Over 100 years old, Bei Zhangshi's taste, smell and touch functions are still very good, but his hearing and visual functions gradually decline from 1999 to 96 years old. When talking to someone, the family will write big characters for him with a watercolor pen, or write them on the palm of the old man's hand with their fingers. Bei Zhangshi looked at every word carefully with a magnifying glass, and occasionally he would protest when he encountered too many words: write simply!
Bei Zhangshi has never been seriously ill in his life, and he has never been hospitalized before he was 98 years old. Except for a normal physical examination, he doesn't go to the hospital and rarely takes injections and medicines.
When summing up his longevity experience, Bei Zhangshi believed that he mainly benefited from four aspects: being indifferent to fame and fortune, being generous to others, exercising properly and paying attention to nutrition.
It is 3000 steps from the residence of No.1 in Beijing Zhongguancun to the Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. This road has been going on for 40 years in the Northern Zhang Dynasty. Today, this senior academician, who is over 100 years old, no longer travels between the two places, but a few years ago, he still insisted on walking 3000 steps in his room, corridor and balcony every day to simulate the steps from home to the laboratory. I also made up a set of movements, massaging hands, feet and head, and moving all joints of the whole body, and practicing it twice a day. Bei Zhangshi loved labor since he was a child and always talked about self-reliance to minimize the burden on others.
In diet, his principle is to eat well in the morning, eat well at noon and eat less at night; Don't be picky about food, mix meat and vegetables, pay attention to nutrition and calories, and pay attention to the combination of protein, fat, carbohydrates and minerals when eating. Except for three meals a day, he basically doesn't eat snacks; I don't eat cold food except fruit. All the food is hot, so I never have any gastrointestinal problems.
When Bei Zhangshi was studying in Germany, smoking was popular among students, and he also learned to smoke. I have been smoking for 60 years. In the early 1980s, I said I would give up smoking and never smoke again. He never takes other tonics and nutriments, but insists on taking four tablets of vitamin B complex and six tablets of vitamin C every day. The reason why Bei Zhangshi insists on taking vitamin B complex and vitamin C every day is because maintaining the balance between cell disintegration and cell reconstruction according to his own cell reconstruction theory is an important link in fighting tumors and cardiovascular diseases and maintaining and improving brain function. The balance between cell decomposition and cell reconstruction is maintained by the balance of oxidation and reduction systems. Eating a certain amount of vitamin B complex and vitamin C can maintain the balance of redox system, thus fighting against tumors and cardiovascular diseases, maintaining and improving brain function and maintaining health.
Bei Zhangshi likes to get along with young people. A group of young people are active around him, and Bei Zhangshi has great research and cooperation with them on a subject. Bei Zhangshi believes that the elderly should not only associate with old friends, but also make more "forget friends". Young people are energetic, enterprising, quick-thinking, quick to accept new things, and make more friends with young people, which can make the elderly sprout childlike innocence, adjust their psychology, maintain a happy mood, and eliminate unhealthy emotions such as loneliness, loneliness, irritability and depression. This is the "secret" of a centenarian and biologist. The second hometown is the carrier of beautiful feelings in every wanderer's heart, and it is also the colorful childhood memories treasured in the wanderer's heart. Bei Zhangshi left his hometown when he was young, and now he speaks Mandarin with a Zhejiang accent when he is old. "Beijing has been in prison for decades, but he just can't speak well." .
As a teenager, Bei Zhangshi studied in Hankou and Shanghai. At that time, he went home every winter and summer vacation.
Bei Zhangshi often recalls the past to people, remembering that when he went to a private school, he skipped the small Qingshiqiao in the town every day and walked through the countryside full of rape blossoms. The green trees are full of sweet fruits, and the century-old locust tree next to the private school is his childhood paradise. Speaking of interesting stories in childhood, Bei Zhangshi suddenly became young, with a vivid smile on his face and a deep homesickness beyond words.
1903 10 June 10, Bei was born in Zhenhai county, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, a family that has been farming and fishing for generations. Bei Zhangshi's grandfather was a poor fisherman. When I was a child, Bei Zhangshi often heard that fishermen in villages and towns went fishing and capsized and lost their lives, which deeply touched him. My father worked as an apprentice and a shop assistant when he was a child, and later opened a small shop in Hankou. Finally, he worked as the treasurer of China in the "comprador room" of German businessman Gantai Foreign Firm, and supported his family with his meager income. When I was a child, Bei Zhangshi was taciturn but diligent in thinking. Growing up, no matter what happened, he always asked why.
