original text
Old friends Zhong Ni and Yu Lubin sighed with shame when they finished their work and went out to check. Sigh, cover sigh Lu also. Yan Yan stood by and said, "Why do gentlemen sigh?" Confucius said: "The trip to the Avenue is also different from the English of three generations. If you don't catch it, you are determined to win it. The trip to the avenue is also for the public, choosing talents and talents, and honesty. An old friend is not only a close relative, but also an only child, which makes the old people have a home, a strong old age, a useful old age, a sense of support, a lonely illness, a division for men and a return for women. If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them; You don't have to do it for yourself. Therefore, it is not prosperous to seek closure, and it is not prosperous to steal thieves, so it is not closed to the outside. It means Datong. Today, the road is secluded, the world is home, each family is close, each son is for himself, and the goods are for himself. Adults think of courtesy, and the country is too late to be solid. Courtesy and righteousness think of discipline, monarch and minister, father and son, brother, couple, system, field, sage and courage, merit. Therefore, the use is the work, and the soldiers set out from this. Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu,, and others all made such choices. None of the six gentlemen is unwilling to be polite. Take his righteousness, test his faith, commit his crime, treat others with leniency, and show human nature. If there are losers, they will go there, and everyone will think it will be a disaster. It is a well-off society. "
Yan Yan asked again, "What's the hurry?" Confucius said, "The husband's gift is that the king inherits heaven and treats others with kindness, so the loser dies and the winner lives." The poem says:' Rats have bodies, but people are rude. People are rude, and Hu won't die?' Therefore, the husband's ceremony must be based on the sky, eat on the ground, be listed in ghosts and gods, reach the funeral, and be stunned. Therefore, the sage showed it with courtesy, so the country in the world got it, and it was also right. "
Yan Yan asked again, "Can you get and hear the extreme words and manners of the host?" Confucius said, "It is an illusion to see the way of summer, but it is not enough to get the feeling of summer." I want to see Yin Dao, which is an old song, but I don't need to sign it, so I have to do it. Kungan, daylight saving time, etc. I take it as an opinion. "
The ceremony begins, and the diet begins. Its burning millet slaps dolphins, dirty and respectful, clumsy and drum. If we can make it respect ghosts and gods. When he died, he went to the house and shouted, "Gao Fuyuan." Then the rice smells fishy, so it is hidden in the sky. Good health and superior spirit, so the dead are in the north and the living are in the south, all from the beginning.
The former king didn't have a palace. He lived in a cave in the camp in winter and in a nest in summer. Instead of cremation, I ate real plants, the meat of birds and beasts, and drank their blood, such as their hair. No hemp, clothes and feathers.
After the sage has a post, he repairs the fire. Fan Jinhe thinks that the household in Taixu Palace has guns, coke, constancy, roasting, cheese, hemp, silk, cloth and silk, health preservation and ghosts and gods, all from its new moon.
Therefore, the mysterious wine is in the room, the lights are in the room, the wine is in the hall, and the sake is next. Chen Qi offered sacrifices, prepared the tripod, arranged the piano, played the bell and drum, and made wishes, so as to lower the ancestor of God, to be sincere to his subjects, to be sincere to his father and son, to be harmonious with his brothers, and to be husband and wife.
Take xuan wine as a blessing and xuan wine as a sacrifice, and recommend blood hair. Which dish is it? Instead of crossing the table, it is scattered with strength, served with silk, offered with cups, and it is recommended to burn. You and your wife give gifts to commemorate your soul, which means harmony.
Then retire and get married, and the dog licks the cattle and sheep and wishes him filial piety and kindness. It is really auspicious. The ceremony was also a great success.
Confucius said, "Alas! I looked at Zhou Dao and it hurt me deeply. I don't know what to do with it! The suburbs of Lu are indecent, and the decline of Zhou Gong! Qi's suburbs, Yu also; The suburbs of the Song Dynasty were also contracted. It's about the son of heaven. Therefore, the emperor sacrificed to heaven and earth, and the princes sacrificed to the country. "
I wish you dare not change the past, it was a big holiday.
