(1) China was the first country to establish a feudal system, which was the most advanced country at that time; ② Unity is the mainstream of history and the society is relatively stable; (3) Domestic economic and cultural exchanges are frequent, and all ethnic groups learn from each other. * * * co-founded the Gulong culture, and they can constantly absorb foreign advanced culture to improve themselves; ④ China's agricultural handicraft industry has been in the leading position in the world for a long time, which has promoted the development of science and technology; ⑤ The hard work and creation of the broad masses of working people.

Thought:

1, Qin Dynasty: Legalist thought was adopted as the thought of governing the country.

2. Early Han Dynasty: Governing the country with the Taoist thought of "governing by doing nothing". (1) Reason: There were frequent wars in the late Qin Dynasty, and the social and economic damage was serious. In the early Han Dynasty, in order to resume production and reassure people. (2) Countermeasures: The rulers absorbed the Taoist thought of "governing by doing nothing" and adopted the policy of sharing interest with the people. Such as reducing land rent, exempting Shu Ren from selling herself as a servant, letting a large number of soldiers go home, granting farmland houses, exempting certain taxes and corvees, etc. (3) Role: After more than 60 years of recuperation, the economic strength of the Han Dynasty gradually recovered and grew, people's lives were stable, society was prosperous, and national strength was increasing day by day.

3. During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the policy of governing the country was changed from "inaction" to "promising". On the one hand, after more than 60 years of rest and recuperation, the economic strength of the Han Dynasty was gradually restored and enhanced, and the people's lives were stable, the society was prosperous, and the national strength was increasingly enhanced. On the other hand, there is also a potential crisis in society. The growing influence of vassal states, the fierce land annexation and the invasion of Xiongnu all threatened the stability of the Western Han Dynasty. Third, in order to strengthen centralization and adapt to the situation of national unity, developing positive and promising political thoughts has become the need of the times.