1. Zheng Xie
Zheng Xie (1693- 1765), a native of Banqiao, Jiangsu Province, was the champion of Kangxi in the imperial examination. He was a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong. There is a political voice among officials in Fanxian County and wei county, Shandong Province, asking for relief from the hunger of the people, and they want to be big officials, so they seek medical treatment. Before and after he became an official, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by painting and calligraphy. He is good at drawing orchids, bamboos, stones, pines and chrysanthemums. But he painted orchids for more than 50 years and achieved the most outstanding results. Taking the method of Xu Wei, Shi Tao and the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it has its own method, slim figure and tough style. Calligraphy, with China's eight points mixed into cursive script, claims to be six and a half books. Calligraphy pen is integrated into painting. It advocates inheriting tradition, taking seven and abandoning three, and paying attention to artistic originality and diversification of styles. The so-called "no painting before, no pattern after, no pattern after painting" still has reference significance today. Poetry is sincere and interesting and deeply loved by the people. It can also be cured and printed. There are complete works of Zheng Banqiao, printed copies of Mr. Banqiao, etc.
His masterpiece is a picture of bamboo and stone. Banqiao takes "there is nothing to do in the chest" as the theory. He painted bamboo without the teacher's inheritance, but more from the sunlight and the moon shadow on the paper window powder wall, so he adopted a natural method directly. In response to Su Dongpo's statement that he had a well-thought-out plan, Banqiao stressed that he should have a well-thought-out plan. These two theories seem contradictory, but they are similar in essence. At the same time, they emphasize the high combination of conception and skill, but the method of Banqiao should be "like lightning and thunder, and all plants are angry." Banqiao's "Bamboo Stone Map" shows that bamboo stands tall and straight, rising from the ground. His leaves, each with a different expression, are dark and watery, with distinct shades, vividly showing the texture of bamboo. In composition, Banqiao handled the relationship between the position of bamboo and stone and the words used in poetry very harmoniously. The slender and quiet beauty of bamboo sets off another style of stone. This overgrown plant has become an ideal dreamland for Banqiao. Even Jin Nong, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", lamented the bamboo in Banqiao. Compared with their paintings, the bamboo he painted was not as elegant as Banqiao.
Banqiao calligraphy, which claims to be "six and a half books", is painted in bluegrass, which is very natural and elegant, and the glyphs of seal, official script, grass and kai are extremely diverse. This running script of "Two Rest Yanglin Crossing the Head to the East" embodies the unique formal beauty of Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy art, and the word "Peach Blossom Shore" is particularly beautiful and moving. The unique style of Zheng Banqiao's new book initiated the history of calligraphy.
Lansitu
Shibi orchid bamboo map
Nine orchids
2. Gao Xiang
Gao Xiang Gao Xiang (1688- 1753), a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, was a painter in the Qing Dynasty and one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Household cloth. Good at painting landscapes and flowers. His landscape paintings are based on Hong Ren and Shi Tao, and most of his small landscape paintings come from sketches. Beautiful and elegant, it has its own pattern. Plum paintings are all thin and thin, and they all win with rhyme. He is also good at taking pictures. Jin Nong and Wang's poems are all small portraits printed first, that is, written by Gao Xiang, with concise line drawing and realistic performance. Fine carving, learning process ear. He is also good at poetry, including West Tang Poetry.
In his later years, he often painted with his left hand because of his disability in his right hand. Make friends with Shi Tao, Jin Nong and Wang. In the Qing Dynasty, Li Dou recorded in The Original Boat of Yangzhou: "When Shi Tao died, the Western Tang Dynasty swept his grave every spring until his death." It means that after Shi Tao's death, Gao Xiang visited the grave every spring until his death. We can also see the depth of their friendship from here. In addition to painting landscapes and flowers, Gao Xiang is also good at portraits and prints.