Zhu said that it is indecent to hide in the history of praying for witches, which is called a secluded country. Exposing coffins and bodies is indecent and a tyrant.
It is indecent to wear a crown privately and hide it, which means threatening the monarch.
Doctors have officials, sacrificial vessels are not fake, vocal music is all, and indecent assault is also called chaos.
Therefore, an official is a public official and a servant at home. After three years of mourning, I will be stunned by the new. It is indecent to enter the DPRK with decline and live in harmony with domestic servants, and it is the same country as the monarch and ministers. Therefore, the son of heaven has a field to deal with his descendants, the vassal has a country to deal with his descendants, and the doctor has a place to deal with his descendants. This is called the system. Therefore, when the emperor is fit to be a courtier, he will give up the ancestral temple, not enter it with courtesy, which shows that the emperor has bad law and discipline, and the courtier is not invited to take sick leave, but enters the minister's house, which shows that the monarch and the minister are ridiculous.
This is the big handle of the owners, so don't be too subtle and ridiculous, test the system, and don't be kind, so manage Angu. Therefore, if the government is not standardized, the status of the monarch will be dangerous, and the status of the monarch will be dangerous, and ministers will double and ministers will steal. If the punishment is harsh, the law is impermanent, and the law is impermanent and rude, it is nothing. If the punishment is harsh and vulgar, then the people will return to it, which is the so-called defective country.
So, the reason why you hide is also. Therefore, the husband's government must be based on the sky and eat to kill it. Life fell to the food in the society, to the benevolence in the ancestral temple, to the prosperity in the mountains and rivers, and to the five-sacrifice system, so the saint hid himself firmly. Therefore, saints participate in heaven and earth and govern politics in ghosts and gods. Where there is, the order of ceremony is also; Play what you like and be ruled by the people. So it is natural to make money from time to time. People are taught by their parents. Four gentlemen are using it, so you stand in an innocent place. Therefore, what you know is also clear; The monarch raises it, and the non-raiser also; If you do what you do, you will not do it for others. Therefore, the sage has it, the support is insufficient, and people are out of position. Therefore, the people are also autonomous, raising the monarch for security and doing things for him. Therefore, the ceremony is divided, so everyone loves his death and suffers his life.
Therefore, the knowledge of employing people is used for cheating, the courage of employing people is used for anger, and the benevolence of employing people is used for greed.
Therefore, when the country suffers, the monarch dies in the country, which means righteousness, and the doctor dies in the ancestral temple, which means change.
Therefore, a saint who takes the world as his home and China as his own will unconsciously know his feelings before he can do it.
What is human feelings? Happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, evil and desire are seven things that can be learned. What is benevolence and righteousness? Father's kindness, son's filial piety, brother's kindness, brother's kindness, husband's righteousness, woman's listening, long benefit, young obedience, gentleman's benevolence and minister's loyalty are called benevolence and righteousness. Talking about faith and repairing relationships means that people benefit, and fighting with each other means that people suffer. Therefore, the reason why saints treat people with seven emotions, practice ten righteousness, preach and teach, and learn from each other, but they still sacrifice their lives for justice and compete, how can they treat each other with courtesy? Eat drink man woman, people's great desire for survival; Death is pitiful, and the great evil of mankind still exists. Therefore, people who want evil have a big heart. A man hides his heart, which is unpredictable. Both beauty and evil are in the heart, but their color is not seen. If you want to be poor, why give up gifts?
An old friend has the virtue of heaven and earth, the intersection of Yin and Yang, the meeting of ghosts and gods, and the elegance of the five elements.
So the sky supports the sun, the sky hangs the sun, the ground supports the shade, the five elements are planted at four seasons, and then the moon is born. It is based on three to five, and it is full of three to five. The five elements move together and do their best. The five elements, four seasons and December are also based on each other. The five tones, six laws and twelve tubes are also palaces. Five flavors, six flavors and twelve foods are also quality. Five colors, six chapters and twelve clothes are also quality.
