Cultivation techniques of Hericium erinaceus ⅰ. Overview of Hericium erinaceus
Hericium erinaceus (bull. erfr) pers。 Also known as Hericium erinaceus and cauliflower mushroom, it is a favorite food of our people? Shanzhen? . Produced in Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Zhejiang and other provinces in China. In recent years, farmers have been planting artificially at home.
Hericium erinaceus is a rare edible fungus with rich nutrition and delicious taste. It is one of the eight great delicacies in China. According to the determination, every 100g dry product contains 26.3g of protein, 4.2g of fat, 44.9g of carbohydrate and 6.4g of crude fiber. Contains a variety of amino acids, including 7 amino acids needed by human body. It also contains a variety of vitamins and mineral elements, and has good pharmacological effects.
Second, the growth conditions of Hericium erinaceus
The growth conditions of Hericium erinaceus, such as temperature, humidity, sunshine and air, have special requirements compared with other edible fungi. Only by meeting the growth and living conditions of Hericium erinaceus can Hericium erinaceus achieve high yield, stable yield and high quality.
1. Nutritional status
The growth of Hericium erinaceus most needs carbon source materials, such as cottonseed hull, sawdust, sucrose, corncob and so on. Another nutrient that Hericium erinaceus needs is nitrogen source, such as amino acids, bran, rice bran, rapeseed cake, corn flour and urea.
2. Environmental conditions
2. 1 temperature: The suitable temperature for the growth of Hericium erinaceus mycelium is 24-26℃. The higher the temperature, the finer the mycelium will be. The suitable temperature for primordium differentiation of fruiting body is 16-20℃, which is lower than 12℃. The fruiting body is orange and bitter. When the temperature is higher than 25℃, the fruiting fungi are long, and the balls are small and soft, which will form branches, while some strains cannot form fruiting bodies.
2.2 Moisture and humidity: Hericium erinaceus is cultivated artificially, and the suitable water content of the culture medium is 60-65%. The relative humidity of air in mycelium growth stage is 60-70%, and that in fruiting body growth stage is 85-95%. Hericium erinaceus is sensitive to the relative humidity of the air, with low humidity, yellow fruiting body, short thorns and high humidity, exceeding 95%, which is easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria.
2.3 Oxygen and carbon dioxide: Hericium erinaceus seeds are cultivated artificially. If the concentration of carbon dioxide in mushroom shed or mushroom house exceeds 0. 1%, the fruiting body will not develop normally and form deformity. Under the condition of ensuring the relative humidity of air, ventilate regularly to ensure that there is enough oxygen for its normal growth.
2.4 light: Hericium erinaceus mycelium growth stage does not need light, strong light inhibits mycelium growth. The primordial differentiation of fruiting bodies needs some scattered light, while the growth and development of fruiting bodies generally need 200-400LX illumination. When it exceeds 65,438+000 lx, the fruiting body will turn red and the quality will decrease.
2.5 PH: Hericium erinaceus likes acidic environment, and the mycelium can grow at PH 3-8, and the suitable PH is 5-6.
Third, site selection
Choose a good ecological environment, excellent water quality, no toxic and harmful gases, sewage and other pollution sources around 300 meters, and the environmental conditions meet the requirements of NY50 10 pollution-free breeding.
Fourth, determine the planting season.
Hericium erinaceus should be inoculated in the autumn equinox (late September) until Xiaoxue (165438+1late October) produces 1-2 batches, and another batch will be produced in the next spring.
Five, the main equipment of Hericium erinaceus cultivation
The main equipment for Hericium erinaceus cultivation includes mushroom room, mushroom room, inoculation room, sterilization bag, inoculation tool, culture rack, normal temperature sterilization furnace, high-pressure steam sterilization pot, pulverizer, blender and so on.