Yangzhou scenery map 1
Finger flick pavilion Figure 2
The second scene in Yangzhou
3. Jinnong
Jin Nong (1687- 1764), a native of Renhe (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province, has long lived in Yangzhou. I have never been an official in my life, and I was recommended to be a scholar and a poet. I entered Beijing and came back without trying. He is well-read and versatile. He began to paint after the age of 50 and was poor all his life. He is good at flowers and birds, landscapes and figures, especially at ink painting and plum blossom. His paintings are simple and simple in shape, elegant in layout and novel in conception. His works include Meme Map and Moon Flower Map. At first, he created a kind of official script, calling himself "lacquer script", which had another interest, and was also called Jin Nong style or Dong Xin style. His strokes are thick and thin, elegant and heavy, and his fonts are mostly rectangular, top-heavy and very beautiful.
Jin Nong (1687- 1763), whose real names are Shoumen, Siniong and Jinji, whose real names are Dong Xin, whose nicknames are Liu Jishan, Qujiang Waishi, Nishino Jushi, Zhejiang Renhe (now Hangzhou), has lived in Yangzhou for a long time. I have never been an official in my life, and I was recommended to be a scholar and a poet. I entered Beijing and came back without trying. Good trip, "half a day's footprint". Learned and versatile, he began to paint after the age of 50 and was poor all his life.
Fine seal cutting and identification, good at painting bamboo, plum, pommel horse, Buddha statue, figure and landscape. You, Mo Mumei, are full of vitality and flourishing leaves. It is also related to Gu Zhuo's stone brushwork, and its style is quaint and simple. His works include Mu Meitu and Moon Flower Map. He is also good at chanting, "Every time you finish painting, there must be an inscription, which is explosive." He is also good at calligraphy, taking the method from Tianfa Qin Shen Monument, Guo Shan Monument and Gulang Monument. Writing official script is very simple. Regular script creates its own style. The so-called "lacquer script" has another interest. It is also called Jinnong style or Dongxin style. The strokes are thick and thin, elegant and heavy, and the fonts are mostly rectangular, top-heavy and very beautiful. Seal cutting existed in Qin and Han Dynasties. His poetry collections include Mr. Dong Xin's Collection and Mr. Dong Xin's Miscellaneous Collection. In Dong Xin, calligraphy and painting inscriptions are compiled into bamboo paintings, plum paintings, horse paintings, self-portraits and miscellaneous paintings. Mo mei dou Fang tu
Chrysanthemum diagram
Gao Wu Yu Ritu
4. Li Shan
Li Shan (1686- 1762), a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu. Kangxi was promoted in fifty years, and in fifty-three years, painting was called a sacrifice of the imperial court. Because I don't want to be bound by orthodox painting style, I am excluded. After three years of Qianlong, he was elected as the magistrate of tengxian and returned to the provincial government. After two different titles and a demotion, he went to Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living. He has the closest relationship with Zheng Xie, so Zheng has the saying that "Yangzhou sells paintings and is old with Li". In his early years, he learned to paint landscapes with Wei, a fellow countryman, and inherited Huang all the way. When he worshipped the court, he learned to paint with Jiang Ting. Later, he asked the master of finger painting for advice and advocated freehand brushwork. In Yangzhou, he was inspired by Shi Tao's brushwork, so he splashed ink with broken pens, and his painting style changed greatly, forming his own unique style. In this style, pen and ink blended into a strange taste. He likes to draw long articles, and his writing style is uneven, which makes the pictures very rich, and his works have a great influence on flower-and-bird painting in the late Qing Dynasty.
Sanyang Kaitaitu
Jiaoe
Bajiaoxuan stone rabbit
5. Huang Shen
Huang Shen (after 1687- 1770) was born in Ninghua, Fujian. He is good at freehand brushwork figures, intercropping flowers and birds, landscapes and bold colors. As one of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, he is an all-round painter.
When I was young, I studied hard and lived in a small temple because of family difficulties. "Books are paintings, and there is no wax at night. I read in the bright light of the Buddhist temple. " He is good at drawing numbers. In his early years, he studied under the official Zhou Dynasty and did more meticulous work. Later, inspired by the original work of Huai Su, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, he painted with wild brushwork and became a freehand brushwork.