Old friends, the heart of heaven and earth, the end of the five elements. Those who eat, those who don't talk, and those who are raw are also raw. Therefore, a saint must take heaven and earth as the foundation, yin and yang as the end, the four seasons as the handle, the sun, the moon and the stars as the discipline, the moon as the quantity, the ghosts and gods as the disciples, the five behaviors as the quality, the courtesy and righteousness as the instrument, the human feelings as the field and the four spirits as the livestock. Based on heaven and earth, things can be done. With yin and yang as the end, feelings can be seen. With the four seasons as the handle, the story can be persuaded. Taking the sun and stars as subjects, stories can be listed. The moon thinks of quantity, so there are merits and skills, ghosts and gods think of disciples, and stories remain. The five elements are the essence and the story can be repeated. Etiquette is a tool, and stories are tested. Human feelings are thought to be a field, so old people think that Austria is also. Siling thinks that animals are animals, so there is a reason to eat and drink. What are the four spirits? Windson Gui Long is called the Four Spirits. So dragons think they are animals, so fish don't swim. Phoenix thinks it is an animal, so birds are not jealous. We think that animals are animals, so animals are not arrogant. Turtles think animals, so human feelings are not broken.
So, the first king held a turtle, made a sacrifice, made a sacrifice, and announced his wish. He said that only when the system is set up can the country be polite, the officials be royal and the ceremony be orderly.
Therefore, the ceremony of the first king did not come from the next one.
Therefore, the emperor sacrificed to the suburbs, so he set the position of heaven; It is also beneficial to sacrifice society for the country; Ancestral temple, so this benevolence is also; Mountains and rivers, so ghosts and gods also; Five sacrifices, so the ability is also. Therefore, Mr. Zhu is in the temple, Mr. Gong is in court, Mr. San is studying, Mr. Wang Qian is a warlock, and divination is everywhere. Among kings, the heart does nothing to keep righteousness.
Therefore, the ceremony is in the suburbs, and the gods are appointed; Courtesy comes and goes in the community, but department stores may be extremely embarrassed; The ceremony is held in the ancestral hall, while filial piety is serving; Rites are performed in the five sacrifices, but the Dharma is absent. Therefore, from the suburbs, ancestral temples, mountains and rivers, five sacrifices, cultivate righteousness and conceal rituals.
Therefore, the husband ceremony must be based on the freshman year, dividing heaven and earth, transforming yin and yang, transforming four seasons and listing ghosts and gods. His life is falling, and his official is in heaven.
The husband's ceremony must be based on heaven, moving to another place, and the things listed, changing from time to time, and cooperating with art. Its residents are also called support, and their behavior is based on goods, words, diet, fainting, mourning, shooting and hiring.
Therefore, propriety and righteousness are also great for people, and are beneficial to people's self-cultivation and physical fitness. Therefore, it is also important to preserve health, die and do things with ghosts and gods. Therefore, it is also very important to follow the human feelings.
Therefore, only saints are not polite. Therefore, a bad country, mourning and death must go to its ceremony first. Therefore, courtesy is to people, and wine is to the tiller. A gentleman is thick and a villain is thin.
