Lesson 1 Ancient Residents of the Motherland

1 is the earliest known human in China. Is the fundamental difference between humans and animals.

Step 2 fill in the form

The main life span of ancient residents

Physical characteristics, lifestyle, use of fire by main production tools or skills.

Yuanmou-.

Beijing natives

Prehistoric caveman

Remarks: 1. Can you compare the progress of cavemen and Beijingers from the above table?

At this time, primitive people all lived in caves.

3. "In ancient times, there were few people and many beasts, and the people were invincible." This shows that the living environment of human beings at that time was bad and the ability to transform nature was low, which was the most needed. The collective life of cavemen is called relationship.

Lesson 2 primitive farming life

1. Compare the original inhabitants of Hemudu and Banpo (the natural conditions in which they live determine their house style and the species they plant).

The style of the house is mainly where crops are planted, and the living time is called the living basin.

The original inhabitants of Hemudu

Banpo aborigines

2. Some depicting symbols on the pottery of primitive residents are considered as the embryonic form of early Chinese characters.

3. "Shennong, because of the weather, divided the land, made crops and taught the people to farm." -What kind of primitive life does this passage of Baihuguan reflect? What are the representatives of China ancients who lived in this period?

4. Understanding this lesson is the best in the world: China is the earliest country in the world.

A map of five or eight pages. Find out where ancient humans lived and point out which valley they were in.

6. The key factor leading to the transition from floating life to settled life is the appearance of primitive agriculture.

Lesson 3 China's ancestors

1, distinguish legend from history:

(1) The Yellow Emperor taught people to dig wells and invented boats and cars. (2) Lei Zu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, invented sericulture and reeling; (3) Cang Xie, a subordinate of the Yellow Emperor, invented writing; (4) Shennong teaches people to farm. (5) The Yellow Emperor was honored as the "ancestor of mankind" by later generations. (6) After a long period of development, the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di tribes formed an alliance, forming the future Chinese nation. The Chinese nation is the predecessor of the clan.

2, the establishment of, marks the end of society, the beginning of society.

3. The method of democratic election of tribal alliance leaders in primitive society is called. The root cause of this situation is the extremely low level of productivity.

6. Arrange the following historical figures correctly in chronological order.

Yao, Huangdi, Yu, Shun and Qi.

6. In "People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded five thousand years ago, and Xuanyuan in China has been passed down since ancient times", Xuanyuan refers to.

7. When was the first slave country established in the history of our country? Its establishment marks the end and beginning of our country.

Lesson 4 The Death of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

The founder of dynasty name established time, capital, tyrant perished, time hero or saint.

Summer-

business

week

1, inherited the position of father Yu, and adopted the substitution system to become.

Because the Shang Dynasty moved the capital many times, it didn't stabilize until it moved to Yin.

2. In the Great War, the Shang army defected before the war, and the King of Zhou destroyed the Shang and established the Western Zhou. The nature of this war is a new war, and the Western Zhou Dynasty produced many vassals through the system. The purpose of implementing the enfeoffment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty is.

3. "Today's avenue is hidden, the world is home, each family is close, each son is a son, and the goods are for himself. Adults think it is a gift." -"Liu Yun".

(1) When and who started this "everything is home" situation?

(2) After the demise system was destroyed, what system was replaced?

(3) Which dynasty was the first country in the history of China? What is the significance of founding the country?

4. (Shang and Zhou Dynasties) Which dynasty was the material of "thick taxes are based on the money of the deer platform and the millet of the giant bridge"? What's your impression of the characters reflected in the materials?

5. From the demise of Xia and Shang Dynasties, it is concluded that rulers should be diligent and love the people and implement benevolent policies. The cruelty of Xia Jie and Shang Zhou is the fundamental reason for the demise of Xia Shang Dynasty. We should also realize that the people's heart is the main reason for the victory or defeat of the war. )

6. Idiom in this lesson: It is better to keep the people's mouth than to keep Sichuan (Zhou Liwang) before the defeat (the battle of Makino)

Lesson 5 Brilliant Bronze Culture

1 is the glorious period of bronze culture in China. The famous bronzes are huge in size and strange in shape. There is also a unique bronze culture prevailing in southwest China. Unearthed there

And attracted the attention of China and foreign countries.

2. China was the earliest country in the world, and it was primitive in Shang Dynasty. A crop called "five grains" has appeared; Today, the main varieties of poultry and livestock already exist.