Huang Shen's freehand brushwork figures created a unique style of putting cursive script into painting. When Huai Su's cursive script arrived in Huang Shen, it became "bald", and the combination of cotton was intermittent, with more bold brushwork and bolder style. Such a wild brushwork, the brushwork is "swift as the wind", the weather is majestic, and the stippling is like a wind leaf. Huang Shen's figure paintings, mostly based on fairy tales, depict the lives of historical figures and ordinary people such as woodcutters, fishermen, vagrants and beggars in real life, bringing a new breath to figure paintings in Qing Dynasty. Huang Shen's photo album "Beauty Watching Flowers" depicts a beauty's obsession with flowers. The map of Xishan crane is based on Su Shi's Flying Crane Pavilion. On the right side of this picture, there is a white crane. The old man seems to be looking up at the cranes flying in the air. The boy is holding a flower basket, but he is very happy. "I dreamed of Yangzhou Road all my life, and the empty cranes returned" (Huang Shen's "Crane Training in Lin Bu"). Huang Shen lived in Yangzhou twice and spent 17 years in Yangzhou, which became his lifelong attachment. His figure paintings are the most distinctive, including four-LUN diagram, group begging diagram, fisherman diagram and so on. His poems were collected by fellow countryman Hong Lei and compiled into Jiaohu Poetry Collection. The image of holding a piano
Zhong Kui diagram
A photo of a lady holding a bottle.
6. Li
Li (1695 ~ 1755), a poet in China in the Qing Dynasty, was born in Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu), with his real name, alias, Yiyuan and Baiyishan. Living in Jinling Borrowing Landscape Garden, claiming to be the owner of Borrowing Landscape Garden. It is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Born in an official family, he once served as Le 'an County Magistrate, Lanshan County Magistrate, Qianshan County Magistrate and Chuzhou Magistrate. When you are an official, you are "benevolent." Later, he was dismissed for false accusation. After he became an official, he borrowed a garden in Nanjing, became the owner of the garden in his own name, and often went to Yangzhou to sell paintings. Have contacts with Li Shan, Jin Nong and Zheng Xie. Specializing in poetry, calligraphy and painting, good at plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine and fish. He pays attention to the tradition of learning from nature and can be unique. His brushwork is vigorous, his knife method is simple and vivid. It is listed as one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou. There are handed down "Wind Bamboo Map", "Fish Tour Map" and "Meme Map". The author of Plum Blossom House Poetry. He is good at drawing pines, bamboos, orchids, chrysanthemums, plums, miscellaneous flowers, insects and fish, and is also good at drawing figures and landscapes, especially plums. The works are free and unconstrained, full of ink and brush, careless and informal, which is intended to be between Ivy League, Bai Yang and Zhu Han. Plum paintings are famous for their thin and hard stems and new branches, and their sides are curved. "Plum blossom means" is printed in the user's room, and the famous poem Shi Mei has a sentence "Don't blame for being frustrated". I also like to draw pine and bamboo in the strong wind. The work "Shi Neng" was edited by later generations, and there were only 26 poems, mostly scattered in paintings. Wind bamboo
plum blossom diagram
Qiu Jutu
Li is neither from Yangzhou nor has he lived in Yangzhou for a long time to sell paintings, such as Huang Shen and Jinnong. Why did he walk sideways in the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou"? On this issue, 1980 "China literature and history" published in the third series of Guan Jincheng's manuscript "Li Chuan" has been verified. Its main points are as follows: 1. Personality and painting skills are equivalent to those of the other seven people (according to, Jiang, Gao Xiang, Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie,); 2. Before the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Tongzhou was only a scattered state under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou. When Li entered the school in the 57th year of Kangxi (17 18), his native place was Tongzhou, Yangzhou prefecture, so he was from Yangzhou in a broad sense. Li's friendship with the head of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou can be seen from the Flower Map and Three Friends Map created by the above-mentioned people. First of all, Zheng Banqiao admired Li's painting skills and spoke highly of them. Ink bamboo is the best stunt, but he still thinks that Li's ink bamboo is "Dongpo, awesome", and even Su Shi, the master of ink bamboo, is "afraid of it", which shows his high evaluation. As for the ink plum that Li is best at, the discussion is more specific and the evaluation is higher. Five years after Li's death, he wrote "Li Huamei's Long Scroll" and said:
