Canine stomatitis is an acute and chronic inflammation with symptoms such as redness, foaming, ulceration and salivation in the lips, buccal membrane, palate, gums and tongue body of dogs. According to the nature of inflammation, it can be divided into ulcerative, necrotic, fungal and vesicular.
【 Etiology 】 Physical factors: For example, when dogs chew bones, fish and other foods, they are injured by sharp bone chips and fishbones; Or bite and scratch each other when fighting; Stabbed by nails and iron sheets when biting foreign objects; Falling injuries in high corridors and hillsides.
Chemical factors: such as accidental licking of chemical drugs such as strong acid, strong alkali and strong oxidant.
Nutritional factors: improper distribution of nutrients, serious lack of some essential substances, such as selenium, manganese and other trace elements, vitamin B, vitamin C and so on.
Poor physical function: such as aging, tissue cell aging, chronic metabolic diseases, wasting diseases, etc.
Bacterial virus factors: such as candida albicans, spirochete, Clostridium, etc.
【 Symptoms 】 In the acute stage of stomatitis, the dog's lips will suddenly swell, become red and fester, and the buccal membrane, gums, maxilla and tongue in the oral cavity will become red, drooling, unable to eat without eating or wanting to eat, with a painful expression, and attached to the owner, gradually losing weight. If you don't see a doctor in time, it will often turn into chronic stomatitis. Different types of oral inflammation have different symptoms.
Ulcerative stomatitis: this type is mostly chronic, often complicated or secondary to systemic diseases, such as canine distemper. Extensive superficial ulcer lesions often appear in the oral cavity, and secretions attach to the nose and lips.
Necrotizing stomatitis: This type is mostly ulcerative stomatitis that has not been treated in time. In addition to a large number of necrotic tissues in the dog's mouth, there is a dirty gray-yellow oily pseudomembrane on the ulcer surface, and the lesions are obvious and distributed in spots.
Mycotic stomatitis: the mucosa in the oral cavity is white or grayish white, with spots slightly higher than the surrounding tissues, obvious lesions and flushing around. This type is mostly caused by dogs with serious diseases and long-term use of antibiotics.
Vesicular stomatitis: this type of stomatitis is often due to the imbalance of vitamins, trace elements and nutrients; Strong acid, strong salt and strong oxidant of dog bile; Suffering from some systemic diseases. There are star-shaped blisters on oral mucosa and lips.
[Treatment] The principle is to find out the causes and eliminate them first, and actively control inflammation.
1. In addition to the cause of common cases, the cause can be found by asking, asking and smelling. Individual sick dogs have a bad temper, plus inflammation and pain, and they can't open their mouths, so they can be anesthetized. If there is a foreign body inserted, it should be pulled out; If the tooth is eaten by insects, the diseased tooth should be pulled out and repaired; If too much tartar causes gingival hyperplasia and hypertrophy, tartar should be removed; If it is because of other systemic diseases, it is necessary to carry out systemic treatment for this disease; If malnutrition leads to the lack of trace elements and vitamins, we should improve the feeding conditions, change the feeding food, and diversify the food types as much as possible. If conditions permit, dogs can be fed special full-price food.
2. For symptomatic treatment, rinse oral lesions with 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution or 2% ~ 3% boric acid aqueous solution, 1 ~ 2 times a day; If there is too much oral secretion, it can be washed with 1% alum solution; Apply 2% ~ 3% iodine glycerin or 1% gentian violet liquid to the ulcer focus.
3. Use antibiotics to control the diffusion, and take cefalexin orally, 0.05 ~ 0. 1.25g/ time, 3 ~ 4 times/day; Clindamycin 10 mg/kg, intramuscular injection, 2 ~ 3 times/day; Amphotericin b 0.5 ~ 1 mg/kg, intravenous injection, every other day 1 time; Vitamin B and C supplementation, 30mg/kg, twice a day, intramuscular injection or oral administration.
4. Anaphylaxis treatment of allergic reaction, chlorpheniramine 2 ~ 3 mg/kg, 1 ~ 2 times/day; Diphenhydramine, 1 ~ 3 mg/kg, 1 ~ 2 times/day, acute allergy can be combined with adrenaline, 0. 1 mg/kg, intramuscular injection.
5. Give supportive therapy to dogs that can't eat. Glucose saline can be injected or infused intravenously, 100 ~ 400ml/ dog, 1 time/day; Oral cod liver oil, liquid food or soft food. Note that this disease is prone to secondary pharyngitis in dogs and should be treated in time.