3,,,, * * together formed the splendid bronze civilization of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

According to the bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty, a horse and a bunch of silk are equivalent to the value of five slaves. This shows that slaves can buy and sell at will, and the price is very low, reflecting the tragic fate of slaves.

5. The "Shang Dynasty figurines wearing cangue" unearthed on page 5.P28 shows that slaves have no personal freedom and their fate is miserable.

6. Slave society adopts the mode of slave collective labor because of the low level of productivity.

Lesson 6 Disputes during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

1, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods. The Spring and Autumn Period started in 200 BC and ended in 200 BC. The warring States period began in 200 BC and ended in 200 BC.

2. Famous overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period: with the assistance of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he implemented reforms and developed production, becoming the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period; After the war, he became the overlord of the Central Plains. Later, he defeated Jin Jun and became the overlord.

3. The influence of the hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period: It brought disaster to the society, but some big vassal states appeared in the hegemony, which was beneficial to the unification of the country.

4. Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period-name, geographical location, and geographical location of Maling, Guiling and Changping campaigns. Familiar with the map on P3 1 page.

5. After that, the six eastern countries could no longer resist Qin Jun's attack.

6. Understand the idiom: Daughter laughs (Zhou Youwang), stays away from Miyake (the battle of Chengpu), wins the Central Plains (Chu Zhuangwang), humbles herself (the King of Yue Gou Jian), seizes the state of Wei to save Zhao (Sun Bin), and talks on paper (the battle of Changping).

7. Thinking: (1) During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi and Jin were able to become powerful rapidly because of the same reasons: reforming internal affairs, developing production and training the army.

(2) The difference between the Spring and Autumn War and the Warring States War: The Spring and Autumn Period was characterized by the hegemony of great powers, so the Spring and Autumn War was a hegemonic war. The Warring States period was characterized by merger, so the war in the Warring States period was a merger war.

Lesson 7 the era of great change

1, iron farm tools appeared in the period, and the scope of use was expanded in the period; Niu Geng appeared in recent years,

The period has further improved. Is a revolution in the history of agricultural development-because: Niu Geng saves manpower.

2. Dujiangyan is a world-famous flood control and irrigation project built in the middle reaches of Qin Dynasty. It makes the plain "flood and drought follow people without knowing hunger", so it has the reputation of a land of abundance.

3. The main symbol of the development of productive forces in the Warring States period is the use of "new". Niu Geng's promotion is also an important symbol.

4. Shang Yang reform:

(1) Background: Since the Spring and Autumn Period, with the development of production, some land has become private property, and the landlord class and peasant class have emerged. In order to establish feudal rule and develop feudal economy, the emerging landlord class set off a political reform movement, among which Shang Yang's political reform was the most famous.

(2) Contents:

Function:

(3) Discussion:

A. Why was Shang Yang's political reform opposed?

Shang Yang's reform harmed the interests of the slave owners and nobles: the reform recognized the private ownership of land, abolished the land system in the slave society, and harmed the interests of the slave owners and nobles; The war of rewarding farming abolished the privileges of the old nobles who had no military achievements.

B. Is Shang Yang's political reform a success or a failure?

It worked.-it worked. Failure-give your reasons.

C. "If the world is not governed together, the country is illegal." Who said that? What does that mean? What is his main historical story?

D, why should the monarch support the political reform? -develop production and gain an advantage in the merger war.

E. Reasons for the success of Shang Yang's political reform:

Conform to the law of social development; The reform represented the interests of the emerging landlord class as a force of social progress at that time; The content of the reform is conducive to developing production and strengthening centralization; Shang Yang's talent and moral character won the support of the supreme ruler and people.

(4) Thinking: A. The fundamental reason for political reform in various countries is the development of productive forces.

B, the main purpose of political reform in various countries is to develop the economy and win in the merger war.

C. The fundamental reason for the success of Shang Yang's political reform accords with the law of social development.

D. The most influential measure of Shang Yang's political reform on later generations is the establishment of county system.

E. In Shang Yang's political reform, the biggest blow to the slave owners and nobles was to reward the military.

F, the fundamental reason for the formation of feudal system in the Warring States period is the development of productive forces; The way to form it is the Reform Movement.

Lesson 8 The Rise of Chinese Civilization (1)

1, China's written history began in North Korea. The symbols on the pottery of primitive residents are considered as the embryonic form of early characters; The words carved on tortoise shells and animal bones are called. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, some people unified the characters into a style called; During this period, people began to write on bamboo slips or silk with a brush.