Therefore, the holy king repaired the righteous handle, the ritual order, and the human feelings. So the realm of the holy king is also human. Cultivated by courtesy, cultivated by Chen Yi, cultivated by lectures, gathered by benevolent people, and broadcast with joy and security. Therefore, the ceremony is also true, and righteousness is also coordinated. However, although the ceremony does not exist in front of the king, it can be justified. Righteousness is the division of art and the festival of benevolence. Artistic association, talking about benevolence, is strong. Benevolence is the foundation of righteousness, and obedience is also respected by those who get it. Therefore, governing the country is not based on ceremony, but is still training without embarrassment; Because the ceremony is not based on righteousness, it is still cultivated and cultivated; Learn for righteousness, but don't say it, and you will be blessed if you plant it; If you talk about learning without agreeing with benevolence, you will still get it. If you are happy with benevolence and uneasiness, you can still get it and eat it; It's not easy to be happy, and it's also fat after eating. Four-body health, skinny, fat. Father and son are loyal, brothers are harmonious, husband and wife are harmonious and rich. Minister law, small minister base, orderly official position, harmonious monarch and minister, and fat country. The emperor takes virtue as a car, pleasure as a royal, princes treat each other with courtesy, doctors use laws, scholars use faith as a test, people value peace, and the world is rich. It means Dashun. Dashun, so health, death, ghosts and gods are also common. The story is full of stories, parallel without confusion, detailed without loss, deep and connected, lush and intermittent, occasionally irrelevant, moving without harm. This is a natural thing. Therefore, it is appropriate to be clear, and then we can guard against danger. So the ceremony is different, not rich, not killing, so love is also dangerous. Therefore, the holy king is so successful, and it is also blessed that the mountain does not make him live in Sichuan or the Central Plains. Water, fire, gold, wood, food and drink must be timely, men and women must be married, titles must be given in those years, and people must be obedient, so that there will be no floods, droughts and pests, and people will not be hungry and do evil. Therefore, heaven does not love its Tao, earth does not love its treasure, and people do not love its feelings. There is dew in the sky, springs on the ground, cars on the mountains, horses in the river and phoenix Kirin in the suburbs. The turtle dragon is in Miyanuma, from which you can see the eggs and embryos of other birds and animals. For no reason, the late king was able to practice etiquette to achieve righteousness, and his body was harmonious, so it was also practical.
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In the past, Zhong Ni took part in wax sacrifice as an attendant. After the sacrifice, he went to the watchtower in front of the palace to play and sighed. Probably sighing for Lu.
At that time, Yan Yan, a student, said, "Why do gentlemen sigh?"
Confucius said, "Kong Qiu failed to catch up with the era when the Avenue was implemented and outstanding people in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties were in power, but I am interested in it. In the era of avenue operation, the world belongs to everyone. We should select talented people to be in power, pay attention to each other's credit and establish harmonious relations. So people not only treat their relatives as relatives, but also treat their sons as sons. So that the elderly can be provided with a sense of security, the young can be used in their prime, the widowed and physically disabled can be provided with a sense of security, men can have proper jobs, and women can get married in due course. Take care of wealth but don't have to hide it around; You can do your best without doing it for yourself. So there will be no intrigue, and no one will do anything to steal and make trouble. You can go out without closing the door. This is the so-called Great Harmony World. Today, the decline of Tao is not obvious, and the world is private. Everyone only kisses his relatives, loves his son and makes money for himself. Emperors and princes took it for granted that they built moats to protect themselves, took propriety and righteousness as the discipline, straightened out the relationship between monarch and minister, made brothers and couples live in harmony, established systems to divide fields, and respected the brave and the virtuous. So the conspiracy was born, and the war was born. Yu Xia, Shang Tang, Zhou Wenwang and Duke Zhou are all outstanding figures. These six gentlemen all abide by the etiquette system. Only in this way can we show benevolence and righteousness, improve credit, expose mistakes, take benevolence and righteousness as an example, pay attention to etiquette and justice, and take virtue for the people. If anyone violates the etiquette system, the official will be dismissed, and the people regard him as a disaster. This is called a well-off society. "
Yan Yan asked again: "Is there such an urgent need for a ceremony?" Confucius said, "Rites were used by the former king to inherit heaven and govern people's feelings, so if you lose, you will die, and if you gain, you will survive." The Book of Songs says:' You see that mouse has a body, but people have no manners. People are rude, why not die quickly?' Therefore, the ceremony must be based on the sky, imitate the earth, and be more attached to ghosts and gods, which is reflected in funeral, sacrifice, hunting, imperial crown, marriage, court, employment and other aspects. Therefore, saints show people by etiquette, which is available to all countries in the world and is on the right path. "
Yan Yan asked again: "The teacher is so respectful, can I listen to the truth?" Confucius said: "I wanted to observe the etiquette of Xia Dynasty, so I went to Qi State, the fief of Yu Xia's descendants, but the materials there were not enough to study Li Xia, but I got the calendar of Xia Dynasty, Shi Xia. I wanted to observe the etiquette of the Yin Dynasty, so I went to the fief of Song State, a descendant of Shang Tang, but the information there was not enough to study the etiquette of Yin and Yang, so I got the Book of Yin and Yang and Kungan. I observed the evolution of ceremony through Kun Gan's theory of Yin and Yang and Shi Xia's seasonal differences.
