Moral: There are frozen bones on the roadside, but the rich are eating wine and meat, expressing the irony of the gap between the rich and the poor and sympathy for the poor.
The whole poem is as follows:
Recite 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian.
Du fu in Tang dynasty
Ling Du has cloth, but the boss has turned his back on himself.
It's silly to make a promise, but it's better than stealing chickens and dogs.
It has become autumn, and the white head is generous.
The matter of closing the coffin has already been done, and this ambition is often lost.
If you are poor, you will worry about Li Yuan, sighing for intestinal heat.
It's fierce to make fun of classmates.
Without rivers and seas, you can send the sun and the moon smartly.
When you give birth to Yao Shun, you can't help it any more.
Nowadays, there is no shortage of corridors and temples.
The fire is biased towards the sun, and the physical properties are difficult to win.
Gu Wei is an ant tribe, but he seeks his own opinions.
Hu Weiqi longed for whales and wanted to suppress the Bohai Sea.
Therefore, my understanding of physiology is wrong, and I am ashamed to do it alone.
So far, I have swallowed it.
Eventually ashamed of the nest, it failed to change its festival.
Drink and talk, sing and break your worries.
At the end of the year, a hundred herbs are exhausted, and the high wind Gorkon cracks.
It's cloudy and eventful, and guests are sent at night.
First frost is in rags, and his fingers can't be tied straight.
In the morning, I passed Mount Li, and the imperial couch was in the mountain.
Chiyou is cold and empty, and the cliffs and valleys are slippery.
Yaochi qi stagnation method, feather forest phase Mojia.
The monarch and the minister are happy with it, and the joy is moving.
Baths are all long tassels, and banquets are not short brown.
All the silks in Tongting belong to cold women.
Whip her husband's family and gather in Miyagi Que.
The sage is full of grace and really wants to live in the country.
If I suddenly understand, how can you abandon this thing?
Toastmasters will fill the court, and benevolent people should tremble.
I heard that the gold plate is in Huo Wei's room.
Nave dancing fairy, smoke scattered jade pieces.
Care about guests' mink and mouse fur.
Advise customers to camel's hoof soup, and frost orange presses fragrant orange.
The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones.
Prosperity and decline are very different, melancholy and indescribable.
The north is completely different, and Guandu has changed its course.
That group of ice is from the west, with high eyes.
Doubt is coming, I am afraid that I will meet Tianzhu.
The river beam is unlucky and the branches rustle.
Travel is climbing, Sichuan and Guangzhou can't cross.
An old lady sent her to a different county, ten doors away from the snow.
Who can ignore it for a long time, hungry.
He howled as soon as he started, and his youngest son starved to death.
I would rather give up a mourning, and the alley also sobbed.
Being ashamed of being a father led to come to a bad end.
I don't know the autumn harvest, but I am in a hurry.
Life is often tax-free, and the name is not levied.
The traces are still sour and pungent, and people are solid.
Meditate on the unemployed, because they are far away.
Worry stops in the south, and the hole cannot be broken.
The whole poem is interpreted as follows:
In Ling Du, the older I get, the less suitable I am. How stupid and ridiculous I am asking myself, I have made up my mind to be an equal with Miracle in private. This idea is unrealistic, and in the end, I hit a wall everywhere, my head turned white, but I was willing to work hard and refused to rest. One day, you cover the coffin and you can't talk anymore. As long as you don't die, your ambition can't be transferred. All the year round, I am worried and sighing for the people. When I think of their suffering, I feel anxious like a fire. Although he provoked cynicism from his contemporaries, he was even more passionate and sang without being discouraged.
I'm not going to live in seclusion. Isn't it noble to spend my life between rivers and seas? I just met a wise emperor like Yao Shun, and I couldn't bear to leave him easily and go alone. Today's imperial court, have a plenty of pillars, to build a building, don't still lack me this kind of material? But even the leaves of sunflower are facing the sun, how can I easily get rid of my loyal nature!
Looking back, those little people like ants were just looking for a comfortable nest, and it was dark all day. Why do I envy the baizhang whale and often want to gallop in the sea? It happened that he refused to curry favor with the powerful, so he delayed his business. How can you bear to be buried in the dust when you are still down and out? I am really ashamed that I am not floating in this world like Xu You and Chao Fu. Although I feel ashamed, I don't want to change my behavior. What else can we do? I have to drink a few glasses of wine to relieve boredom, write some poems and sing loudly to relieve my troubles.
A year has passed, all kinds of vegetation have withered, and the wind is roaring, as if to sweep the mountain flat. Dark clouds fell like mountains, and the streets were gloomy. I, a lonely guest, left the capital in the middle of the night. I was covered with frost and broke my belt. I tried to tie it, but my fingers froze.
