Ecological pig raising model
First, the common mode of pig ecological breeding
1. There are many modes of ecological pig raising, but the pig-biogas-agriculture (large-scale agriculture) connection cycle is the main mode. Taking this as the core, it will gradually expand according to the characteristics of different regions, supplement more niches, and form a complete semi-closed and basically artificial ecological circulation system.
2. Biogas fermentation plays a key role in the ecological pig-raising cycle, so the best way for harmless treatment and resource utilization of pig-raising waste is to conduct anaerobic biogas fermentation first.
On the one hand, organic carbon in pig manure decomposes to produce biogas; On the other hand, nitrogen and phosphorus in these wastes are dissolved into biogas residue and biogas slurry, which improves fertilizer efficiency and eliminates odor. Parasites and harmful aerobic bacteria in pig manure are basically eliminated by anaerobic fermentation, and anaerobic bacteria die in large numbers due to the reproduction of biogas bacteria, so biogas residue and biogas slurry become good fertilizers.
In the circular circle of ecological pig raising, biogas manure is used as the fertilizer source of agriculture, fruit and grass or the bait of fish to promote the development of these industries. The grass planted can be used as part of the feed for pigs, and biogas can be used as the living energy in rural areas. In a word, in the recycling circle of ecological pig raising, all available things and energy will be utilized to minimize the discharge of waste and pollutants.
Second, the exploration and innovation of pig ecological breeding mode
1, an ecological pig-raising model with biogas as the core
Most farmers are just traditional scattered farming, but the government should vigorously develop and guide the four-in-one ecological pig raising model. The four-in-one ecological pig-raising mode refers to a four-in-one high-efficiency and energy-saving compound agricultural ecological project, which uses biogas as energy source and human and animal manure as fertilizer source, and combines the four elements of planting (vegetables) and breeding (pigs) reasonably. The main functional characteristics of the four-in-one ecological pig-raising model are the reasonable connection of biogas, pig-raising and planting, and the full play of its circular function; Can effectively solve energy consumption problems (lighting, cooking, etc. ) in rural life; Improve the output and quality of agricultural and livestock products.
2. When pig manure is used as fertilizer, edible fungi grow well.
The feed that pigs eat is wheat bran, rice bran and so on. The absorption rate is 60%-70%, and the unabsorbed part becomes pig manure. Therefore, pig manure itself also contains substances and energy for development and utilization. In the past, pig manure was used to produce organic fertilizer. However, the labor cost is increasing year by year, and the value of organic fertilizer itself is not high (only one ton costs several hundred yuan), so the available value of pig manure is getting lower and lower, and no one buys it, and finally it becomes a pollutant.
The cost of growing mushrooms with pig manure and straw is very low, and one ton of pig manure is only about 200 yuan. Moreover, using pig manure to grow mushrooms can realize mechanized production and improve efficiency.
The experiment shows that the yield of Agaricus bisporus cultivated with pig manure is equivalent to that cultivated with cow dung and straw, and its quality meets the standard of pollution-free food (edible fungi). Agaricus bisporus occupies an area of10.5 million square meters, consumes 600 tons of pig manure, replaces 300 tons of dry cow manure, saves the cost of cow manure by more than 400,000 yuan, and the mushroom residue after fruiting can be reused as compost raw materials.
Mushrooms grown with pig manure
Mushrooms grown with pig manure as fertilizer are more compact and look more beautiful. After solid-liquid separation and fermentation of pig manure, all harmful substances are separated, leaving only the nutrients needed for mushroom growth. Mushrooms grown from pig manure can completely meet the standard of green food. Ten thousand pig farms can't smell the slightest smell.