(2) Canine gastritis
Canine gastritis is an acute and chronic inflammatory reaction of canine gastric mucosa.
【 Etiology 】 Dog gastritis is often stabbed by eating bone spurs, fishhooks, hair, bamboo sticks, plastics, toys and other foreign bodies by mistake. Ingesting indigestible food and rotten food, feeding irritating drugs such as aspirin, paracetamol and sulfanilamide; Or because of some systemic diseases such as infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, chronic wasting diseases and septicemia.
【 Symptoms 】 Acute gastritis: It often occurs suddenly with obvious symptoms. Most of the symptoms are thirst, vomiting after drinking, refusing to eat and crouching, or sticking Liang Yu on the abdomen and chest, frequent vomiting, intestinal inversion, yellow and frothy saliva, even bloodshot, painful expression, rapid dehydration and emaciation, which affects the intestines, such as canine parvovirus disease.
Chronic gastritis: mostly occurs in old dogs and dogs after serious illness, with poor taste, poor appetite, indigestion, vomiting due to cold, abdominal pain, crouching, thin body, burning hair and so on.
[Treatment] The principle is to expel foreign bodies, protect the stomach wall and inhibit vomiting. Acute gastritis stage: fasting and drinking to inhibit static vomiting. Intramuscular injection of Emerson, vitamin B6, atropine and chlorpromazine; Intravenous infusion of sodium lactate chymosin solution, dextran injection and glucose saline 100 ~ 400ml/ day; Vitamins c, k, dexamethasone, hemostatics, antibiotics, etc.
Chronic gastritis stage: gastric mucosal protective agents, such as clay, bismuth subnitrate, aluminum hydroxide and drugs for reducing gastric acid secretion, such as formamide, 4 mg/kg, 2 ~ 3 times a day, can be used for intramuscular injection; Oral motilium, 10mg/ time, 1 ~ 2 times/day, multienzyme, pepsin, etc.
(3) Canine enteritis
Canine enteritis is an acute and chronic inflammatory reaction of canine intestinal mucosa. Characterized by diarrhea.
【 Etiology 】 There are many factors that cause enteritis in dogs, but the common ones are infectious diseases such as canine distemper, infectious hepatitis and parvovirus, parasitic diseases such as Toxoplasma gondii in dogs, enteritis caused by eating spoiled food and food contaminated by bacteria, and occasionally enteritis caused by foreign bodies, chemicals, metabolic disorders, colds, abdominal chills and gastritis.
【 Symptoms 】 The typical symptoms of enteritis are abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased stool frequency and irregular stool. Because of different parts of enteritis, it has its special symptoms: such as duodenum and small intestine inflammation, often accompanied by vomiting; When the colon is inflamed, the feces are thin and soft, and the water sample is sandwiched with mucous membrane, which makes it difficult to defecate and has a strong and unpleasant smell. Hemorrhagic enteritis of small intestine with black or dark green and dark brown feces; Hemorrhagic enteritis of large intestine, with blood clots or bloodshot on the surface of feces; Enteritis caused by acute pathogenic microorganisms, dog body temperature rising, listlessness, loss of appetite, severe diarrhea, rapid dehydration, emaciation and even death; Chronic functional enteritis, dog indigestion, dry stool, poor appetite, emaciation, slow response, lying more and moving less.
[Treatment] Make clear the cause, mainly treat the cause, and then take corresponding auxiliary measures according to specific symptoms.
For enteritis caused by pathogenic microorganisms, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs such as norfloxacin, lincomycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sulfanilamide, Virulin and Radix Isatidis should be selected.
For enteritis caused by parasites, drugs such as praziquantel, albendazole, levamisole, triamcinolone acetonide, imidacloprid, effamycin, furazolidone and sulfanilamide should be selected.
Generally, any enteritis should be controlled by diet. During the illness, oral rehydration salts should be fed, and liquid foods such as rice porridge and broth that are easy to digest and absorb should be fed.
Adjust the balance of water and electrolyte to prevent acidosis. Patients with severe diarrhea often receive injections of glucose saline and sodium bicarbonate. And symptomatic treatment, accompanied by vomiting, plus metoclopramide and motilium; For patients with intestinal bleeding, vitamin K3, tourniquet and Anluoxue are added. For patients with severe diarrhea, tannic acid protein, clay and atropine are added; For people with weak heart, strengthen cardiotonic drugs, that is, strophanin K, etc.