At dawn, I reached the foot of Mount Li, the height of Mount Li, where there was the imperial couch of the emperor. The cold sky was filled with fog, so I climbed the icy and frosty mountain road and slipped down in two steps. Huaqing Palace is really like the fairyland of the Empress Dowager Yaochi. In the hot springs, the heating is transpiration, and Yulin is dense. Music resounds through the vast sky, and emperors will indulge in entertainment and enjoy endless wealth.
Those who bathe in hot springs are aristocrats wearing high crowns and long tassels. There will be no ordinary people in Ma Xie attending the banquet. The dignitaries were given a lot of silks and silks, which were earned by the hard work of poor women. Their husbands and fathers-in-law, tied with whips and ropes, were blackmailed by a horse and transported to the capital by cart. The emperor distributed silks and silks to ministers in a basket, expecting them to repay their kindness and save the country and the people. If the courtiers ignore the emperor's kindness, then being an emperor does not mean losing your property in vain! The imperial court was crowded with "talents". Anyone with a little conscience should be shocked!
What's more, it is said that all the gold plates and jewels in the palace have been transferred to my uncle's hall. Fairy-like beauty dances in the class, and the light smoke-like Luo clothes can't hide the fragrance of the county. In order to keep the guests warm, mink coats, bamboo strings and jade tubes are playing wonderful music, and guests are advised to taste camel's hoof soup, oranges and kumquat, all of which come from the far south.
In Zhumen, the wine and meat of the rich exude an attractive fragrance. On this road, who will bury the poor who froze to death and starved to death? Just a few steps apart, there are two different worlds of bitterness and joy. The injustice in the world has filled my heart with grief and indignation, and I can't talk about it anymore!
I turned the road to the north and reached the banks of Jingxing and Weihe River. The ferry at the junction of Jing and Wei changed its route again. The river is pounding the huge ice cubes, and the waves are rough. From a distance, it looks like a continuous mountain, reaching the paradise in the west. I suspect that this is the Kongtong Mountain floating from the water, and I am afraid it will break the Tianzhu!
Fortunately, the bridge on the river has not been washed away, but the bridge columns are creaking and shaking. This river is so wide, who can cross it! Regardless of the danger, the passengers had to cross the bridge hand in hand.
My wife and children live in Fengxian, and there is no one to help them. The snow all over the sky separates the family. How can you ignore the poor life of being frozen and hungry for a long time? I'm here to share the difficulties.
I heard crying when I entered the door. My little son is starving! How can I suppress my sadness? My neighbors are sobbing and crying! I can't tell you how ashamed I am inside. A father can't afford to raise his own children! Who would have expected: this autumn harvest is not bad, but poor families still can't eat!
At least I am an official and enjoy the privilege: I don't accept military service, and I don't have the burden of paying rent and paying taxes. Such a tragic experience is inevitable, and the life of ordinary people is even more bitter. Think of farmers who have lost their land, think of soldiers who are far away from the border. They are not short of food and clothes. Worrying about the country and the people is endless, how to restrain it?
Sentence annotation
(1) Ling Du: Place name, in the southeast of Chang 'an, Du Fu's ancestral home is Ling Du. Therefore, Du Fu often calls himself Shaoling Yelao or Ling Du Buyi. B: civilians. At this time, Du Fu, though an eight-point official who led Cao Cao to join the army, still called himself Bunun. Boss: Du Fu is 44 years old at this time. Clumsy: Clumsy. The older you get, the less you can bend your will and do as the Romans do. At the same time, there is also a boss who laughs at himself for nothing.
(2) Commitment: self-commitment, self-commitment. Yu He: What a fool. Ji and Qi: two legendary ministers, Ji, the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, taught the people to grow grains; Qi was the ancestor of the Yin Dynasty and was in charge of culture and education.
(3) Falling: that is, falling, meaning big and useless. Qikuo: Thanks for your hard work.
(4) Cover the coffin: refers to death. 3. I hope it can be realized. These two words are, forget it when you are dead, and hope to realize your ideal as long as you are alive.
(5) Poor years: all the year round. Ethan: Ordinary people. Intestinal fever: I feel anxious and worried.
(6) M: More and more.
(7) Jiang Haizhi: the ambition of seclusion. Send the sun and the moon smartly: live freely.
Yao Shunjun: This is compared with Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty.
(9) Langsi furniture: talents for governing the country.
(10) Epimedium: Sunflower is sunflower; Huo is a bean leaf.
(1 1) Gu: Think about it. Worm generation: a metaphor for profit-makers.
(12) Hu Wei: Why? Whale: a metaphor for people with lofty ideals. Mo: Just, often. Quasi: Yes. Yan Jiebo: Go to the seaside.
(13) I missed my physiology: I missed my livelihood because of this ideal. Qian Yi: I want to meet those dignitaries.
(14) Gu Wu: the appearance of poverty and toil.
(15) Nest and Edge: He were both hermits in the Yao period.
(16) Drinking and talking about self-cancellation: Let's drink and cancel the contract.
(17) Tianqu: the sky. Ao: It was originally used to describe the mountain, but here it is used to describe the overcast clouds. Guest: This is Du Fu's idea. F: Let's go.
