Precursor of stroke: 1, limb numbness-middle-aged and elderly people have abnormal feeling of limb numbness. In addition to cervical spondylosis and diabetes, if you are accompanied by symptoms such as headache, dizziness, top-heaviness, and tongue swelling, or have a history of diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cerebral arteriosclerosis, you should pay more attention to and be alert to the occurrence of stroke, sudden attack or unilateral limb weakness and instability, and then attack again after rapid relief.
2. Sudden blackness in front of eyes-The most common symptom of stroke in middle-aged and elderly people is that one eye suddenly turns black and can't see clearly. After a few seconds or dozens of seconds, it will completely return to normal. Medically, it is called disposable dark circles. It is retinal ischemia caused by cerebral ischemia, which is another signal of stroke. Repeated dizziness, vomiting, reduced vision or diplopia.
3. Unexplained falls of middle-aged and elderly people —— Cerebral ischemia and motor nerve failure caused by cerebrovascular sclerosis can lead to ataxia and balance disorder, and it is easy to fall, which is also a precursor symptom of stroke.
4. Inaccurate speech and articulation-when the blood supply to the brain is insufficient, the nerves of human motor function will fail. One of the common symptoms is that suddenly speaking is invalid or unclear, or even unable to speak, but the duration is short, and the longest is no more than 24 hours. Note that there are also unexplained quarrels, slurred speech or tongue sticking out.
5, yawning constantly-if there is no fatigue, lack of sleep and other reasons, yawning continuously, this may be due to cerebral arteriosclerosis, ischemia, causing chronic ischemia and hypoxia of brain tissue, which is a precursor of stroke patients.
6, mental changes-such as lethargy, once the middle-aged and elderly people have unexplained lethargy, lethargy should be highly valued, which is likely to be a precursor to ischemic stroke. Changes in mental state and abnormal personality, such as becoming silent, talkative and impatient, or short-term mental decline, are all related to cerebral ischemia, which may be a precursor to stroke.
7, nosebleeds-the symptoms of nosebleeds in middle-aged and elderly people may be an alarm that hypertensive patients are about to have a stroke. According to medical observation, excluding trauma and inflammatory factors, patients with hypertension may have recurrent epistaxis and cerebral hemorrhage. Many nosebleeds are caused by unstable blood pressure, which will increase the risk of stroke if not prevented.
Symptoms of stroke include:
Sudden numbness, weakness and paralysis of the face, upper limbs or lower limbs, especially when symptoms appear on one side of the body.
Suddenly confused, unable to speak or understand.
Sudden appearance of one or two visual impairments
Sudden difficulty in walking, loss of balance or coordination.
Sudden and unexplained severe headache.
These symptoms may last for a while and then disappear. When it disappears within 24 hours, it is called transient ischemic attack (TIA).
Stroke is the second killer in Asia, with high morbidity, mortality and disability rate, and it is a disease that seriously harms human health. In China, its incidence rate is 185~2 19 cases /65438+ 10,000/year. The incidence increases with age, and about 72% of the first stroke occurs in the elderly over 65 years old. The prevalence rate is about 429~620 cases per 654.38+ 10,000 population. Based on the total population of 65.438+0.2 billion in China, there are about 5.65438+0.5 million to 7.44 million stroke patients, which is quite amazing. The death rate of stroke is 1 16~ 142 cases/1million/year, which is the first cause of death in many areas. About 60%~80% of patients who survived after stroke have different degrees of disability, which seriously affects their normal life. Moreover, 1/4 ~ 3/4 may recur in 2~5 years in patients with a history of stroke.
Etiology of cerebral apoplexy Hypertension and arteriosclerosis are the main pathogenic factors of this disease, so it is more common in middle-aged and elderly people. According to its pathological changes, it can be divided into two categories: hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
Intracranial hemorrhage 1. Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
1. Causes of aneurysm rupture: (1) Congenital aneurysm; (2) Atherosclerotic aneurysm; (3) Bacterial aneurysm.
2. Vascular malformation.
3. arteriosclerosis.
4. Abnormal intracranial vascular network diseases.
5. others.
6. The reason is unknown.
Second, cerebral hemorrhage.
1. Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.
2. Hemorrhage secondary to infarction
3. Tumor bleeding.
4. Caused by blood diseases.
5. Arteritis.
6. Drug-induced (anticoagulant, thrombolytic agent such as urokinase, etc. ).
7. Cerebral vascular malformation or aneurysm.
8. others.
9. The reason is unknown.
Third, epidural hemorrhage.
Fourth, subdural hemorrhage.
Cerebral infarction (carotid artery system and vertebrobasilar artery system) 1. Cerebral thrombosis.
1. is caused by atherosclerosis.
2. All kinds of arteritis.
3. Trauma and other physical factors.
4. Blood diseases, such as polycythemia.
5. Drugs.
6. Other reasons.
Second, cerebral infarction.
1. Cardiac.
2. Origin of arteries.
3. Others (fat embolism, air embolism, tumor embolism, parasite embolism, phlebitis embolism, etc. ).
Third, lacunar infarction.
Fourth, vascular dementia.
5. others.
Transient ischemic attack i. Carotid system.
Vertebrobasilar artery system.
Intracranial aneurysm of ischemic hypertensive encephalopathy i. Congenital aneurysm.
Second, atherosclerotic aneurysm.
Third, bacterial aneurysm.
Fourth, traumatic pseudoaneurysm.
5. others.
Intracranial vascular malformation 1. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation.
Second, cavernous hemangioma.
Third, venous vascular malformation.
Galen vein tumor
Five, internal carotid cavernous fistula.
Sixth, capillary hemangioma.
Seven, one side of the brain hemangioma.
Eight, intracranial-extracranial vascular communication arteriovenous malformation.
Nine, others.
Cerebral arteritis. Infectious arteritis.
Second, Takayasu arteritis (aortic arch syndrome).
Third, diffuse lupus erythematosus.
4. Nodular polyarteritis.
Fifth, temporal arteritis.
Six, occlusive thromboangiitis.
Seven, leptospira arteritis.
Eight, others.
Cerebral arterial steal syndrome intracranial abnormal vascular network intracranial venous sinus and cerebral venous thrombosis I cavernous sinus thrombosis.
Second, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis.
Third, straight sinus thrombosis.
Fourth, transverse sinus thrombosis.
5. others.
The harm of cerebral arteriosclerosis and stroke The symptoms of hemiplegia are the key concerns of stroke patients, otherwise it will lead to the loss of consciousness. Hemiplegia refers to the pain, temperature and proprioception disorder of the patient's half side.
Nerve fibers that transmit pain and temperature sensation pass from skin receptors to the posterior horn of spinal cord, cross to the contralateral spinal cord, and pass through the posterior branch of internal capsule to the sensory center of the central posterior gyrus of cerebral cortex. The sensory center comprehensively analyzes the incoming stimulus to judge whether it is hot, cold or painful. If the internal capsule is damaged, it will interrupt the conduction of contralateral pain and temperature perception, so the pain and temperature perception will be damaged.
The harm of hemiplegia will cause the patient's half body to be unable to move freely, which will seriously affect the patient's life and cause a particularly great mental blow. The nerve fibers that dominate autonomic movement are called pyramidal tracts.
Bundle is a fiber from the pyramidal cells of the central anterior gyrus of the motor center of the cerebral cortex, which passes through the lower end of the medulla oblongata through the internal capsule and reaches the corresponding anterior horn cells of the contralateral spinal cord, and then emits fibers from the anterior horn cells to dominate the skeletal muscle. Experts say that if the internal capsule bleeds, the damaged pyramidal tract is above the transverse plane, so the contralateral side of the lesion appears paralysis, including contralateral side, tongue paralysis and limb paralysis.
Through the introduction of the above contents, we have a specific understanding of the main hazards of stroke. In short, the attack of stroke will cause many neurological disorders to patients, leading to the loss of many physical functions. Therefore, everyone should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of this terrible disease in peacetime and keep themselves away from it.
Prevention of stroke Prevention of stroke Control of blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid.
Stroke is so harmful, so what can we do to reduce the risk of stroke?
