1. Health care should pay attention to the harmony between man and nature. Huangdi Neijing, a classic of traditional Chinese medicine, first put forward the concept of "correspondence between man and nature". It is pointed out that people live in nature, which is also one of the components of nature, and their physiological activities are constantly adjusted and adapted by the influence of nature. The changes of cold, hot and cool all the year round are formed by the ups and downs of yin and yang in a year. Because of the changes of yin and yang in the four seasons, there are biological development laws of long summer, long autumn and long winter storage.
Complex changes in nature will inevitably affect all aspects of the human body. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, there are three Yin San yang, six qi and five elements in the sky, and the human body also has three Yin San yang, six qi and five elements in exercise. The change of natural climate directly affects the movements of Yin and Yang, Six Qi and Five Elements, while the physiological activities and pathological changes of human body depend on the coordination of Six Meridians and Five Zang Qi.
The movement of yin-yang and five elements in nature corresponds to the movement of qi in the five internal organs and six meridians of the human body. Man and nature are an inseparable whole, and human life activities are closely related to nature. It can be seen that people must adapt to various changes in nature. Only in this way can we conform to nature, achieve the unity of human body and natural environment and maintain health. This is the basic principle that health care should follow.
Under the guidance of the corresponding holistic view of harmony between man and nature, the traditional health preserving theory of the motherland holds that all life activities of the human body must conform to the objective laws of the ebb and flow of yin and yang at four seasons and the transformation and substitution of twenty-four solar terms.
Throughout the year, it is sunny in spring and summer and cloudy in autumn and winter. Natural solar terms also change with climate change, such as growth in summer, harvest in autumn and storage in winter. Therefore, in spring, people should naturally maintain the yang; Yin Qi should also be maintained in autumn and winter, so there is a saying that "Yang is raised in summer and Yin is raised in autumn and winter". This requires people to make appropriate adjustments to their spiritual activities, daily routine and diet according to the changes of the four seasons. In terms of work and rest time, we should also conform to the changes of the four seasons, so as to achieve "regular daily life", "lying late and getting up early" in spring and summer, "lying early and getting up early" in autumn and "lying early and getting up late" in winter. Among the five flavors of diet, the intake should be more regular. Hunger, satiety or partial eclipse will harm the viscera and affect health.
2. Health preservation needs the unity of form and spirit, which is another concept of TCM health preservation, and its main purpose is to strengthen the unity of physical exercise and psychological adjustment. The so-called form refers to the external performance of the whole human body and is the material basis; The so-called god refers to the inner expression of people's spiritual consciousness, thinking and life activities, and is a functional role. God is the master of form, and form cannot be separated from God. God is the master of all life activities, which can not only coordinate the changes of viscera, qi, blood, yin and yang, and maintain the balance of human body's internal environment, but also adjust viscera and other organizations to actively adapt to the changes of nature and buffer the emotional stimulation caused by external factors, thus maintaining the balance between human body and external environment.
God is born in form, and God is not born in form. God is the product of form, and form is the foundation of God. Pathologically speaking, the pathological changes of the body will lead to mental abnormalities, and the changes of the spirit will also affect the changes of the physiological functions of the body. Form and spirit depend on each other and restrict each other, which embodies the overall dialectical relationship of human body.
Huangdi Neijing clearly put forward the idea of "harmony between form and spirit". For example, Su Wen Gutian Wenzhen said that "the form and spirit are in harmony, and you can finish your life and die at the age of 100", and proposed that you should use external evil (when avoiding evil) to cultivate your form, and use internal qi to replenish your spirit (indifferent to nothingness and qi). Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history, and there are many specific methods to preserve your health, but in summary, there are actually two kinds of methods: "preserving your form" and "preserving your spirit":
"Shape cultivation" mainly refers to the cultivation of viscera, qi and blood, body fluid, limbs, facial features and nine orifices, and "shape is the divine mansion", so only when the shape is complete can normal spirit be produced. The specific content of fitness is very extensive. All the ways of keeping in good health, such as adjusting diet, saving work and rest, living cautiously, avoiding cold and heat, and physical exercise, qigong and other fitness exercises, are mostly important contents of keeping fit. "Nurturing" must adapt to the ups and downs of yin and yang in four seasons and the conversion and substitution of twenty-four solar terms.