2. Today's lunar calendar, also known as the summer calendar, is said to come from. There are leap months, big months and small months in our calendar. During this period, people measure 24 solar terms a year.

He was a famous doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The method of "four diagnosis" summarized by him has always been used by Chinese medicine.

4. "Breathing too much can't hide tears and mourn the hardships of people's lives" comes from a famous poet in the Warring States Period. He lived in Chu State during the Warring States Period, and his masterpiece was translated into many languages and became a world cultural celebrity.

5. According to legend, the subordinates of the Yellow Emperor wrote music scores, and the prevalence during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period reflected the height of the development of ancient music in China. Among the musical instruments unearthed in Suizhou, Hubei, it is the most precious one.

Lesson 9 The Rise of Chinese Civilization (2)

1, fill in the form

The author who founded the school by his surname should think about it.

Kong Zi

Laozi

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contended.

The representative of this school should think about the writers of this period.

Mohists-

Confucianism-

Taoism-

Legalist school-

Military strategist

Among the thinkers in the Warring States period, Confucius' thoughts come down in one continuous line. His theory was deeply appreciated by the monarch of Qin State. Art Book is the earliest art book in the world.

4. "Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. This is called a gentleman. " Whose famous saying is this? What's his main point?

Review outline of the first volume of the seventh grade history (2)

Qin Wang swept Liuhe

1, the reform made Qin the most prosperous country in the late Warring States period. The victory of the BC war made the six eastern countries unable to resist Qin Jun's attack. In A.D., the King of Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, ending the separatist regime in the Warring States period and establishing the first centralized country in China's history, with its capital in.

2. Qin Shihuang's measures to consolidate unity are:

First, the establishment of authoritarian centralization, the main contents are:

(1) regulation.

(2) In the center.

(3) At the local level.

Second, economically: the whole country is unified and the currency is used uniformly.

Third, it is culturally unified and regarded as a national standard text. Later, the strokes were simpler. (The font of Qin official documents is)

Fourth, ideologically, for,. (pay attention to which banned books belong to the Qin dynasty:

Books other than,,).

Fifth, militarily, we sent troops to attack Xiongnu in the north and built the Great Wall of Wan Li. (Contact the famous soldiers who attacked Xiongnu in Qin and Han Dynasties)

3. Qin Changcheng is from west to east. Qin Shihuang also sent people to build, communicate and build two major water systems.

4. The territory of Qin: east, west, north and south.

5. Read the 60-page map and fill in the four boundaries of the Qin Dynasty. The beginning and end of Qin Changcheng. The capital of the Qin Dynasty.

6. Evaluation of "burning books to bury Confucianism": on the one hand, it is conducive to strengthening ideological control and consolidating national unity. On the other hand, it stifles ideas and destroys culture. (Pay attention to Guo Moruo's evaluation on page 58 of the textbook)

7. Evaluate Qin Shihuang from both positive and negative aspects. (Zheng-the historical achievements of Qin Shihuang; Anti-Qin Shihuang's "burning books to bury Confucianism" and Qin's tyranny)

1 1 lesson: punish Qin Wude.

1. The root causes of the peasant war in the late Qin Dynasty are: (1), (2), (3).

. Direct cause: Guangwu and Chen Sheng went to Yuyang to defend the border, which was delayed.

2. In 200 BC, peasant leaders launched an uprising, and in the establishment of political power, Chen Sheng became king on his own. Guangwu Uprising in Chen Sheng was the first large-scale peasant war in China, and its spirit inspired future generations to resist cruel rule.

In 2005, we defeated the main force of Qin Jun with fewer victories. In 200 AD, Xianyang was invaded and the Qin Dynasty perished.

4. Chu-Han dispute-time: 206-202 BC; Nature: the result of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu's struggle for the throne: Liu Shengbang, in 202 BC, Liu Bangjian Han, known as the Western Han Dynasty in history, was the capital of Chang 'an.

5. About the idiom "Three Chapters of the Constitution". Who is it about? . Main contents:

(1), the murderer died. (2) Compensation for the crime of injury and theft; (3) Abolishing the Qin Law. Why are you doing this? Try to buy people's hearts.

4. For other idioms or allusions, please fill in the figures related to idioms in brackets: cutting wood for soldiers () and referring to deer as horses ().