(4) Constipation in dogs
Constipation is a common symptom of dry feces in dogs. This disease mostly occurs in middle-aged and elderly pet dogs.
【 Etiology 】 There are many reasons for constipation in dogs, which can generally be summarized as follows: dogs are in the middle-aged and elderly stage, suffering from physiological failure, reduced food intake and passive qi and blood biochemistry, resulting in insufficient body fluid and constipation.
Pet dogs live in cities, keep company with their owners, live in cubicles, lack exercise, reduce consumption, lose gastrointestinal function, slow peristalsis and become constipated.
Love dogs like children, only feed them delicious food, which makes the dog's taste higher and higher. They only like braised pork, braised pork, floss meat and even the meat in hot pot. They don't eat any other bland, nutritious food that helps digestion and absorption, and they don't want to drink water, which leads to long-term constipation.
Long-term strenuous exercise in the wild, hot weather, lack of drinking water, excessive water loss but insufficient replenishment can also lead to constipation.
Dogs with fever, intestinal and anal diseases, parasitic diseases, chronic wasting diseases, mechanical obstruction and drug-induced diseases can all cause constipation.
【 Symptoms 】 There are many factors and clinical symptoms of dog constipation, but they can generally be divided into two types: deficiency constipation and excess constipation.
Deficiency constipation: slow fever, loss of appetite, insufficient drinking water, excessive urine dripping, dry stool, no defecation for several days, occasional defecation, but unable to discharge, occasional small group discharge, emaciation of dogs, poor spirit, lethargy, sparse hair loss, etc.
Solid constipation: intense fever, sudden non-eating, abdominal fullness, restless abdominal pain, hard feeling, growling, often accompanied by vomiting. The dog has been squatting, but he wants to shit and his face is painful. Occasionally, a small amount of dilute manure is ejected from the anal side.
[Treatment] Deficiency constipation is mainly fluid replacement, while solid constipation is mainly defecation. Commonly used treatment methods are
1. Infusion of compound normal saline with 8% of the dog's body weight once a day for several days can change constipation caused by insufficient body fluid.
2. Enema with warm soapy water or 2% baking soda water, and slowly send it to rectum with enema device. The amount of water depends on the size of the dog, and 80 ~ 100 ml is appropriate. When enema, let the dog be low in the front and high in the back, and the injected water will not flow out immediately. Later, let the dog move freely to defecate.
3. Moisten the intestines with a rubber tube, and inject an appropriate amount of oily liquid such as paraffin oil, castor oil and glycerin into the anus to moisten the intestines and relax the bowels; Or squeezing kaisailu into the anus can also relieve constipation.
4. When the above method is ineffective due to too much feces and too long time, the feces can be mashed out with surgical instruments or the fingers of the operator.
5. Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Natrii Sulfas, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Fructus Cannabis, and Radix Ophiopogonis are decocted in water, 65,438 0, twice a day.
6. Silver needles are effective in needling canine tooth fossa, Zusanli, Guanyuan and Stomach Root.
(5) Dog diarrhea
Canine diarrhea is a syndrome of gastrointestinal dysfunction, dyspepsia and malabsorption in dogs. It shows that the number of dog stools increases, the feces are not formed and the weight drops rapidly. Puppies are frequent
【 Etiology 】 There are many reasons for dog diarrhea, including: ① Dogs overeat or eat undigested food, and the food is not digested and absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, and the food is almost discharged as it is, resulting in diarrhea; ② Dogs can't digest and absorb food normally due to enteritis and gastritis, and food is discharged with inflammatory products, resulting in diarrhea; ③ Canine diarrhea secondary to infectious diseases such as canine parvovirus disease and coronavirus disease; ④ Dogs suffer from diarrhea due to cold, and their gastrointestinal peristalsis is accelerated; ⑤ Dogs suffer from intestinal parasitic diseases or diarrhea due to eating unclean hygienic food; ⑥ Dogs have a single food, lack fat-soluble vitamins, and diarrhea due to the difficulty in digesting fat; ⑦ Dogs have diarrhea due to gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by hepatitis, pancreatitis and intestinal tumor.
【 Symptoms 】 The frequency of defecation in sick dogs increases, and the feces are shapeless, thin and watery, or have mucus, foam, food residue and bloodshot. Smells sour, wakes up or stinks. Hypervocal bowel movement, abdominal pain and squatting. After a long time, the dog is emaciated, the anus is slack, even proctoptosis or rectal prolapse, the hindquarters are polluted, the spirit is listless, the appetite is poor, the body temperature drops, and the dog dies of heart failure.
