20 19 During the winter solstice, the sunrise and sunset time in Beijing is from 7: 25 am to 4: 35 pm.
Introduce the winter solstice, which is a special season among the 24 solar terms. Dou refers to the winter solstice, that is, when the sun runs to 270 degrees longitude. The solstice of winter marks the arrival of winter. The winter solstice was called "short day" or "short day" in ancient times. During the winter solstice, the direct sunlight reaches the southernmost point of the year. The sun is almost directly on the tropic of cancer, and the sun is most inclined to the northern hemisphere; Therefore, in all parts of the northern hemisphere, the winter solstice is the shortest day in a year, and the farther north, the shorter the day.
North of the Arctic Circle, the sun is below the horizon all day, which is the widest polar night in the northern hemisphere. For all parts of the northern hemisphere, the winter solstice is also the day with the lowest sun height at noon all year round. In this winter, the northern hemisphere received the least solar radiation, about 50% less than the southern hemisphere. According to the year number in Zai Ji: "Summer solstice and autumn equinox, spring to winter", it can be seen that the ancients thought that the winter festival was the first sound of spring. After the solstice in winter, the night sky is completely replaced by the starry sky in winter. From that day on, "Nine" began. At this time, the southern hemisphere is in a hot summer.
The reason for this festival is that "the winter solstice is as big as a year" is widely circulated among the people. The winter solstice is also called "off-year". First of all, the arrival of the winter solstice means that a year is coming and a new year is coming, so the ancients thought that the winter solstice was as important as the New Year. The second is the importance of winter solstice. The solstice in winter has both natural and humanistic connotations. It is not only a natural solar term, but also a traditional festival to worship ancestors. The winter solstice festival comes from the solar term "the sun rises in the winter solstice and the sun rises in the world". The ancients believed that the sun rose in the heavens and the earth from the winter solstice, and the sun rose in the winter solstice. Therefore, the ancients regarded the winter solstice as an auspicious day, and offered sacrifices to gods and ancestors during the winter solstice, forming a festival custom.
The custom of winter solstice festival in Han dynasty was not recorded in writing before. The Han Dynasty was the first great development period after the unification of China. The economic and cultural exchanges between the North and the South make customs merge with each other, which provides good social conditions for the spread and popularization of holiday customs. At that time, the winter solstice was the "Winter Festival", and the government held a congratulatory ceremony called "He Dong". Official holidays are regular, and the custom of "worshipping winter" is popular in officialdom.
From 055 to 79000, it was also recorded: "Around the winter solstice, gentlemen lived quietly, and officials refused to listen to political affairs, so they chose auspicious days to save trouble." It can be seen that on this day, the imperial court was closed, and relatives and friends sent meals to each other and visited each other, and they had a "quiet" holiday happily.
During the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, the solstice in winter was called "Purple Year", and people should pay tribute to their parents and elders. The winter festival prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties. After the Song Dynasty, the winter solstice gradually became a festival to worship ancestors and gods. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the emperor held a ceremony to worship heaven, which was called "Winter to Sun Suburb Day". During this period, there are also folk customs such as ancestor worship and family banquets. Therefore, the winter of solstice is called "off-year".