Six, cultivation techniques
1. Reasonable selection of raw materials and preparation of culture medium.
Reasonable formula: ① sawdust 4%, cottonseed hull 40%, wheat bran 18%, sucrose 1%, gypsum powder 1%. ② 82% cottonseed hull, 0/5% wheat bran/kloc-,2% gypsum powder and 0/%phosphate fertilizer. ③ Cottonseed hull 38%, sawdust 20%, waste tremella bucket 20%, wheat bran 16%, corn flour 3%, phosphate fertilizer 1% and gypsum powder 2%. The water content of the formula is about 60%, and the pH value before sterilization is 5-6.
bale
Prewet the cottonseed hull with the same amount of water, then add other raw materials and stir evenly, and use a 750 ml strain bottle or 14 cm? 27 centimeters? 0.0045cm polypropylene plastic bag material. The surface of the material is smooth and dense, and the interior is loose, and the loading should be completed within 6 hours.
disinfect
Sterilize at high pressure (125℃) for 2 hours, and at normal pressure (100℃) for10/2 hours.
4. Inoculation and culture
When the material temperature drops below 28℃, put the strain bottle (bag) into the inoculation room for inoculation. Before inoculation, clean the room and fumigate with sulfur powder 10- 15g/m3 for 24 hours for sterilization. Move the sterilized bag into the inoculation room and put it in place, turn on the switch of the ozone generator installed in the inoculation room, turn off the switch after half an hour, and stop for another half an hour. Inoculators wear clean work clothes, wash their hands and enter the inoculation room to prepare for inoculation. Inoculation method is the same as routine.
With the development of mycelium, the temperature in the bag increased, which was 2℃ higher than the room temperature. At this time, the room temperature should be adjusted to about 25℃. After 16 days, the mycelium gradually entered the vigorous metabolism stage, which should be controlled at 20℃-23℃.
5. Mushroom management
If the temperature of the culture room is suitable, the bag will be full in about 30 days, and the mushrooms will be moved into the mushroom shed and released. Clean the mushroom shed before entering the shed, light it with sulfur powder of 10- 15g/m3 in several places for 24 hours for sterilization, and then enter the shed [www.nczfj.com]. Each shelf is horizontally placed with 4 layers of bacterial bags, and * * * is placed on 16 layers.
5. 1 temperature: the temperature of mushroom shed should be controlled between 16-20℃, not lower than 12℃ or higher than 23℃. When the twisted primordium of mycelium is formed, the rope tied to the bag is untied, and the primordium extends outward through the mouth of the bag.
5.2 Humidity: Increase the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed. Water spraying and moisturizing: the original base is gradually sprayed outward through the loosened bag mouth, with light spraying and less spraying. When the fruiting body grows day by day, spray lightly and spray more, instead of spraying water directly on the fruiting body. Observe the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom shed at any time through a hygrometer to ensure that it reaches 85%-90%.
5.3 Air: Pay attention to ventilation while controlling temperature and moisturizing. The mushroom room should be ventilated at least twice a day. Don't let the wind blow the fruiting body directly. A film cover can be hung on both sides of the south and north vents to prevent the fruiting body from shrinking after being blown by the wind.
5.4 Illumination: During the fruiting period, ensure 200-400lx illumination in the shed and make it uniform. Use a photometer to make the fruiting body white and strong. Generally, the temperature is suitable and the management is proper, and the fruiting body and maturity are about 10- 12 days.
Seven, timely harvesting
The standard of fruiting body maturity is that the fruiting body is white, the fungus thorn is about 0.4cm, the shape is round, the ball is solid and can be picked. If the fruiting body has turned yellow, the length of the thorn is about 1cm, and a large number of spores begin to erupt, indicating that it is mature.
Harvest method: hold the base of the fruiting body with one hand, hold the fungus bag with the other hand, unscrew it gently, put it in a bag box or basket, and transport it away for sale in time.
Eight, clever management of regenerated mushrooms
Hericium erinaceus can generally harvest 3 batches, and some can also harvest 4 batches, but the first batch 1-2 has high yield and high grade, generally accounting for 80% of the total output. The cultivation of regenerated mushrooms is to stop spraying water for 3 days after the first batch of mushrooms are harvested; Uncovering the film and ventilating for 12 hours to shrink the surface of the harvested mushroom roots and prevent mildew; Then adjust the temperature to 23℃-25℃, and let the mycelium accumulate nutrients. Primordium appeared in about 5 days, and bud formed in about 10 days. At this time, the temperature decreased to 16℃-20℃, and the air humidity increased to about 90%, which made the fruiting body grow healthily.