Sui Yi told reporters that to do a good job of prevention, the first is primary prevention, that is, disease prevention. People who have never had a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) should find the risk factors as soon as possible and take comprehensive control. Secondary prevention, that is, patients who have had stroke /TIA, should take more active measures to avoid recurrence. Three-level prevention, prevention of progress, stroke or TIA patients should take active treatment and rehabilitation measures to prevent further progress and reduce disability.
At the same time, we should actively control risk factors.
First of all, control blood pressure, which should be maintained at 140/90mmHg, and patients with diabetes and hyperlipidemia should be controlled at 130/80mmHg.
Secondly, control blood sugar, realize diet control, strengthen physical exercise and effective drug control, and glycated hemoglobin reaches 6.5%.
Third, to control hyperlipidemia, the goal of reducing blood lipid should reach LDL-C 2.6 mmol/L and LDL-C 2.07 mmol/L in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes. Drug therapy can also be carried out, and statins or fibrates can be taken to lower the blood lipid level.
Sui Yi reminded that stroke can be prevented and controlled, and people who are not sick should be vigilant to prevent the possibility of getting sick.
Patients with diseases should be monitored and observed at any time to maintain a good lifestyle and reduce the chance of recurrence of stroke.
Health care for stroke: open your left and right hands empty-handed.
It is found that cerebral hemorrhage is related to patients' living habits and exercise patterns. The right cerebral vascular wall lacking exercise is extremely fragile and easy to rupture, so patients should exercise their left hand more. Empty hands can prevent stroke.
The practice is: do empty-handed three times a day, 400 times each time.
Shrug your shoulders sooner or later.
Shrugging can relax the nerves, blood vessels and muscles of the shoulder, promote blood circulation and dredge collaterals, and provide artificial driving force for carotid blood to flow into the brain.
The practice is: lift and lower your shoulders once every morning and evening for 4~8 minutes each time.
Turn your head regularly.
Starting from the fact that paint workers rarely have strokes, experts believe that this is related to the working characteristics of workers shaking their heads at work. Rotating the head back and forth, left and right can increase the pressure resistance of blood vessels and help prevent stroke.
The practice is: lie on your back, relax your neck muscles, and then shake your head back and forth 30~50 times, slowly, three times a day in the morning and evening. Patients with hypotension do it on their backs.
Massage your neck skillfully with your hands.
Massage of the neck can promote the relaxation of the smooth muscle of the neck blood vessels, reduce cholesterol deposition, promote the elasticity of the hardened neck blood vessels, improve the blood supply to the brain, and prevent the occurrence of stroke.
The practice is: after rubbing your hands, massage the left and right sides of the neck at a slightly faster speed, and it is advisable to burn the skin red.
Massage the neck can improve blood supply to the brain and prevent stroke.
First aid methods for stroke Let's discuss some first aid methods for stroke, as follows:
Once the above-mentioned stroke precursors appear, it indicates that a stroke will occur in the near future, especially for patients with hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart disease and diabetes. They should be more vigilant and actively take preventive measures, such as leaving dangerous places such as construction sites, roads, firesides and deep water, and moving to a safe place to prevent other accidental injuries after a stroke falls. Complete bed rest, improve mood, stay calm and avoid emotional excitement; Adhere to the doctor's advice to take the corresponding drugs, regularly monitor blood pressure, and adjust the dose in time;
Symptoms of stroke patients are different. In the light, one side of the mouth can be seen to be downward, oblique and drooling; If it is too heavy, you can suddenly fall to the ground, incontinence, and immediately enter a coma. Because most stroke patients have hemiplegia, in order to prevent falling from the chair or bed, if the rescuer is in front of him, he should immediately come forward to hold him. For sober patients, he should try to eliminate nervousness, so as not to further increase blood pressure and increase intracranial hemorrhage. If the patient is sitting or lying down at this time, there is no need to change his position. Because of the level difference between the heart and the brain, the patient sitting before can relatively ensure that the blood rushes in and the pressure in the brain is not too high. Therefore, any unnecessary posture change or movement will increase the amount of brain bleeding, thus aggravating the condition. As long as the patient is not forced to sit, there is no need for him to lie down.