"Zhu Lan's paintings, everyone despises, can't be good. Plum blossom, what the world does not do, is even worse. Only vulgar monks do this. Every time I see a large piece of charcoal propping up my eyes, I feel sick. When Li Sige of Jingjiang is alone on earth, it is difficult to see the work and talk about it. Therefore, his plum painting is the best in the world. Staring at the day, thinking at night, forgetting clothes, forgetting the taste, and then attracting the god of plum, the nature of plum, the charm of plum, and the love of plum, plum also obeys and cannot be cut out. The so-called tailor never cuts, but really cuts; The so-called characterization, never characterization, is the real characterization. It's advisable to stop having fun, and people don't do things. If there are people who don't know, ask Qingjiang. They don't know and can't tell anyone. When I came to Tongzhou to see this volume, my spirit deepened and my interest dropped. Gu Gan, a new branch of this volume, is full of dance, and it is hard to find its ups and downs. I want to sit under it, do my homework for ten days and then go to my ears. " On May 13th, the 25th year of Qianlong, Xie was rambling. "
In this painting, he also wrote a four-character poem;
Megan's bite, Grandpa Mei Tai,
A few petals of ice soul, ancient snow.
According to the same period of Zheng Banqiao's "Portrait of Ding Youyu Painted by Huang Shen" ("Banqiao Painting and Calligraphy Rubbings Collection", the original is hidden in Nantong Museum), "Hao Xiangshan, the servant of Qingjiang Gongli, treasures his master's pen and ink like an arch wall and asks for an inscription for the old man in Banqiao." As we know, Zheng Banqiao's second visit to Tongzhou was in the early summer of the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), when he was 68 years old. Hao Xiangshan, Li's servant, took out the painting of the master he visited in Tibet, and asked for an inscription. Seeing that he had a deep friendship with Li and that Hao Xiangshan was loyal to his master, Zheng happily wrote a poem. Zheng Banqiao came to Tongzhou this time, lived in Qinzao, more than 20 miles north of the city, and visited the Wolf Mountain. In his collection, he left seven wonders to visit the White Wolf Mountain.
This inscription first criticized the plum blossom painted by the layman monk as disgusting; Then, he praised Li Kui Ying's Plum Blossom Picture, which is "hard to see its work" and "the best in the world", and described in detail his artistic experience of painting plum blossoms without cutting or carving, which followed the nature of plum blossoms and did not see artificial carving. Finally, he expressed great appreciation for the plum painting "Gu Gan Xinzhi Impurity Dance", and he was willing to "sit under it and do his homework for ten days before going". This inscription is so specific and profound, full of emotion, and it also reflects that Zheng Banqiao and Liu Yunying have been making friends for a long time, and their contacts are numerous and knowledgeable, which is an important witness to their profound friendship.
In the winter of the sixteenth year of Qianlong (175 1 year), Li borrowed Xiang's garden in Nanjing, and then settled down in the name of borrowing the garden, until he returned to Tongzhou in the autumn of twenty years (1755) due to illness. During this period, he often followed Yuan Mei, a leading literary figure at that time, and talked about poetry and painting, which was very close. In the 20th year of Qianlong (1755), in the early spring of Yihai, Li returned to Tongzhou once and sent poems to Yuan Mei. The eleventh volume of Poems contains three poems, Sending Li Qingjiang back to Tongzhou. There is a cloud in the poem: "Only when the plum blossoms are covered with snow can the people who draw them fly away. An indifferent spring wine makes the four seas rarer. " It is indeed the scene of early spring, and the word "spring" is clearly marked. Li likes painting bamboo. His "Xiaoxiang Wind Bamboo Map" depicts a smelly stone, several bamboo poles, bamboo tips bent and bamboo leaves fluttering in one direction, showing the scene of strong wind.
Draw a poem:
Painting history never draws style. I am good at difficulties.
Please look at Xiaoxiang bamboo feet, full of ears.