At the beginning of the ceremony, it began with eating and drinking. Millet is cooked on a stone, and pork cooked on the stone is decomposed. The ground was chiseled into wine glasses and drunk by hand. When offering sacrifices, a drumstick made of clay is used to beat the earth drum, which can also be used to pay homage to ghosts and gods. After the dead arrived, the living people concerned climbed onto the roof and shouted, "Hey-someone is back!" " Then let the dead people pack raw rice and decorate the cooked meat for the funeral. So it's called evocation, and it's buried in the ground. After death, the body descends to the earth, and the essence of consciousness ascends to heaven. Therefore, after death, the head is buried in the north, and the living live in the south. This is an inheritance from the beginning.
Ancient kings had no palaces. They dug holes in winter and built nests in summer. I don't know how to cook food with fire, eat the fruits of plants and animals, drink its blood and eat its hair. At the beginning, linen and silk were not used to make clothes, but feather and skin were used to make quilts.
Later saints rose, paying attention to the benefits of using fire, making models to burn and cast metal utensils, and mixing clay to make tiles and ceramics for building pavilions, palaces, doors and windows; Cooking sweet wine mash with fire for barbecue; Production and treatment of hemp silk, making cloth and silk, supporting the living, burying the dead and serving ghosts and gods all follow the original practice.
So Xuan wine is in the inner room, sweet wine and white wine are by the door, reddish sake is in the hall, and sake is under the hall. Display sacrificial offerings, prepare ding and cups, arrange musical instruments such as harp, bell and drum, and compile greetings and eulogies, so as to pray for the arrival of God and the spirit of ancestors, correct the relationship between monarch and minister, make brothers harmonious and orderly, and husband and wife perform their duties. This is called accepting the blessing from God.
Toast, offer wine as a sacrifice, donate blood velvet, serve raw meat, and cook bone and meat together. The worshippers stepped on the mat, covered the wine statue with coarse cloth, wore washed silk sacrificial clothes, offered sweet wine and white wine, and went to barbecue. The king and his wife took turns toasting in order to make the souls of God and ancestors happy. This is called harmony between man and god.
Then step back, cook the raw and cooked meat together, and distinguish the nobility of dogs, cows, sheep and other kinds of flesh and blood, and put them in the pot of beans and soup. In the sacrificial ceremony, the message tells the filial piety god, and the words represent god and tell the loving Lord. This is called Daxiang. This is the successful completion of the ceremony. "
Confucius said, "Alas, what a pity! I observed that the way the Zhou Dynasty ruled the world was damaged during Zhou Youwang and Zhou Liwang. Where to go without Lu? It is not polite to worship heaven and earth in the suburbs of Shandong. Duke Zhou's etiquette system has declined. The sacrifice of heaven and earth in the suburbs of Qi was handed down by the ancestor of Xia Dynasty. The sacrifice of heaven and earth in the suburbs of Song Dynasty was handed down by the ancestors of Shang Dynasty. This is the sacrifice that the son of heaven should insist on. Therefore, the emperor sacrificed to heaven and earth, and the princes sacrificed to the country. "
The most important thing in the ceremony is that congratulations and lyrics dare not change the routine passed down since ancient times.