Cross the rubicon () The Hongmen Banquet () has three chapters () and is besieged on all sides ()

Xiang Zhuang's sword dance is intended for Pei Gong (,) Chu Jianghan boundary ()

5. Thinking: (1) Those who won the hearts of the people won the world, and those who lost the hearts of the people lost the hearts of the people-Qin tyranny lost the hearts of the people, provoked the people to rebel and overthrew Qin; Liu bang made three chapters, bought people's hearts, and finally won the world.

(2) The change of the nature of the war led by Liu Bang and Xiang Yu-Qin Wu as the dividing line, before Qin Wu was a peasant war, and the battle between Chu and Han before and after Qin Wu was a battle for the throne.

(3) Director Wujiang Pavilion advised Xiang Yu to cross the river and said, "What can I do if the sky dies?" Excuse me, is it really "the death of Heaven"? Reflections on the reasons for xiang yu's failure and liu bang's victory.

Unified Han dynasty

1. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the economy was depressed. Drawing lessons from Qin's death, he implemented a policy of rest and recuperation. During the Wenjing period, social stability and economic development were emphasized, which was called "Wenjing" in history, laying the foundation for the unification of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

2. Measures for the unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (achievements of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty)

(1) Politically: accept suggestions, weaken power and strengthen centralization. 2) Ideologically: accept suggestions, and take theory as feudal orthodoxy. (3) Culture: promoting education, set in Chang 'an, as the main teaching material; 4) Militarily: Send generals to win a decisive victory over Xiongnu. (5) Ethnic relations: sent to the western regions twice to communicate with the western regions; (6) Economically, the salt and iron official camp, unified coinage.

It brought the Western Han Dynasty into its heyday and achieved the unity of politics, economy, culture and thought.

3. The reasons why the Western Han Dynasty was able to enter its heyday during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty: (1) "The rule of cultural scenery" laid the foundation for Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty; (2) Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was brilliant.

4. Compare the actions of Emperor Wen of Han and Qin Shihuang: Emperor Wen of Han rewarded farming, reduced the burden on farmers, and restored and developed the social economy. Qin Shihuang's corvee and military service were heavy, and the social economy was seriously damaged; Qin Shihuang's tyranny and cruel punishment aroused the people's resistance. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty practiced benevolent policies, reduced penalties and reformed the people with morality, which promoted social stability.

5. Thinking: (1) It is recognized that legalism was adopted in Qin Dynasty, Taoism was adopted in the early years of Western Han Dynasty, and Confucianism was adopted in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, which was related to the development situation at that time.

(2) Typical exercises, through which we can understand "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone"

Material 1: Confucius, who is not in the subject of six arts, has no other way, so he does not make progress-Dong Zhongshu

Material 2: Handouts of Han Dynasty

Question: A: What proposition does the material 1 reflect?

B: Why did Emperor Wu accept Dong Zhongshu's idea?

C: What measures did the Han Dynasty take to ensure the implementation of this policy?

Economy of Han dynasty

1. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, water conservancy experts were responsible for harnessing the Yellow River.

2. The hydraulic blowing tool invented by Nanyang Taishou in the Eastern Han Dynasty was one thousand years earlier than that in the West. Crunch is a tool.

Peace and War between Han and Xiongnu

1, Khan was unified for the first time in Qin and Han dynasties and entered its heyday. (Note: The nationalities and figures of Mongolian grassland were unified for the first time). At that time, the Huns' industry was developed, and some Huns also learned it.

In 200 AD, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to attack Xiongnu. After this war, the Huns were unable to compete with the Western Han Dynasty.

In the middle of AD, the Xiongnu leader Khan surrendered to the Han Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, the emperor married the maid-in-waiting to

Khan. They contributed to the friendly coexistence between Han and Xiongnu.

4. Why can't we fight against Huns in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty?

Why did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty fight back against the Huns?

Considering the 80 pages of materials in the textbook, how to evaluate Wang Zhaojun?

5. What is the difference between the harmony in the early Western Han Dynasty and that in Wang Zhaojun's period?

(1) Different backgrounds. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, pro-marriage was a humiliating strategy adopted by the rulers when the Han Dynasty was defeated. Zhaojun went to the cottage, surrendered to Han, asked for relatives, and Zhaojun also went voluntarily, which was a combination of equality and mutual benefit.

(2) The results are different. The pro-Qin policy in the early Han dynasty could not fundamentally solve the problem of Xiongnu's intrusion on the border; However, Zhao Jun's departure from the fortress brought about friendly exchanges, integration and long-term stability.

The same is true: it is all for border peace and friendly coexistence between the two sides.