[Treatment] The principle is to clarify the cause, treat the cause, and aim at the condition, supplemented by symptomatic treatment.
1. Diarrhea caused by treating dogs is often secondary to some infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, intestinal tumors, hepatitis, pancreatitis, etc. Measures should be taken against the primary disease, and the primary disease will be cured and the diarrhea will naturally recover.
2. Infusion infusion can quickly replenish the water and electrolyte lost by diarrhea in dogs and restore the balance between body fluids and electrolytes. Compound glucose saline, Ringer's solution, sodium bicarbonate and other solutions are often used.
3. hunger strike a temporary hunger strike can reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and help the recovery of gastrointestinal function, thus shortening the time of diarrhea.
4. Help digestion. Feed vitamin B 1, pepsin, lactase, etc. Dogs with diarrhea can regulate gastrointestinal function, help the stomach digest and absorb food, and achieve the purpose of stopping diarrhea.
5. Sterilization Feed the dog with antibacterial drugs such as norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin to kill intestinal pathogens, eliminate gastrointestinal inflammation and stop diarrhea.
6. Give the dog antidiarrheal drugs such as tannic acid protein and clay.
7. Chinese medicines such as Coptidis Rhizoma, Radix Aucklandiae, Fructus Chebulae, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Poria, Callicarpa, Akebia, etc. Decoct in moderation.
8. Acupuncture points such as kennel, Zusanli, stomach, intestine and spleen.
(6) Canine rectal prolapse
Canine rectal prolapse is a disease in which the posterior end of rectum turns outwards and protrudes out of anus. Rectal mucosa prolapse, congestion and edema, looks like sausage. Dogs of all ages can happen.
【 Etiology 】 Rectal prolapse is often caused by constipation, frequent exertion, strong defecation and random defecation in dogs. Or it is because the dog has diarrhea and abdominal pain, which is urgent and heavy, and it is difficult to defecate. It is the intestines that are to blame; Or because the fetus is too big to give birth, it is difficult to blame and expel the rectum; Or due to long-term diarrhea, weakness, anal relaxation, rectal prolapse.
【 Symptoms 】 The anus is turned out outside the rectum. At the initial stage, the intestinal mucosa was congested and flushed, and a short column protruded outside the anus. Later, the intestinal mucosa was depressed with blood edema, and the color gradually changed from flush to purple-brown. Dogs are upset, and their hindquarters wipe the floor or things, frequently blaming them, trying to eliminate this uncomfortable phenomenon. After that, there were many rectal prolapse, and the intestinal mucosa was scratched, polluted and blackened, hanging outside the anus, like sausages, and even necrotic.
[Treatment] Reduction is the main treatment for rectal prolapse in dogs, supplemented by surgical resection.
1. Generally speaking, the reduction treatment of rectal prolapse in dogs can achieve good results. First, the dog's hindquarters were cleaned and detoxified, 2% procaine was injected around the anus for anesthesia, the prolapsed rectum was punctured by acupuncture, and the intestine was wiped with 4% warm alum solution. After the blood stasis is released and the intestine becomes soft, it is slowly sent back to the anus. After the rectum is restored, sew a cigarette bag around the anus and remove the stitches after 7 days.
2. Surgical resection is feasible for the intestinal segments of dogs with long-term rectal prolapse and severe necrosis or ulcer.
3. Nursing the dog, feeding a small amount of liquid food within 2 days after operation, reducing gastrointestinal pressure and contributing to the recovery of the intestine. Give the dog an appropriate amount of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs to help the rectum recover. Control the dog to wipe the anus to prevent the suture from breaking.
(7) Dogs catch a cold
Dog cold is an exogenous disease in dogs, which is characterized by fever, fear of cold, cough and runny nose. It can occur all year round, but it is more common in winter and spring when the climate is changeable.
【 Etiology 】 It is mostly caused by sudden change of climate, sudden change of cold and heat, unstable external functions of the dog's body and defense, and invasion of external evils. Exogenous pathogens mainly refer to six evils and epidemic diseases. The pathogenic factor of apoplexy caused by six evils is the main external cause, because wind is the first of six evils, and wind easily attacks the lungs. Wind evil is often accompanied by cold and heat, so there are two kinds of dog colds: wind-cold cold and wind-heat cold.