Congratulation, hidden in "All My Historians", is against the ceremony. This is called a secluded country, and the etiquette is unknown. When offering sacrifices, they all use coffins to toast the corpse king, which is not in line with etiquette. This is an invasion of the king.
It is impolite to hide a crown soldier in a private home. It's called coercing the king.
Doctors are equipped with officials, all kinds of sacrificial vessels need not be borrowed, and all kinds of vocal music are readily available, which does not conform to the etiquette system. It is called a country of disorder.
Therefore, those who serve the monarch are called servants, and those who serve the doctor are called servants. After three years of bereavement, you have to take a vacation when you get married, but the monarch can't send it for one year. Mourning in mourning and living with domestic servants means that the king and domestic servants * * * jointly own the country, which is not in line with etiquette. Therefore, the son of heaven has land to arrange his children, the princes have land to arrange their children, and the doctors have fiefs to arrange their children. This is the so-called system. Therefore, when the son of heaven arrives in a vassal state, he must stay in the ancestral hall of that country. If he doesn't follow the etiquette, it's called the emperor's evil law and disorderly discipline. If a courtier casually enters his courtier's house and doesn't ask about his illness and funeral, it's called banter.
Therefore, the ritual system is the authority of the king to govern the government. It is used to identify doubts, gain insight into subtleties, respect ghosts and gods, study systems, and distinguish between justice and reason, thus governing the political situation and stabilizing the throne. Therefore, if there is political injustice, the king's position will be in danger, ministers will betray and lower ministers will steal power. Criminal law is harsh, customs are corrupt, legal system is changeable, legal system is changeable, etiquette is disordered, and scholars are unwilling to be officials. If the criminal law is harsh and the customs are corrupt, the people will leave and will not fall. This is called a sick country.
So political power is used by the king to protect himself. Therefore, the regime must issue decrees according to the day and imitate them. Under the law, it is called imitation land in the temple of the country, benevolence and righteousness in the ancestral temple, prosperity in the mountains and rivers, and the system of five sacrifices. This is what saints use to firmly protect themselves. Therefore, saints can test heaven and earth and govern the country better than ghosts and gods. Dealing with his real existence is the order of ceremony; Discuss its hobbies, this is the rule of the people. Therefore, it is natural to make money from time to time. People are born by parents and taught by teachers. These four aspects are used correctly by the king, so the king stands where there is no fault.
"So the king is to make himself smart, not to make others smart; The king is supported by others, not others; The king is the one to be served, not others. Therefore, it is wrong for a king to make others smart, it is not enough to support others, and it is impossible to serve others. Therefore, the people respect the king to govern themselves, support the king to stabilize themselves, and serve the king to show off. Therefore, the ritual system prevails and the birthright has been decided, so people would rather die for justice than drag out an ignoble existence.
Therefore, the monarch uses people, is good at using wisdom and cheating; Use its courage, but go to its anger; Use its kindness to get rid of its greed.
Therefore, when the country is in trouble, it is called benevolence and righteousness for the king to die for the country, and discrimination for the doctor to die for the ancestral temple.
Therefore, a saint can regard the world as the emperor's home and China as the sole owner of the emperor's home, not by subjective will, but by knowing the truth, its significance, its interests and its difficulties, and then doing so.
"What is human feelings? Like, anger, sadness, fear, hobby, disgust and desire, these seven emotions are innate and need not be learned. What is benevolence and righteousness? The kindness of father, filial piety of children, gentleness of elder brother, respect of younger brother, righteousness of husband, obedience of wife, love of elder, obedience of younger generation, kindness of king and loyalty of courtiers are called benevolence and righteousness. Pay attention to each other's credit, establish a harmonious relationship, and call people's interests; Fighting for each other is called human suffering. Therefore, saints should manage people's seven emotions, cultivate ten righteousness, pay attention to honesty, establish harmonious relations, advocate resignation and abandon competition. What can they do to govern them if they lose their manners? Diet and love between men and women are people's greatest desires. Death is poverty, which is the greatest disgust of mankind. So desire and disgust are the biggest psychological reasons. Human feelings are hidden in the bottom of my heart and difficult to measure. Beauty and ugliness are in the heart, not in the face. If we want to know all of them, if we give up gifts, what can we rely on?