(18) Mount Li: In the south of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ refers to Mount Li.
(19) Chiyou: the legendary vassal of the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou, who created fog to confuse the other side. Chiyou is used here, especially fog.
(20) Yaochi: It is said that the Empress Dowager and Zhou Muwang had a banquet. This refers to the Lishan hot spring. Qi stagnation method: steaming in hot springs. Yu Lin: Imperial Guard, Moga: Weapons collided.
(2 1) Yin: Man. Gum ivy: majestic rocks. Music shook the mountains.
(22) Long tassel: refers to strength. A tassel and a hat band. Short brown: coarse short coat, referring to civilians.
(23) the court: the court.
(24) Saint: refers to the emperor. Basket holder: Two kinds of bamboo utensils for holding things. The ancient emperor rewarded his ministers with baskets of cloth and silk.
(25) The sentence "I am like" means: If the courtiers ignore this principle, won't the emperor's reward be in vain?
(26) The word "toast" means that there are many courtiers, among whom the benevolent should serve the country with trepidation.
(27) Inner gold plate: the gold plate used by the emperor in the palace. Wei Hehuo: Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, generals of the Han Dynasty, are relatives of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Here, it refers to Yang Guifei's subordinate brother and powerful minister Yang.
(28) nave: refers to the courts of the Yang family. Dancing fairy: Fairy-like beauty is dancing. Smoke: describes the tulle clothes worn by beautiful women, such as smoke and fog. Jade: refers to the skin of a beautiful woman.
(29) The following four sentences in "Enthusiastic Guests": Write about the luxury of aristocratic life.
(30) Prosperity and decline: prosperity and decline. This is a metaphor for the luxurious life of Zhumen and the frozen bones on the roadside. Melancholy: This statement is emotional and sad.
(3 1) Beiyuan: The train is heading north. Du Fu went from Chang 'an to Pucheng, walked along the east bank of Weihe River, and then turned north. Jingwei: The names of the two rivers meet in Lintong, Shaanxi. Guandu: The official ferry.
(32) Gaoguawu: Ice floes surge in the river.
(33) Kongtong: The mountain name is in Min County, Gansu Province. Tianzhu: According to ancient mythology, the four corners of the sky are supported by pillars, which are called Tianzhu. Fear of touching Tianzhu: describe the ice water surging, as if the foreman couldn't touch Zhoushan, which made people feel that the sky was going to collapse. Expressed the poet's concern for the fate of the country.
(34) River beam: bridge. Tilt: fracture. Pillar: the pillar of a bridge. Rustle: onomatopoeic words, the sound of wooden bridges vibrating.
(35) Climb each other when traveling: Travellers climb each other.
(36) Different counties: Fengxian. Ten mouths are separated by snow: Du Fu's family of ten lives in two places and is blocked by snow.
Shu: I hope.
(38) poverty: poverty. Haste: This refers to unexpected misfortune.
(39) Unjustified: This sentence calls itself a "scholar" and can be exempted from tax, military service and hard labor according to state regulations. At that time, Du Fu joined Cao Jun, a soldier in the right-back government, and enjoyed the right of tax exemption and military service.
(40) ordinary people: ordinary people are inevitably troubled by taxes. Ordinary people: ordinary people. Tang people avoided Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin and changed "human" to "human".
(4 1) unemployed: people who have lost their industries.
(42) The sorrow is in the south: the sorrow is as heavy as Nanshan. Dong Zhuo: Very big. Tidy up, which means stop.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem was written in the 14th year of Tianbao (755). In October, Du Fu was appointed by Cao Jun, a government soldier led by You Wei. In November, Du Fu went from Chang 'an, the capital, to Fengxian (now Pucheng, Shaanxi) to visit relatives, which coincided with the Anshi Rebellion. When Du Fu crossed Mount Li, the news of An Shi Rebellion was unknown. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei enjoy the cool in Huaqing Palace in Lishan Mountain. The sense of political crisis and the premonition of impending chaos accumulated in my mind for a long time were inspired by the difference between the ups and downs along the way and the news that my young son starved to death when I came home, so I wrote this famous poem.
The whole poem is 500 words, in which the narrative starts from the capital and crosses Mount Li, which is clear and clear, but it is only a few crossings. The rest are all discussions or feelings, because the topic is "Forever" after all. As the representative work of Du Fu's five-character ancient poems, the whole poem has two themes: First, it tells that he has always cherished the ambition of saving the world, but he can't extend it. Although he was in pain, he still didn't change his mind. Secondly, he criticized Xuanzong, a monarch who was profligate in Lishan Palace, and his subjects, and expressed his grave concern about the serious polarization between the rich and the poor and the signs of social unrest. The whole poem takes "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" as the main line, which indicates that the poet's realistic creative thought of worrying about the country and the people has been formed and has epoch-making significance. It is a summary of Du Fu's life and thoughts in Chang 'an for ten years, and he has also reached the level of perfection in art. ..
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.