The lungs are delicate and dirty, and the hair is more than beard. The lung is covered with moss, which governs the exterior of the whole body and reveals the nose. Pathogens invade the lungs, and the defensive qi is not declared, resulting in a series of respiratory diseases such as chills, fever, stuffy nose, runny nose and cough.
【 Symptoms 】 Dog colds can be divided into wind-cold colds and wind-heat colds.
Cold and common cold: sick dogs are listless, do not think about eating, have cold nose and ears, fear of cold and sudden hair, hunchback, aversion to cold and heavy heat, cold nose and no sweat, runny nose or repeated sneezing, thin and white tongue coating and tight pulse. If the cold is suppressed for a long time, it will turn into heat.
Wind-heat common cold: the sick dog has depression, loss of appetite, fever, aversion to cold, shortness of breath, stuffy nose, cough and runny nose, like lying in the cold, like drinking cold water, dry stool, short and red urine, yellow and white tongue coating and floating pulse.
[Treatment] The principle is to dispel wind and cold, clear away heat and relieve pain. There are many kinds of drugs for treating colds, such as Bupleurum, compound aminopyrine, metamizole, painkillers, Ganmaoqing, Xiao Su Shangfeng Capsule, Kuaike, Baijiahei and so on.
Cold and cold: You can also choose Jiuwei Qianghuo Pill, Herba Ephedrae, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Almond, Bupleuri Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and other traditional Chinese medicines.
Wind-heat cold: Yinqiao powder and honeysuckle, platycodon grandiflorum, bamboo leaves, mint, burdock, forsythia, fried lobster sauce, Schizonepeta spike, licorice and other traditional Chinese medicines can also be used for symptomatic treatment.
Acupuncture can choose wind pool, nasal tip, tail tip and lung fat.
(VIII) Canine tracheobronchitis
Canine tracheobronchitis is an inflammatory disease of canine trachea and bronchial mucosa. The clinical manifestations are cough and local auscultation rales. More common in old and weak dogs, prone to winter and spring. This disease can be generally divided into primary and secondary, acute and chronic.
【 Etiology 】 There are many factors causing canine tracheobronchitis, which can be divided into two categories: secondary etiology and primary etiology.
Secondary tracheobronchitis: pathogens often include viruses, bacteria, molds, etc. , highly contagious. Such as canine fever, adenovirus disease, Bordetella purulent disease, streptococcosis, mycoplasma disease and pulmonary filariasis.
Primary tracheobronchitis: The main causes are cold, mechanical and chemical factors.
Cold factor is the main factor in primary disease. For example, dogs move in cold, windy and rainy nights, or fences are invaded by thieves' wind, or cold waves suddenly come, and cold air is sucked into the nasal cavity, which stimulates the mucous membrane of trachea and bronchus, and promotes the secretion of bacteria and viruses, and then the trachea and bronchus are damaged again and inflammation occurs.
Mechanical and chemical factors are the regional factors in the main causes. Dogs often inhale irritating substances in places with heavy chemical gas and dust pollution, such as chemical plants, cement plants, paper factories, glass factories, thermal power plants, roadside, feed grain processing plants and so on. , causing inflammation of trachea and bronchus.
【 Symptoms 】 According to the duration of the disease, it is generally divided into acute and chronic bronchitis and bronchitis, with slightly different symptoms.
Acute tracheobronchitis: The initial symptom is sudden cough with pain, but later it turns into wet cough, expectoration, runny nose, mental abnormality, high body temperature, rapid pulse and decreased food intake. There are rales in trachea and bronchus during auscultation. Dogs lie down more, move less, cough more when they move, and even have difficulty breathing.
Chronic tracheobronchitis: the main manifestation is persistent cough, which can not be cured after long-term treatment. It is often obvious when eating, exercising, cooling down and at dawn, and most of them are unable to cough, paroxysmal cough and dyspnea. Dog's daily consumption, rough and dull fur, intercostal depression and fatigue groove.
[Treatment] Take corresponding measures according to the specific situation. Commonly used treatment methods are:
1. Improve the environment. Harmful gas and dust are too heavy in the cold and warm environment. Dogs should be moved to other places and kept in fresh air. This will eliminate irritants and naturally reduce tracheobronchial inflammation. Cold-proof and warm-keeping measures should be taken actively when a cold is caused, and the sick dog will naturally be relieved or improved when it is warm.
2. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs such as kanamycin, clindamycin, micronomicin and sulfonamides can be widely used and targeted deworming can be carried out to kill pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, and the infringer can be eliminated, so that the sick dog can recover naturally.
3. Eliminating phlegm and relieving cough is a protective reflex, which is beneficial to the elimination of respiratory inflammatory products. Eliminating phlegm is to eliminate inflammatory products, and phlegm turns to cough naturally, so eliminating phlegm and relieving cough is the only way to treat cough. Ammonium chloride or potassium iodide 0.2 ~ 1g, 2 ~ 3 times a day; 0.3g of codeine phosphate, mixed with 50ml of distilled water, taken orally; 20% sputum is easy to clean and sprayed in the trachea.
Chinese herbal medicines such as ephedra, almond, gypsum, licorice, etc. are decocted in moderation, or Chinese patent medicines such as Shedan Chuanbei liquid and loquat cough syrup are taken orally.
(9) Canine pneumonia
Canine pneumonia is an inflammatory disease of canine lung. According to its pathogenesis and severity, it can be divided into foreign body pneumonia, lobular pneumonia and lobar pneumonia. The latter two are non-exotic pneumonia.
【 Etiology 】 Foreign-body pneumonia is often caused by pharyngeal inflammation, paralysis, esophageal obstruction or disturbance of consciousness, which is prone to food inhalation and swallowing into the lungs by mistake. Or forcibly fill the dog with medicine and put the medicine into the lungs to cause foreign body pneumonia.
Non-foreign pneumonia can be divided into primary and secondary. The main reason is usually the direct infection of bacteria, such as pneumococcus, streptococcus and staphylococcus, and their own allergic reactions. The secondary causes are often canine distemper, influenza, infectious hepatitis, canine herpes, canine adenovirus disease, mycoplasma disease, toxoplasmosis, pulmonary filariasis and so on.
【 Symptoms 】 Foreign body pneumonia: As soon as you take medicine, drink water and eat, you will cough immediately. Even if you cough up a foreign body, the symptoms will be relieved immediately. If you can't cough up a foreign body, you can't stop coughing. The dog is extremely upset and has a painful expression. After a long time, the lungs and respiratory tract are congested and edematous, and the secretion increases sharply, causing inflammatory lesions. Dogs have bad breath, runny nose, fever, no food, mental anxiety, sensitive chest touch, and obvious rales in auscultation lungs.
Lobular pneumonia: due to local inflammation of the lungs, the symptoms are mild. At first, I saw a runny nose, a cough, and a rale in the auscultation bronchus. Later, the condition was slightly worse, breathing accelerated, body temperature increased, flabby fever appeared, and mucous membrane cyanosis appeared. The pulse is fast and slow, and changes with the temperature. When auscultating the lung, the alveolar sound in the focus area is weakened and distorted, and the alveolar sound in the non-focus area is enhanced. Palpation of the lungs is very sensitive to dogs. The voiced and unvoiced areas of the lungs are intertwined.
Lobar pneumonia: it is characterized by sudden high fever in dogs, and the body temperature is about 40%, which continues unabated. Shortness of breath, up to 70 times per minute. The heartbeat is rapid, reaching 100 ~ 150 beats per minute. The sick dog is sleepy and coughs occasionally. Auscultation of lung extensive alveolar sounds weakened and distorted. Percussion showed that the lungs were semi-voiced, and the voiced area was large.
[Treatment] Take corresponding treatment according to the nature of the disease.
1. When treating foreign body pneumonia, it is a principle to expel foreign bodies in time and prevent the corruption and decomposition of lung tissue.
(1) Remove foreign bodies. The sick dog will lie flat, with the front low and the back high, so as to facilitate the discharge of foreign bodies. Then pilocarpine nitrate 3 ~ 20mg is injected subcutaneously to stimulate the secretion of smooth muscles and glands in the respiratory system and promote the rapid discharge of foreign bodies. If the foreign body is too large to be discharged after conservative treatment, low tracheotomy should be performed to discharge the foreign body quickly.
(2) Oxygen infusion first aid When the foreign body seriously obstructs breathing, oxygen infusion should be performed urgently.
(3) Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs can be used to control secondary infection, such as amikacin, lincomycin, micronomicin, tetracycline and sulfonamides.
2. Non-foreign body pneumonia should be treated on the principle of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and expectorant. (1) Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory control of infection is the fundamental measure to treat lobular pneumonia and lobar pneumonia, which should be implemented throughout the treatment process. Western medicine can choose erythromycin, cefalexin, tetracycline, amikacin, micronomicin, lincomycin, sulfadiazine, sulfadiazine -5- methoxypyrimidine, trimethoprim and so on.