Father sometimes takes Beckham Zhang Shi to Shanghai on business. Those new sights that Bei Zhangshi had never seen often prompted him to keep asking questions and thinking hard. He has seen tugboats and boatswain paddle very fast, but the "Jiangtian Steamboat" on the river makes Bei Zhangshi wonder: how can the "Jiangtian Steamboat" move without tugboats and boatswain paddle? There is no lamp oil in the engine room. How can the lamp be lit? Bei Zhangshi was puzzled. In Shanghai, Bei Zhangshi saw more strange things: rickshaws are different from rural unicycles, pulling rickshaws in front and pushing unicycles behind; On the bustling Nanjing Road, there is a wooden "foreign model" with yellow hair in the shop window, which can turn by itself. Bei Zhangshi was shocked. He didn't understand how Woodhead could turn by himself. Bei Zhangshi also saw a real electric light at her aunt's house, which was turned on and off by pulling it up and down. Bei Zhangshi thinks it will be much more convenient to have this thing in the country. Every time I go to Shanghai, Bei Zhangshi feels an eye-opener, and his heart is full of infinite reverie, which keeps opening the door to his curiosity and exploration.
Father doesn't talk much, but he likes reading at ordinary times, and his life is very regular. He often warns Bei Zhangshi to put things in a fixed place so as not to rummage around and waste time. Under the influence of his father, Bei Zhangshi has developed good living habits since childhood. Things are never misplaced, and the clothes in the cupboard are neatly folded.
Due to his poor family, Bay Zhang Shi entered the "further education school" in his hometown at the age of 8. In order to get rid of the pain of "illiteracy", her mother placed great hopes on him to go to school, and specially rented a school uniform, including a red tassel hat, a sky-blue satin coat and a pair of black satin boots, and sent him to school with dignity. My mother once said word for word to Bay Zhang Shi: "Son, if a person wants to succeed, he must be educated. Eminem (mother) suffered from illiteracy all her life. You must give Eminem a good chance to study hard and be a promising person. " On the first day of school, I worshipped Confucius first, and then Mr. Liu, who began to write, taught "Heaven, Earth, Sun and Moon, Landscape and Civil Engineering" and drew a red pen with an ink pen. At that time, Bei Zhangshi was very happy. Everything he sees every day can be recorded in words. Well done!
Two years later, Bei Zhangshi transferred to Baoshan School in another big town. Four years later, he was admitted to middle school with excellent results.
19 15. After Bei's father changed his profession, he opened a shop in Hankou, then took Bei to Hankou and sent him to Dehua Middle School run by Germans. German textbooks are mostly used in this school. Except Chinese, history and geography, other courses are offered by German teachers. Three and a half years later, Bei Zhangshi finished his middle school studies.
1922 In March, with the full support of his parents, Bei Zhangshi went to Germany to study and embarked on a scientific journey to explore life. When recalling his own life path, Bei Zhangshi was full of gratitude to his parents. He said: "My parents' teaching has benefited me for life. I take the spirit of diligence, tolerance and kindness of my parents as my motto, and I am determined to overcome all difficulties and strive for the cause of science for life. " Three, "Everything in heaven and earth goes against the journey, time flies, a hundred generations of passers-by, and life is like a dream ..." Speaking of his initial interest in life science, Li Bai's Preface to the Spring Banquet Peach and Plum Garden, which Bei Zhangshi read when he was a child, was deeply impressed. In another article, Li Bai wrote: "When chaos first opened, Gankun began to drink, and the gas was weak. Those who float are the sky, and those who sink are the ground. " It also had a profound influence on Bei Zhangshi, who felt very philosophical and realized that the universe was created by nature, not by God.
Studying in Dehua Middle School in Hankou has enlightened North with scientific knowledge. At that time, there were many science books in the school, almost everything, including astronomy, physics, chemistry, minerals, plants, animals and even the human body. Although they are all shallow, they are very extensive and systematic. Bei Zhangshi likes reading these books and has learned a lot about scientific enlightenment.