"So people are the product of heaven and earth, the crystallization of the intersection of Yin and Yang, and the result of the aggregation of ghosts and gods, which is the subtle agglutination of the five elements.
Therefore, the sky upholds the spirit of the sun and shines the light of the sun and the moon; The earth supports Yin Qi, which is inspired by mountains, canyons and rivers. The five elements run through the whole year, blend with each other, and then produce the moon phase. Therefore, the fifteenth day is full moon, and the fifteenth day is full moon. The operation of the five elements alternates with each other. Five elements, four o'clock and December, the cycle begins. Five tones, six rhythms, twelve tubes, based on circular phase. Five flavors, six flavors and twelve foods, and the circulation phase is flavor. Five colors, six chapters and twelve clothes, the circular phase is the true color.
Therefore, people are the heart of heaven and earth. At the beginning of the five elements, they make a living by eating five flavors, distinguishing five tones and wearing five colors. Therefore, when making laws, saints must take heaven and earth as the basis, yin and yang as the principle, four seasons as the key link, the sun, the moon and the stars as the clue, the moon as the yardstick, ghosts and gods as their disciples, five behaviors as the noumenon, courtesy and righteousness as the instrument, human feelings as the field and four spirits as the livestock. Based on heaven and earth, it can cover everything. Based on yin and yang, we can observe human feelings clearly. Taking the four seasons as the general program can encourage everyone to do things. Take the sun, the moon and the stars as clues and do things in an orderly way. It is measured in months, so the size of achievements can be distinguished. Taking ghosts and gods as disciples can be loyal to their duties. The five laws are noumenon, so things can go round and round. Only by taking propriety and righteousness as an instrument can we accomplish something. Human feelings are a field, so people can be the subject. The four spirits are livestock, so they have the source of diet. What are the four spirits? Lin, Feng, Gui and Long called it the Four Spirits. Therefore, raising dragons, all kinds of fish will not swim; When raising chickens, all kinds of birds will not be surprised to fly; If animals keep forests, all kinds of wild animals will not run away; If you keep a turtle, you won't make mistakes if you understand human feelings.
Therefore, the first king mastered divination, offered sacrifices in an orderly way, buried silkworms, read out congratulations and established a system. As a result, the state-owned etiquette system was established, and officials had political achievements, performed their duties and behaved in an orderly manner.
"So the first king worried that etiquette could not prevail in the world.
Therefore, the supreme position of heaven is determined by worshipping the gods in the suburbs; Social temples dedicated to the capital are used to show geographical advantages; Sacrificing the ancestral temple is used to show that filial piety is the source of benevolence; Sacrificing mountains and rivers is used to worship ghosts and gods; Sacrifice five sacrifices is used to reflect the origin of the law of doing things. Therefore, Mr. Zhu, who is in charge of the sacrificial ceremony, is in the temple, three princes who assist the king are in the court, and three elders who teach etiquette are in the school. There are witches in front of the king and historians around him. The king is in the middle, hanging his arch, and doing nothing to keep righteousness.
Therefore, it is feasible to worship in the suburbs while the gods are subject to their duties, and it is extremely beneficial to serve in the ancestral hall and the department store. It is feasible to worship in the ancestral hall and filial piety, and it is correct to do things with five rituals. Therefore, the implementation of suburban worship, social worship, ancestral temple worship, mountain and river worship, and five sacrifices, the righteousness has been repaired, and the ceremony has been entrusted.
"So, the ceremony must be based on the formation of the universe, the universe is heaven and earth, into Yin and Yang, into four, into ghosts and gods. It gives life to all things, and it takes dharma from heaven and earth.