Li's "Wind Bamboo Map" has profound implications. He wrote in another title "Wind Bamboo Map":
The waves are floating on the sea, planting bamboo and learning painting behind closed doors.
It is brave to laugh at yourself, but still love the wind.
He has been a local official for 30 years and has been hit hard several times. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), he was appointed as the magistrate of Le 'an, but he was impeached because he didn't have time to ask his boss for relief. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), he was appointed as the magistrate of country-specific ones. Governor Wang Shijun blindly ordered land reclamation, and officials took the opportunity to blackmail the villagers. He resolutely resisted and was thrown into prison, where he suffered a year-long lawsuit. Finally, in the 14th year of Qianlong (1749), he was appointed as the magistrate of Hefei. These are what he called "waves floating on the sea". The officialdom was too dark. He abandoned his official position to learn to paint bamboo and became a "painter". His character remains unchanged. "Self-mockery is brave", he despises tradition, despises authority, and loves to paint violent winds to pin his indomitable spirit of resolutely fighting against harsh environment. In Li's works, gale is a symbol of indomitable spirit, but it is only one aspect of the painter's character, reflecting his struggle with evil forces. On the other hand, his concern and sympathy for the lower class people made the weathering in his works become a spring breeze that made everything flourish and made the working people get a warm breeze. He wrote in the poem "Painting Plums":
The ink mark on the paper is new, and the plum blossom is the cutest.
I am willing to ride the wind to the distance, and my hometown will be a spring.
He hopes that the lovely plum blossoms will be blown to every household by the wind, so that every household can enjoy the fragrance of plum blossoms and feel the warmth of spring. The wind on this day is a warm wind and a breeze completely different from the strong wind. It can be seen that Li's love for writing style is the full embodiment of his distinctive personality.
Strange stone poems in pine trees
(Qing) Li
Don't you see, this year's cold,
Where to ask for grass.
Goodbye, Joe pine,
Qingqing corrected again.
Heaven and earth are unintentional, and everything is true.
Going straight to the mountains, the scenery is unparalleled.
A thousand years later, we are still frozen and snowy.
Support Tianjue high and firm,
Under the dry spring breeze and blue sky. [ 1]
This poem depicts the firmness and simplicity of pine trees, and shows the author's unyielding character and integrity of honesty and frankness. It also passes through the lofty and unyielding rocks, reflecting the noble character of the poet's maverick.
7. Wang
Wang (1686- 1759), a native of Shexian County, Anhui Province, made a living by selling paintings in Yangzhou. Flowers and plants, pen at will, colorful. He is especially good at painting plums and often goes to Meihualing outside Yangzhou to enjoy and write plums. Plum blossoms are famous for their dense branches, elegant and beautiful, Jin Nong said; The beauty of painting plum lies in the fact that Guangling has two friends, Wang Chao's forest painting is numerous, and Gao Xitang's painting is sparse. But judging from his paintings of plums, not all of them are flourishing, but they tend to be thinner. No matter how simple or complicated, you have time to wrap up the fragrance and enjoy the snow and mountains. At the age of 54, he was blind in his left eye, but he could still draw plum blossoms. When he showed his beauty, he engraved: he was born blind in his left eye, but he still kept one eye for plum blossoms. Sixty-seven years old, blind, but still able to write weeds, but also pay attention to the mind. Turning a blind eye is not turning a blind eye to one's own heart. Good poem, author of Selected Poems in the Nest Forest.