"Nourishing the spirit" mainly refers to stabilizing the mood and adjusting the spirit. "Nourishing the spirit" is influenced by the ups and downs of Yin and Yang in four seasons and the conversion and substitution of twenty-four solar terms. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the change of human spirit and emotion is an important part of human physiological activities. In general, "spirit" is the "reactive response" of the body to various external stimuli. It not only reflects the normal psychological activities in the process of life, but also can enhance physical fitness, resist diseases and prolong life. However, if the mood swings are too violent or last too long, it will hurt the five internal organs, affect the qi, blood, yin and yang of the human body, and lead to many diseases.
God can't leave the form, but if there is no God in the form, life is over. The unity of form and spirit, health preservation only "both form and spirit", "both form and spirit", can maintain the health and longevity of life.
3. Pursuing dynamic balance in health care Chinese medicine believes that human life activities are a dynamic and relatively balanced process maintained by the interaction of various factors under the influence of internal and external environment. The internal environment includes the functional state, mental and psychological state of human organs. The external environment includes the natural environment (region, climate) and the social environment where people live. Imbalance can lead to organic and functional diseases.
All kinds of physiological activities of human body are carried out in a dynamic way, and "equality" is achieved through adjustment. Traditional Chinese health care attaches great importance to the dynamic balance of yin and yang, qi and blood, and viscera, and believes that balance can achieve the purpose of eliminating diseases, strengthening the body and prolonging life, so health care pursues balance or harmony.
① Balancing Yin and Yang is the most important concept in TCM. The so-called Yang, … generally refers to being active, ascending, hyperactive or functional; Sympathy refers to yin, and a wisp refers to calmness, decline, functional decline, or organic aspects. Yin and Yang have the relationship of mutual growth and decline, mutual transformation, mutual opposition and mutual restriction. The so-called coordination of yin and yang is to stabilize the balance of yin and yang. 1' refers to the dynamic balance of normal physiological functions of various parts of the body itself; Second, it refers to the relative balance between body function and material exchange in nature. In this regard, Huangdi Neijing has long pointed out: "Yin Pingyang is the secret, and Qi is the rule; Yin and Yang are separated and refined. " It means that only when Yin and Yang are peaceful and secret can the spirit live in peace. If yin and yang are separated, people's essence will be exhausted. This is a high generalization of human physiology and pathology, which shows that harmonizing yin and yang is of great significance to maintaining human health and preventing diseases. The balance of yin and yang in human body is the premise of health and longevity, health preservation and disease elimination. The balance of yin and yang of human body is dynamic, and the human body can maintain a healthy and stable state.
② Balance of Qi and Blood Qi and blood is the material basis of human life activities. Qi can produce blood, and blood can transform qi into gas, and the two complement each other. When the balance of qi and blood is out of balance, there will be pathological changes such as stagnation and failure of qi and blood, which will lead to dysfunction of viscera and meridians. Therefore, maintaining the normal metabolism and circulation of qi and blood is a necessary condition to maintain health, and regulating qi and blood to balance it has become an important method to prevent and treat diseases.
(3) Zang-fu balance Complex life activities of human body are dominated by five zang-fu organs, which is a comprehensive reflection of zang-fu functions. It is necessary to coordinate the physiological functions of zang-fu organs to make them an organic whole. "All the twelve officers. You can't lose each other, so you can be safe when you are in charge and live long when you are healthy. The world is not dangerous, thinking that the world is prosperous. " In other words, if the five internal organs of the human body cooperate with each other under the command of the heart, they can live a long life. It can be seen that health preservation must keep all functions and activities of human organs (especially heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) normal. To maintain the healthy function and normal activities of the human viscera, one is to keep the five zang-organs adapted to the external environment; The second is to make the internal organs diarrhea, and the third is to apply the law of the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine to correct the deficiency of internal organs in time.