That ceremony must be rooted in the sky, run on the ground, disperse things, change into seasons and coordinate with different arts. It enables people to live and work in peace and contentment, which is called raising. Its operation is manifested in financial resources, resignation, drinking, eating, coronation, marriage, funeral, sacrifice, shooting, court, employment and other human activities.
"So, courtesy is the most basic starting point of people, which is used to pay attention to honesty, establish a harmonious relationship, and unite people firmly like skin and bones; Keeping in good health, dying and serving ghosts and gods are the fundamental methods; It is the biggest channel to heaven and to straighten out human feelings.
Therefore, only saints know that rituals cannot be abolished. Therefore, the destruction of the country and the death of the people are all because they abandoned the etiquette first. Therefore, for people, ceremony is like making wine with distiller's yeast: a gentleman who pays attention to ceremony and righteousness becomes a gentleman like making wine with mellow distiller's yeast, and a little man who doesn't pay attention to ceremony and righteousness becomes a villain like making wine with light distiller's yeast.
"So the holy king's general outline of righteousness and ritual order are used to manage human feelings. So human feelings are the domain of the holy king. We should modify the etiquette system to cultivate it, show justice to plant it, impart knowledge to cultivate it, condense it according to kindness and spread music to solve it. Therefore, ceremony is the fruit of righteousness. Harmony and righteousness are in harmony, so although the former king had no etiquette, he could be born of righteousness. Righteousness is the measure of doing things and the control of kindness. Harmony of courtesy and righteousness, and kindness will make people strong. Kindness is the foundation of justice and the subject of stability and obedience. People who do this will be respected. Therefore, running a country is rude, just like plowing without a shovel; It's like plowing the land without sowing; Practicing righteousness without giving lectures is like not weeding after sowing; Giving lectures without cooperation with benevolence is like weeding without harvesting; Pacify people with benevolence instead of music, just like not eating after harvesting; Using music to calm people's hearts without reaching the realm of obedience and harmony is like not growing strong after eating. Sound limbs and plump skin are human strength. Father and son have deep affection, brothers are harmonious, and husband and wife are harmonious. This is the power of the family. Ministers abide by the law, junior ministers are honest, official positions are orderly, and the monarch and ministers correct each other, which is the strength of the country; The emperor takes morality as the carrier, music as the driving force, governors communicate with courtesy, doctors cooperate with law, scholars inspect and communicate with sincerity, and the people live in harmony. This is the power of the world. This is the realm of stability and harmony. Dashun is a standard ethics that people use to preserve health, die and serve ghosts and gods. Therefore, many things are not delayed, all kinds of things are dealt with at the same time without entanglement, things are subtle without omission, things are profound and understandable, they are closely related without entanglement, and they run without harm. This is the culmination of harmony and fluency. Therefore, if you understand the meaning of shun, you can be in a high position without danger.
"So there is a difference between the ceremony, should be simple but not rich, should be rich and not simple, so as to conform to the right path of truth. Therefore, saints conform to the people's feelings, those who live in mountainous areas do not migrate to Pingchuan, and those who live by the water do not migrate to the Central Plains, so that the people will not be tired. The use of water, fire, gold, wood and grain must be in season, the marriage and titles of men and women must match their age with their achievements, and the use of human strength must not go against the farming season. Therefore, there are no floods, droughts and pests, and people have no dangerous famine and Uber disease. Therefore, the sky does not spare the avenue, the earth does not spare the treasure, and people do not spare the feelings. Thus, the dew fell from the sky, the spring came out from the ground, the treasure car came out from the mountain, the dragon, the horse and the bear river were in the Yellow River, the phoenix and the unicorn were all in osawa on the outskirts of the city, the turtle and the dragon were in the water of the palace, and the eggs and embryos of the rest of the birds and animals could be leaned over and glimpsed. Therefore, there is no other reason. It is because the former king can be righteous and clear-cut, reflecting the smooth and harmonious integrity. This is the result of Dashun. "