(1) Determine the production mode
What kind of production mode to adopt must be decided according to the local comprehensive conditions such as economy, climate and energy, and finally achieve economic, social and ecological benefits. You cannot copy a production mode that hard copy is not applicable to. For example, small-scale intensive farming will lead to high investment and low utilization rate of fields, thus increasing production costs. It is also intensive breeding, and boars and sows to be bred can be raised in the same house (different bars) or separately; Sows can be raised in fixed positions or in small groups. The feeding mode, feeding mode, drinking mode and dung cleaning mode of all kinds of pigs need to be determined according to the production mode.
(2) Determine the production rhythm
Production rhythm refers to the time interval (days) between two groups of lactating sows. In a certain period of time, a group of sows are artificially inseminated or naturally mated, so that a certain-scale production group can be formed in time after conception, so as to ensure that a certain-scale lactating sow group can be formed after delivery and a specified number of piglets can be obtained. The production rhythm is generally 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 days or 10 days, depending on the scale of the pig farm. For example, large enterprises with an annual output of 50,000 ~ 65,438+10,000 commercial pigs can implement the 1 day or 2-day system, that is, a batch of sows are bred, farrowing, weaning, piglet care and slaughter pigs every day; Enterprises with an annual output of 1 0,000 ~ 30,000 commercial pigs implement the 7-day system; Smaller pig farms generally use 18 days or 12 days.
(3) determining process parameters
In order to accurately calculate the structure of pigs, that is, the number of pigs, the number of sites, feed and products required by pig houses, it is necessary to determine the production process parameters realistically according to the pig variety, productivity level, technical level, management level and environmental facilities. Table 1 lists the technological parameters of a pig farm with ten thousand heads.
Table10,000 technical parameters of commercial pig farms
(4) Calculate the structure of the pig herd.
According to the pig farm scale, production technology and production conditions, the production process is divided into several stages, and different types of pigs are formed at different stages, and the pig group structure is formed by calculating each group of pigs.
Take a pig farm with an annual output of 10000 commercial pigs as an example: the annual total litter size is 1 193 (litter size is 10, and the survival rate from birth to slaughter is 0.9×0.95×0.98), the production rhythm is 7 days, and the lactating sows are 23 per week. The delivery rate is 95%, the estrus pregnancy rate is 80%, the survival rate of suckling piglets is 90%, the survival rate of suckling piglets is 95%, and the survival rate of growing and finishing pigs is 98%. The structure of pig group is shown in Table 2.
Table 20,000 Pig Farm Pig Group Structure
Table 20,000 Pig Farm Structure (Continued)-1
(5) pigsty equipment
Whether modern pig production can be carried out according to the technological process depends on whether the pigsty and site configuration are reasonable. The type of pigsty is generally divided into pig herds according to the size of pig farms, and the number of farms needs to be calculated accurately. The method for calculating the site demand is as follows:
Number of pig houses in each feeding group = Number of pig houses+Disinfection empty house time (days)/production rhythm (7 days)
Number of columns in each group = number of pigs in each group/feeding amount in each column+number of moving columns.
Total number of pigsty in each feeding group = number of fields in each group × number of pigsty groups.
If empty sows and pregnant sows are raised in small groups and lactating sows are raised online, the disinfection time is 7 days, and the number of farms with 10,000 pigs is shown in Table 3.
Table 30,000 pig farms, the number of pig houses in each feeding group (reference)