Patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema can be diagnosed as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when their lung function tests show that the airway airflow is not completely reversible, while patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema who are not completely reversible through lung function tests do not belong to COPD. However, chronic bronchitis and emphysema can be regarded as the high incidence period of COPD. After winter, elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should pay more attention to maintenance to avoid aggravation. This paper puts forward some suggestions for the maintenance of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in severe winter: the climate in winter is dry, and the sputum and secretions in the airway of elderly patients increase. Due to the viscous sputum, weakness, fatigue and other factors, sputum is not easy to cough up, which leads to the aggravation of airway obstruction and a series of complications such as chronic respiratory failure, cor pulmonale, heart failure and pulmonary encephalopathy. Therefore, elderly patients should cough up sputum and clear airway secretions as much as possible. The specific measures are: 1, encouraging patients to cough hard (except patients with pulmonary bullae). When coughing, press the chest or upper abdomen with both hands to increase the strength of diaphragm to participate in coughing and promote expectoration. 2. Patients who are old and weak and can't cough are required to take a sitting position or a prone position, and their families pat their chest and back with their hands to facilitate expectoration. 3. According to the condition, take effective expectorant drugs or airway relaxants under the guidance of a doctor. If necessary, the drug can be administered with the aid of an atomizer to eliminate phlegm. 4. Moderate exercise. When the climate is cold, most patients are reluctant to go outdoors, which will only aggravate their illness. Except for seriously ill patients, exercise moderately outdoors as much as possible. The simple and effective way is to walk slowly, which is easy for people. You can walk 70-90 steps per minute for 20-30 minutes at a time. Keep warm to avoid catching a cold. Nutrition should also be strengthened. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a wasting disease. Elderly patients have weakened gastrointestinal digestion and absorption function, loss of appetite, frequent malnutrition, easy decline in resistance, prone to lung infection, and aggravate the condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Supplement enough protein and vitamins to increase calories. The daily staple food is about 250 grams (rice or pasta), and vegetables, fruits, eggs and milk are provided as appropriate. Eat eggs and milk separately as far as possible, and ensure 1 boiled or steamed eggs and 1 bag of sugar-free fresh milk every day. Old people who are inconvenient to ingest fresh vegetables and fruits (such as those with missing teeth) should take multivitamin health care products and fruit juice appropriately. Cold, spicy and greasy food should be avoided as much as possible.