Xuemeitu
White peach blossom map
Spring breeze fragrance release map
8. Luo Pin
Luo Pin, (1733- 1799), whose real name is Dunfu, whose real name is Liangfeng, whose real name is Huasi monk, Jinniushan, Zhou Yufu and the old man. Famous painter in Qing Dynasty, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Originally from Shexian County, Anhui Province, I lived in Yangzhou. He once lived in Tommy Lane, Caiyi Street, calling himself "Zhu Cao Shilin". I am a disciple of Jin Nong. I am not an official, so I am good at traveling. Painting figures, Buddha statues, landscapes, flowers and fruits, plums, orchids, bamboos, etc. , omnipotent. The writing style is fantastic, aloof and unique. He is also good at drawing funny pictures of ghosts and describing all kinds of ugly ghosts, which are extremely wonderful to satirize the ugliness of society at that time. He is also a poet, and he is the author of Night Vanilla Hall. He is also good at seal cutting, and he is the author of Biography of Guangyin People. After Jin Nong's death, he collected manuscripts and contributed engravings, so that Jin Nong's works could be passed down to later generations. His wife, Fang Wanyi, named Bai Lian, is also good at painting Meilan bamboo stones and poems. Both Zi and Yun Yong are good at painting plums, so they are called "Luo Pai". Representative works include: Weather Outside Things (Picture Book), Two Peaks Covered with Flowers, Autumn Height in Dangui, Sunrise in the Shade, Singing in Gu Qing, Painting Bamboo with Sound, etc.
Bird training map
Finger painting gourd painting
Lady finger painting
The market situation and price differentiation of the verb (verb's abbreviation) "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" are a group of painters who were active in Yangzhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Their artistic personality is distinct and their styles are weird, especially in the art market, represented by Zheng Xie and Jin Nong. There are many works handed down by the Eight Eccentrics, which have a large circulation in the art market. But historically, its overall market trend is not very strong. The reason is that in the middle of Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics were deeply involved in the market and had a strong commercial atmosphere, so the quality of one's works was mixed, and the situation of one's works was different. Some works are badly damaged and have poor appearance because of years of hanging. Therefore, the price differentiation of this plate in the market is becoming more and more obvious. The prices of famous works are stable and high, while the prices of general works are low.
Among the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", Zheng Xie's works exist in a large amount in the world. No matter in terms of volume or turnover, they all occupy a large share in the Eight Eccentrics and have been at the forefront of the market. Since 2003, not only the prices of Zheng Xie's works have risen to a new stage, but also the prices of several other "Eight Eccentrics" have started to rise, which really led to the rise of the whole plate. In the auction market in 2004, the trend of transaction price differentiation of this plate became more and more obvious. The prices of Zheng Xie and Jinnong are among the top gainers, and the fine works of other painters in the Eight Eccentrics can still achieve good results, but the prices of ordinary works are average. Judging from the trend chart of Zheng Xie's personal works turnover index, its price rose rapidly from the end of 2004, and rose again in 2005, and the price of fine works basically remained at a high level. In 2006, the price of Zheng Xie's works reached a new level. The auction volume of works is 133 pieces, with a turnover of 68 pieces, with a turnover rate of 5 1% and a total turnover of 365 1.23 million yuan. There are 1 1 lot with a transaction price of more than one million yuan, among which the transaction price of "You He Lan Quan Tu" put forward by Beijing Jiabao in the spring auction reached 8.36 million yuan, setting a historical price record for Zheng Xie's works.
Jin Nong is a prolific painter and calligrapher. Although there are many works in Jinnong's market, the price of his paintings and calligraphy works has not been very high. Since 2005, Jin Nong's masterpiece has been highly sought after. The vertical axis of the regular script "The Story of Jinniu Rock" published by China Guardian (1745) was sold for 6.5438+0.87 million yuan. In the auction market in 2006, the volume and turnover increased greatly. As far as works are concerned, the vertical transaction price of "Four Wheels Map" launched by Ming Dow is as high as 5.28 million yuan, setting a new high for Jinnong's works.
Other Eight Eccentric painters, such as Hua Nie and Shan Li, are also active in the market. In 2006, the vertical axis of Hua Nie's Desire for Red, Sweet and Willow was sold at Jingrongbao auction for 310.9 million yuan, while Li Yi's Fine Book of Landscape Flowers, Birds and Fruits was sold at the same auction for10.485 million yuan, and Luo Pin's mirror core of Xiangxue Map was sold at Christie's in Hong Kong10.399 million yuan.
This shows the popularity of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" famous products in the market. The general feature of the works of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" in the auction market is that the transaction is very active, in which the price of fine works has increased obviously and the transaction record has been broken repeatedly, showing an upward floating trend on the basis of high-end prices, while the transaction price of general works is flat and the price differentiation is increasingly obvious.