The Chinese medicine can be decocted with Radix Isatidis, Semen Lepidii, Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii, Radix Platycodi, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Semen Armeniacae Amarum.
(2) 0. 1 ~ 0.2g of ammonium chloride for eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, 2 ~ 3 times a day; 0.3g codeine phosphate, mixed with 50ml distilled water for oral administration; 20% sputum is easy to clean and sprayed in the trachea. Snake gall and fritillary bulb liquid, loquat cough syrup and other liquid medicines are taken orally.
(3) diuretic and detumescence: 10% glucose solution 300-400 ml, 10% calcium gluconate, 10-20mg/ time, 10% sodium benzoate, 3ml/ time, and vitamin C2 ml ×2/ time. Furosemide 2ml, 2mg/ time, intramuscular injection.
(10) Dog rickets
Canine rickets is a kind of disease with dysfunction of bone growth in dogs. The disease is characterized by slow growth and deformity, and it is common in puppies. There are two kinds of rickets: congenital rickets and acquired rickets.
【 Etiology 】 Vitamin D and calcium deficiency are the main causes of rickets. Vitamin D in puppies is converted into vitamin D3 and D2 through breast milk, food intake and sunlight. If the bitch is malnourished, there is a lack of vitamin D in milk or food; Puppies have little outdoor activities and insufficient light; Infants have indigestion, and vitamin D cannot be fully absorbed. , can make the human body lack of vitamin D, thus affecting the absorption and utilization of calcium, causing bone growth disorders and rickets.
Calcium deficiency or imbalance of calcium and phosphorus in breast milk and food, and dysfunction of canine parathyroid gland will also affect ossification and cause rickets.
In addition, when dogs suffer from intestinal parasitic diseases, uremia and some hereditary diseases, the body's demand for vitamin D exceeds the normal value, which leads to the relative shortage of vitamin D and rickets.
【 Symptoms 】 Congenital rickets: puppies born after the bitch is seriously ill or suffering from long-term nutritional deficiency are weak and deformed, unable to stand and walk for many days after birth, having difficulty sucking milk, growing slowly and often dying.
Acquired rickets: early puppies love to lick walls, dirt and dirt; Tooth growth, slow development, uneven or late tooth replacement; Less movement, limited gait, difficulty in standing and limping; In the later stage, the wrist and knee are bent, showing O-shape or X-shape, and the joints of limbs are osteoporosis; The joint between ribs and costal cartilage is beaded, the chest is sunken, the spine is bent, the pelvis is narrow, the maxilla is swollen, the body is thin and hairy, and the appetite is poor. Touching a dog with your hands will scream and dodge.
[Treatment] Improve feeding management: adjust the light intensity of the stable, let the dog go outdoors and bask in the sun properly. Change the way of feeding, the food should be diversified to avoid being too single, and it is best to feed full-price food or add additives to dog food.
Emergency vitamin D3 and calcium supplement: vitamin d 3 colloidal calcium injection, 4 ~ 6ml/ day; Or vitamin D3, inject 300 thousand international singles/1ml every other day; Or intravenous injection 10% calcium gluconate 10 ~ 20ml daily 1 time or every other day 1 time.
(1 1) Dog pesticide poisoning
Dog pesticide poisoning is caused by excessive dosage or pollution of dog food when dog owners use crop pesticides to drive out ectoparasites of dogs or kill mosquitoes and flies in the environment.
【 Etiology 】 When dog owners use crop pesticides to drive away fleas, lice, mosquitoes, flies and other insects, the dosage is too large, and they are poisoned by skin absorption, or the dog food is contaminated by pesticides, resulting in accidental poisoning. Commonly used drugs are:
Organochlorine pesticide poisoning: including chlordane, bhc powder, DDT, toxaphene, strobane, dieldrin, Xidan mixture, aldrin, etc. , absorbed by the dog's skin or digestive tract, acts on the nervous system, increases the stress of the central nervous system, and finally dies of paralysis.
Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning: including coumaphos, trichlorfon, dichlorvos, dimethoate, croton phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride, malathion, methomyl, propoxur, methomyl, carbofuran, carbaryl, etc. , enter the dog and combine with cholinesterase, thus inhibiting the activity of enzyme, making acetylcholine accumulate in large quantities, leading to excessive excitement of parasympathetic nerve and poisoning.