19 18 One day in the autumn, 15-year-old Bei Zhangshi bought an original German book, Proteome by E. Fischer, and was very interested. Although he had a little knowledge, he initially understood that proteome was very important to life, which also made him interested in life-related disciplines. Who would have thought that this popular and simple book describing the structure and composition of protein attracted Bei Zhangshi's heart like a magnet. 19 19 In the spring, he went to work in a foreign company against his father's wishes and was admitted to Shanghai Tongji Medical College (the predecessor of Tongji University). After entering the school, she first studied German in Germany for half a year, and Bei Zhangshi was promoted to the pre-medical school of Tongji University.
During this period, Mr. bocks, who taught anatomy at that time, impressed Mr. Bei Zhangshi the most and benefited the most. He teaches without manuscripts and handouts. During the lecture, he used maps and objects to compare with each other, explained carefully and vividly, and taught seriously and responsibly, which made Bei Zhangshi interested in morphology.
1922, Bei Zhangshi studied in Germany. The University of Freiburg admitted that Tongji Medical College can immediately change its pre-medical major, but Bei Zhangshi changed his "route" and studied natural science in Frejborg, Munich and Tubingen, focusing on zoology. In the beautiful land surrounded by the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, Bei Zhangshi spent all day interacting with books and instruments, taking the laboratory as his home and studying hard. He not only studied biology, but also studied physics, chemistry, geology, paleontology and other courses, and taught himself some mathematics, looking for every opportunity to participate in experiments or field practice. These university study activities have benefited Bei Zhangshi a lot.
At the beginning of 1924, the tutor of the Department of Zoology of Tubingen University wrote a doctoral thesis entitled "Cell Constants of Two Parasitic Nematodes" to Bei Zhangshi. After deep thinking, Bei Zhangshi suggested that parasitic nematodes were not suitable for experiments, because they could not be cultured, and the worms were too big, too many cells and opaque to do experiments. However, the free-living nematode-vinegar worm, which grows in vinegar, can be cultured in diluted vinegar, which is small, transparent, easy to observe and beneficial to the experiment. The tutor agreed with him. In this way, Bei Zhangshi successfully carried out experimental research on life cycle, changes in various development stages, cell constants, regeneration and so on. Two papers were published in 1927 and 1928, one of which was his doctoral thesis "Life Cycle Stages of Vinifer and Its Influence by Experimental Morphology". Bei Zhang Shi's doctoral thesis shows his extraordinary talent and is praised by German biological authorities. J.W.Harms, an authoritative biologist, sent a congratulatory letter to Bei Zhangshi's tutor, congratulating him on cultivating an outstanding biological talent, and quoted a large section of Bei Zhangshi's paper in his own paper. 1 928 March1day, Bei Zhangshi completed the "triple jump" from undergraduate to doctoral, and was crowned the first doctor degree in natural science. But after all, Bei Zhangshi is a beginner in biology, and some people call him "Dr. Silver". 1928- 1929, Bei Zhangshi worked as a teaching assistant in the Department of Zoology of Tubingen University, and engaged in scientific research under the guidance of the famous experimental biologist J W harms.
Bei Zhangshi stayed in Germany for eight years. During these eight years, he learned the methods and techniques of scientific research, mastered academic thoughts, accumulated research experience and formed his own research style. He pays attention to order and everything is meticulous and orderly. He doesn't publish papers easily. The work is finished and the first draft of the paper is written. He always puts it there and is not in a hurry to take it out. He is always deliberating or inventing experiments. His papers are always as short as possible.
At that time, there was no * * * focusing and no two-photon microscope. In the Leitz optical microscope used by Bei Zhangshi, all the producers are hand-painted. His paper contains 80 such detailed pictures, each of which is very realistic and amazing after reading.
Fifty years later, in March of 1978, due to his long-term work in the front line of scientific research and outstanding scientific research achievements, Tubingen University awarded him a doctorate in natural science ("Dr. Jin") again. After 10 years,1March, 988, the University of Tubingen awarded the Doctor of Natural Science ("Doctor of Diamond") to Bei Zhangshi for the third time. Bei Zhang Shi is the only person in the world who is so favored by Tubingen University.
From the beginning, Bei Zhang Shi emerged, which attracted the attention of German academic circles. Western society, which pays attention to technical benefits and fierce academic competition, will naturally do everything possible to keep this young talent. However, the material temptation and the tutor's advice did not shake Bei Zhangshi's determination to return to China.