3. Innovative ecological feeding in individual courtyards.
Grow green feed and raise pigs. The nutrients in the green feed can be fully digested and absorbed by pigs, and the nutritional value is high. Therefore, it is a better method for pig farmers to grow green feed to raise pigs. Feeding a 100Kg fattening pig consumes about 300Kg of concentrate. According to the current feed price, the cost is around 780 yuan. Feeding green feed instead of part of concentrate can save 20 ~ 30 kg of concentrate and reduce feed cost by 50 ~ 50%. In addition, green feed has a good health care effect on pigs, and the fiber of green feed can fill the gastrointestinal tract; Promote the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract and play the role of a cleaner for fecal excretion. Some pig farmers grow green feed with pig manure and pig urine in order to increase their farming income, and then feed pigs with green feed. In this way, a natural ecological cycle of pig manure and green feed is formed.
Does the state have policy support for ecological pig raising?
1. The state has certain preferential policies on land, water and electricity for animal husbandry.
2. Since 2005, China has implemented the improved seed subsidy policy.
3. The state has special support policies for standardized scale farming of animal husbandry.
At present, China has a subsidy policy for animal epidemic prevention.
In addition to the state's support subsidy policy, in fact, in order to develop characteristic industries, various localities have also introduced relevant support policies. These support policies do not belong to the GSP policies formulated by the state and provinces, and are different in counties and townships. Please consult the local animal husbandry and veterinary bureau for details.
Therefore, in modern times, compared with traditional pig raising, ecological pig raising has more advantages in both environmental protection and market demand.
Advantages of ecological pig raising
Thin padding: 60 cm is enough, saving half the cost. There is no need to add any active agent, nutrient solution, water, soil, salt, etc. Easy to control and maintain, greatly reducing the labor intensity and the cost of auxiliary materials for bed making. No feces, ammonia, etc. High-tech makes raising pigs really easy and easy to succeed. There is no need for simultaneous fermentation. Empty columns for a month or two have no effect.
1, please standardize the construction of fermentation bed.
① Orientation: The enclosure structure should face south, especially in Hunan, about 9 meters west of south.
(2) Wall height and span: the cornice height of pigsty is 2.6-3.5m, and the span of pigsty is 9- 13m. [ 1]
③ Single lap area: it is best to control it between 20-40 square meters, and it is not good to be too big or too small.
(4) The enclosure is directly separated by the fence, which is beneficial to ventilation in the enclosure.
⑤ Windows: Four kinds of windows, namely skylight, floor-to-ceiling window, casement window and ordinary window, are built.
⑥ The roof should have thermal insulation materials (such as foam), which will overheat in summer.
⑦ Water tank and water dispenser: Automatic water tank and water dispenser can be used, and the mouth of the automatic water dispenser is prohibited from facing the fermentation bed to prevent the water dispenser from spraying water to soak the fermented mattress material.
⑧ The cement platform should be kept in the shed, and its width is 1.8-2m, which is suitable for the south. Cement platforms cannot be left in the north.
2, standardize the introduction of farmers to adhere to the self-supporting, try to reduce the purchase of piglets from other places, it is really necessary to buy from other places, must be purchased from disease-free safe areas. After purchase, put it in the observation column to observe and raise it for more than 28 days. During the period, according to the immune situation, conventional vaccines were supplemented to expel parasites inside and outside the body and eliminate stress. After the pig's spirit, eating and excretion were normal, it was put into the pigsty. Wrong way: It is considered that the fermentation bed is a universal bed and a disinfection bed. Without any isolated observation and treatment, it is extremely risky to put foreign pigs directly on the fermentation bed.
3. The feeding management is wrong in the early stage of the fermentation bed.
Be mistaken for a lazy method of raising pigs. The fermentation bed is by no means a lazy pig, and the maintenance of the fermentation bed has a set of standardized procedures:
① Buffer management. For some pigs who don't like arches, the feces should be buried under the padding, and the padding should be turned over and buried regularly.
② Water management. In addition to preventing excessive moisture, the fermentation bed should also prevent the padding from being too dry and dusty. If the padding is too thin and dry, it is necessary to spray water, subject to the fact that the pig can't walk.
③ Ventilation management. The fermentation bed must be ventilated. Generally, the enclosure faces south, with slightly higher terrain, complete four windows and a height of not less than 3.5 meters. The roof should be insulated.
④ Disinfection management. Purchased pigs must undergo strict isolation and disinfection procedures before entering the fermentation bed.