetite often exceeds the actual needs. Eating too much means eating less for them, not eating 100% full every meal. Due to the change of lifestyle, people's sports activities have decreased. At present, most adults in our country lack physical activity or physical exercise. It is necessary to change the unhealthy lifestyle of sedentary and less exercise, form the habit of exercising every day, and insist on doing more energy-consuming activities every day.
Seven, the distribution of three meals should be reasonable, and snacks should be appropriate.
Arrange the time and food intake of three meals a day reasonably, and eat regularly and quantitatively. The energy provided by breakfast should account for 25% ~ 30% of the total energy of the whole day, lunch 30% ~ 40% and dinner 30% ~ 40%, which can be adjusted according to occupation, labor intensity and living habits.
Generally, breakfast is arranged at 6:30-8:30, lunch at11:30-13: 30, and dinner at 18:00-20:00. Eat breakfast every day to ensure nutrition. Have a good lunch and a proper dinner. Don't overeat, don't eat out often, try to eat with your family and create a relaxed and pleasant dining atmosphere. Snacks, as a nutritional supplement besides three meals a day, can be reasonably selected, but the energy from snacks should be included in the energy intake throughout the day.
Eight, drink plenty of water every day and choose drinks reasonably.
Water is an important part of diet, an essential substance for all life and plays an important role in life activities. The sources of water in the body are drinking water, water contained in food and water produced by metabolism in the body.
Water is mainly excreted through the kidneys in the form of urine, and then exhaled through the lungs, skin and feces. The water entering the body is basically equal to the water discharged, which is in dynamic balance. Insufficient or excessive drinking water will be harmful to human health. Drink more water, take the initiative, and don't drink water when you feel thirsty. It is best to choose boiled water for drinking water. There are many kinds of drinks, which need reasonable choice. For example, milk drinks and pure fruit juice drinks contain certain nutrients and beneficial dietary ingredients, which can be used as dietary supplements when drunk in moderation. Some drinks are added with certain minerals and vitamins, which are suitable for outdoor activities and after exercise in hot days. Some drinks only contain sugar and flavors, so their nutritional value is not high. Some people, especially children and teenagers, drink a lot of sugary drinks instead of water every day, which is an unhealthy habit and should be corrected.
Nine, drinking should be moderate.
It is a custom for people to drink alcohol on holidays, festivals and social occasions. High alcohol contains high energy, and liquor is basically a pure energy food without other nutrients.
Excessive drinking will reduce appetite and food intake, lead to a variety of nutrient deficiencies, acute and chronic alcoholism, alcoholic fatty liver, and even alcoholic cirrhosis in severe cases. Excessive drinking will also increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension and stroke; It will also lead to an increase in accidents and violence, which is harmful to personal health and social stability. Alcoholism should be strictly prohibited. In addition, drinking alcohol will increase the risk of some cancers. If the alcohol consumption is as low as possible and controlled below an appropriate limit, it is suggested that the daily alcohol consumption of adult men should not exceed 25g and that of adult women should not exceed 15g. Pregnant women, children and teenagers should avoid drinking alcohol.
Ten, eat fresh and healthy food.
Food stored for too long will cause deterioration and may produce toxic and harmful substances to human body. In addition, food may contain or be mixed with various harmful factors, such as pathogenic microorganisms, parasites and toxic chemicals. Eating fresh and hygienic food is the fundamental measure to prevent food-borne diseases and realize food safety.
Choosing the right food is the first step to ensure the freshness and hygiene of food. Smoked foods and some colored foods may contain harmful ingredients such as benzopyrene or nitrite, so it is not advisable to eat more. Reasonable storage of food can keep fresh and avoid pollution. High temperature heating can kill most microorganisms in food and prolong the storage time; The cold storage temperature is usually 4℃ ~ 8℃, which is only suitable for short-term storage; The frozen storage temperature is as low as-12℃ ~-23℃, which can keep food fresh and is suitable for long-term storage. Cooking process is an important link to ensure food hygiene and safety. Attention should be paid to maintaining good personal hygiene and the cleanliness of food processing environment and utensils to avoid cross-contamination during food cooking. Food curing should pay attention to adding enough salt to avoid high temperature environment. Some animal or plant foods contain natural toxins. In order to avoid accidental poisoning, on the one hand, we need to learn to identify these foods, on the other hand, we need to understand the specific methods of removing toxins from different foods.