Say goodbye to Dong
Su Shi? Song dynasty
I am full of life, I am full of poems and books.
Tired of cooking leaves with old Confucianism, it is better to step on Sophora japonica with children.
If it's empty, you can't find a spring horse or see a car.
Proud of the secular, Sun Wong wet words such as crow.
Translation and annotation
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Although life is wrapped in coarse clothes, the temperament learned in the chest is naturally glorious.
I don't like chatting with the old scholar about the bitter days of "cooking leaves", so I decided to take the imperial examination with the scholar.
Although I can't see the flowers on horseback like Meng Jiao, I also have the opportunity to be surrounded by a "husband car" to show off myself.
Zhongju can also boast to secular people that your name is written in black on the imperial edict by crows.
To annotate ...
Dong Chuan: He Zhi was born in Luoyang (now Henan). I once made friends with Su Shi in Fengxiang. Song Shenzong died in the second year of Xining (1069).
Rough silk fabric.
Dabu: refers to ancient coarse cloth. "Zuo Zhuan Gong Min Two Years": "Wei Wengong is a big cloth, the crown of big silk." Du Pre-note: "Big cloth, coarse cloth." Packaging: experience.
Career: the process of life. The text "Master Zhuangzi": "My life is limited, and my knowledge is limited."
Abdomen: chest, metaphor for academic success.
The Book of Songs: It originally refers to The Book of Songs and The Book of History. This refers to books in general.
Qi: external mental outlook.
Hua: Rich and beautiful.
Old Confucian: an old scholar. Tang Mourong's poem "Sending Zhou Shaozhou" said: "Ten years of learning Taoism is poor and lonely, and it takes a long time to be worthy of the old Confucianism."
Ye Xian: Xiaoya, the title of The Book of Songs. * * * Four chapters. According to the preface of the poem, the doctor stabbed King You. Or a poem about swallows drinking. The two sentences in the first chapter are: Zan Zan Ye, collected from it.
Juzi: Refers to the scholars who are recommended to take the exam.
Sophora japonica: the dried flowers and buds of Sophora japonica, a leguminous plant. Harvest in summer when flowers bloom or buds form, dry in time, and remove branches, stems and impurities. The former is called "Sophora japonica" and the latter is called "Sophora japonica".
Stepping on Sophora japonica: In the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying that "Sophora japonica is yellow and busy with raising children". When the Sophora japonica leaves, it is time for the exam. Later, it was called "stepping on Sophora japonica" because of taking part in the imperial examination.
If the bag is empty, don't do it. Quoted from "Biography of Shi Yu's Plays": "The performance is a small house, but it is still a feast." Gaudi took the body and looked at it himself. It was dark and sharp, and there was a broken awn. Q:' How many years have you been here?' The joke said,' It has been 30 years since Brown was first released, and it is not easy for the poor. Quoting Meng Jiao's poems without directly quoting his poems will only "see all the flowers in Chang 'an in one day." Poetry is transformed into "spring horse"; Quoting the story that Wan Yu didn't do things easily because he was poor for 30 years turned into "nothing in his pocket", and the two allusions merged into one sentence, full of twists and turns. Empty pockets: Empty pockets mean no money. Tang Du Fu's poem "Empty Capsule": "Empty Capsule is shy, so you can save one yuan to read it."
Looking for a Spring Horse: Quote Meng Jiao's poem "After Graduation": "In the past, filth was not enough to brag, but today it is full of debauchery. Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and you can see Chang 'an flowers all in one day. "
Husband selection car: refers to the carriage in which the daughter of the official Jia family rides and parades the streets to show off her husband. In the Tang Dynasty, scholars released lists, such as giving a banquet in Qujiang Pavilion. The whole family of the Communist Youth League saw it that day, and BMW was tall, so I chose a good husband here. See Poems about Things in the Tang Dynasty written by the Five Dynasties Kings.
Pride: that is, "spring breeze pride", which means that Huang Bang won. Tang Zhao wrote in the poem "Wen Fu Du Gao Deng Di": "Lovers are proud of their youth, so where can they get drunk tonight?"
Secularity: the customs and habits circulating in society. "Wen Zi Daoyuan": "Praise falsehood confuses the world, pervert confuses the public, and saints don't think about the secular."
Imperial edict: An imperial edict written in yellow paper is called imperial edict. "Southern History Wang Shaochuan": "Gong Di acceded to the throne, moved to Huangmen Assistant Minister, and was made, and the western province remained unchanged. The imperial edict has its words. "
Words like crows: black words written on imperial edicts. It is said that Lu Tong, a native of the Tang Dynasty, "suddenly overturned his conviction and put ink on it, like an old crow smearing poetry books".
Make an appreciative comment
Su Shi's "Farewell to Dong" may not be well known to ordinary readers, but the sentence "I am full of poems" is widely read because it classically expounds the relationship between reading and people's cultivation. Scholars in China have always regarded reading as an effective way to accumulate knowledge and increase learning. The function of reading is not only to possess knowledge, but also to enhance people's spiritual realm. In particular, frequent reading will make people break away from low-level tastes and develop an elegant and refined temperament over time. Liang Zhangju, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: "People who are not bookish are vulgar and vulgar, and should not be listed among the literati." Facts have proved that people who study and those who don't study, those who read more and those who read less, show different internal qualities and qualities. "Having a poem in your belly" means reading a poem and being knowledgeable, and "Qi" can be understood as "temperament" or "mental outlook". The whole sentence focuses on "self", emphasizing that gorgeous temperament is the inevitable result of reading poetry books.
As far as Dong Chuan, a friend of Su Shi's farewell, "Qi" should not only refer to the elegance brought by reading, but also refer to the optimistic and open-minded attitude advocated by ancient literati in the face of life's frustration and embarrassment. Yan Hui, a disciple of Confucius, can "eat and drink once in a while, in a mean alley" and "never change his pleasure". When Wang Bo was down and out in life, he sang, "Be poor and strong, and never fall into the blue sky." . Dong Chuan is very poor, but he always maintains an optimistic spirit and pursues his own goals in life, which can be seen from the sentence "I don't want to find a spring horse with an empty pocket". Obviously, Su Shi still appreciates Dong Chuan's attitude towards life. What you give to your friends when you leave is both a compliment and a comfort.
The sentence "boasting in poetic spirit" clarifies the inevitable connection between reading and elegant temperament, which is concise and won readers' love. Today, people quote it to show that reading and seeking knowledge can cultivate people's noble character and elegant temperament. It is also used to praise others for their profound knowledge and extraordinary tolerance.
Creation background
The poem "Farewell to Dong Chuan" was given to Dong Chuan when Su Shi left office and Fengxiang signed a sentence to go to Bianjing and passed through Chang 'an. In A.D. 106 1 year (the sixth year of Jiayou), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called the "three-year Beijing Examination", entered the third class, and was awarded the judge of Fengxiang House in Dali, accompanied by Dong. Dong Chuan is down and out in Fengxiang, preparing to take the imperial examination. Su Shi wrote this poem after returning to Chang 'an in the second year.
Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi, (1037 65438+10.8-165438+August 24, 0),No. Zizhan, He Zhong, a famous Taoist of tin cans, Dongpo Jushi,No. Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (Sichuan Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. Vertical and horizontal text; Poetry has a wide range of themes, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin"; Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu, they are also called "the four great writers of the ages". His works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, Ancient Wood and Strange Stone Atlas, etc.