【 Symptoms 】 Organochlorine pesticide poisoning: Dogs have restlessness, spontaneous muscle spasms, convulsions, ataxia and intermittent rigidity. Later, mucosal cyanosis, mental depression, lethargy and death can be seen, and some people are chronically poisoned in small doses.
Poisoning by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides: salivation, tears, pupil contraction, muscle tremor, ataxia, convulsion, vomiting, diarrhea, incontinence, dyspnea, visible mucosal cyanosis, coma, death, etc.
[Treatment] Detoxification is the main method, supplemented by symptomatic treatment.
Organochlorine pesticide poisoning: there is no specific antidote at present, and glucose, calcium gluconate, vitamin C and coenzyme A can be injected intravenously; Thiopental sodium and phenobarbital sodium powder for injection, 1.5 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in distilled water for intramuscular injection for spasmolysis and sedation; People with dyspnea and visible mucosal cyanosis can be injected with caffeine sodium 10 ~ 30 mg/kg body weight; In order to speed up the discharge of poisons, furosemide can be injected.
Poisoning by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides: firstly, use physiological antagonists, that is, atropine 0.2 mg/kg body weight, intramuscular injection dose 1/2, intravenous injection dose 1/2 in 5% glucose solution. If dyspnea and cyanosis of mucous membrane can be seen, atropine should be used less or temporarily, and nikethamide or caffeine sodium should be used instead, 10 ~ 30 mg/kg body weight, intramuscular injection or intravenous injection. Specific antidotes can be used for organophosphorus poisoning, such as bisphosphonates, bisphosphonates, chlorpyrifos, iodophor, 1.5 ~ 20 mg/kg, and intravenous injection is usually once every two hours until the symptoms are completely relieved. In order to accelerate the excretion of toxic substances in urine, furosemide can be injected into muscle, 3 ~ 5 mg/kg body weight.
(12) worsening canine food poisoning
Deteriorated food poisoning in dogs refers to the poisoning phenomenon caused by dogs eating stale or deteriorated food such as livestock, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, canned food, sausages and ham sausages. This kind of poisoning mostly occurs in hot summer and tropical and subtropical areas.
【 Etiology 】 Dogs eat meat, milk, eggs and other aged and deteriorated foods contaminated by a large number of Shigella, Streptococcus, Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus and Salmonella, which causes bacteria to multiply, disintegrate and release toxins in dogs, leading to dog poisoning.
【 Symptoms 】 Generally speaking, dogs will soon have symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distension, elevated body temperature and collapse after eating contaminated food. Clinical symptoms vary with the type and quantity of bacteria eaten by dogs. For example, when Clostridium botulinum is poisoned, the sick dog has special neurological symptoms such as paralysis of motor system and coma, and even dies soon; In the case of staphylococcal poisoning, dogs will vomit and have abdominal pain first, then diarrhea and dehydration, but the mortality rate is not as high as that of Clostridium botulinum poisoning.
[Treatment] The principle is to expel putrefaction and promote granulation, and to resist bacteria and diuresis. Commonly used treatment methods are:
1. To induce vomiting, 70 μ g/kg apomorphine can be injected subcutaneously for those who have eaten rotten food for a long time without digestion and absorption. 1% copper sulfate solution 5 ~ 20ml/ time, or 5% alum solution to induce vomiting.
2. During gastric lavage, 2-3g activated carbon is injected into 5% glucose solution and 2g oxytetracycline or tetracycline powder to repeatedly suck out gastric lavage fluid.
3. Cephalosporin, enrofloxacin, furazolidone, sulfonamides can be widely used for sterilization, intramuscular injection or intravenous injection.
4. Neutralizing toxins In the case of identifying bacterial species, targeted antitoxins are used for specific treatments. If it is caused by Botox, you can inject Botox antitoxin.
5. Transfusion with 5% glucose saline 200 ~ 400ml/ time, vitamin C 200 ~ 4000mg/ time and dexamethasone 5 ~ 10mg/ time; Coma patients can choose caffeine sodium and nikethamide central stimulant.
6. diuresis, detoxification and furosemide, 3 ~ 5mg/kg body weight, intramuscular injection, 1 ~ 2 times/day.
7. Acupuncture the pungent end and the tail tip of the triangular needle; Silver needle acupuncture Zusanli and Baihui points.
8. Chinese medicine mung beans, licorice, coptis and talc are taken in moderation.