1In the autumn of 929, Bei Zhangshi left Tubingen University and returned to the poor and backward motherland. At that time, it was not easy to find a suitable job in China, but after some twists and turns, Bei Zhangshi established the Biology Department of Zhejiang University in Hangzhou in April, 1930, and was hired as an associate professor and head of Zhejiang University in August. After teaching, Bei Zhangshi continued to explore in the field of science.
During more than 80 years of scientific exploration, Bei Zhangshi has made many scientific achievements. The main research work includes animal individual development, cell constant, regeneration, intermediate products, sexual transformation, chromosome structure, cell reconstruction, insect endocrine glands, crustacean eye stalk hormones and so on. Among them, the research on cell reconstruction is the most prominent.
Since studying in Germany, Bei Zhangshi has started the research of experimental cytology. 1in the spring of 932, crustacean intersexuality was observed in the paddy field ditch of a pine plantation in the suburb of Hangzhou. This phenomenon is the discovery of a new method of cell reproduction, which breaks the traditional concept that cells can only divide from mother cells. Bei called this phenomenon "cell reconstruction", and in 1934, he reported the research results at a seminar of biology department of Zhejiang University, and published a paper entitled "Reconstruction of germ cells among harvesting insects", which established Bei's academic position as a famous cell biologist in China. During his 20 years in Zhejiang University, Bei successively served as an associate professor, professor, dean of the department and dean of the school of science, and trained many students, which promoted the development of biological science in China and had far-reaching influence. Bei Zhangshi is not only an outstanding educator, but also an outstanding organizer and leader of scientific research.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Bei Zhangshi traveled between Beijing and Hangzhou to help establish the China Academy of Sciences. From 1950 to 1954+0, China Academy of Sciences established the academic secretariat, and Bei was transferred to the academic secretary of the academic secretariat. Bei Zhangshi moved his laboratory to Beijing.
During that time, Bei Zhangshi devoted a lot of energy and time to scientific organizations. He was one of the original initiators of the establishment of China Academy of Sciences, and also participated in the formulation of many important plans for the scientific development of New China. Biophysics is a new frontier discipline gradually formed after the mid-20th century. As early as 1940s, Bei Zhangshi had an insight into the general trend of mutual penetration between physics and biology, and was convinced that biology would change from descriptive science to quantitative science. In 1950s, he creatively organized physicists, chemists and mathematicians to cooperate with each other, and applied the ideas, methods and concepts of physical science to the research of life science, so China produced biophysics.
From 65438 to 0958, under the leadership of China Academy of Sciences, Bei was in charge of establishing the Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences on the basis of Beijing Institute of Experimental Biology, with Bei as researcher and director, which marked the formal establishment of biophysics as an independent discipline in China and laid a solid foundation for its vigorous development.
1964, the first national biophysics academic conference was held under the leadership of Bei Zhangshi, and some problems in biophysics were reported at the conference, pointing out that the combination of biology and physics is the inevitable trend of the development of natural science, and this combination will produce a series of important discoveries in the field of biology, just like the combination of biology and chemistry. Under his leadership, China Biophysics Society was founded in 1980. At the inaugural meeting of the Society, Bei was unanimously elected as the chairman of China Biophysics Society. 65438-0985, Journal of Biophysics was founded, and 80-year-old Bei Ren was the editor.
At the beginning of the international space industry, Bei Zhangshi set up a cosmic biology laboratory with great foresight, and cooperated with relevant departments. During the two years from 1964 to 1966, five biological sounding rockets were launched, and biological samples and experimental animals on board were successfully recovered.
After nearly a century of exploration, I have explored the essence of life, but this profound and three-dimensional understanding is incomparable when I was young. At that time, I might only be interested in a thin and independent life. 2 1 century is an era of comprehensive and in-depth development of life sciences, and the pursuit of longevity by human beings is no longer a dream.
Bei Zhangshi is knowledgeable and has many academic part-time jobs. He tried to finish all the social work he shared. In view of Bei Zhangshi's outstanding achievements in science, in 2003, according to the declaration of the National Astronomical Observatory of China, the International Asteroid Center and the International Asteroid Naming Committee officially approved the name of the asteroid, with the international permanent number of 360 15, which was discovered by the Observatory on 196 10.