First, the reason.
1, genetic factors.
Someone made a family survey of white blood cells, and found that if one of identical twins has white blood cells, the probability of the other has white blood cells is five times that of ordinary people, and it is 12 times higher than that of identical twins. This shows that leukemia is related to heredity, and it is believed that some genetic material chromosome mutation leads to leukemia. But don't think that a family has leukemia patients, and other members will have this disease.
2. Radiation factor.
It was first discovered that radiation workers (unprotected radiologists) and non-leukemia patients receiving radiotherapy, such as spondylitis, are prone to leukemia. Leukemia among Japanese atomic bomb survivors is higher than that in other cities, the highest in five years after the explosion. This is because radiation causes malignant changes in human hematopoietic cells.
Radiation factor 3, virus factor.
This is a relatively recognized reason at present. But the virus mentioned here refers to the nuclear virus or C-RNA tumor virus parasitic in human hematopoietic cells, not the influenza virus or myocarditis virus that people often say. Because normal people have a mechanism to control this type C RNA virus, they will not get sick. If there is something wrong with the human control system, this tumor virus can turn hematopoietic cells into leukemia cells under the action of some enzymes (reverse transcriptase), leading to leukemia. Now the virus has been isolated and can be detected.
4. Chemical factors.
Some chemicals, such as benzene, have carcinogenic or leukemia effects. In recent years, people began to pay attention to ethirimol, a drug used to treat psoriasis.
Secondly.
Symptoms 1: anemia.
It is often one of the early symptoms of leukemia, mainly manifested as pallor, weakness and sweating. When I exercise or rest, I feel short of breath and my heart beats faster. As time goes on, the adaptation is getting worse and worse. The more severe anemia, the more severe leukemia.
Symptom 2: fever.
More than half of leukemia patients take fever as the early manifestation, which can be a low fever below 38 degrees. Or 39 degrees or even 40 degrees or more. Most of them are recurrent irregular fever. Leukemia patients with fever often have symptoms of respiratory tract infection such as nasal congestion, runny nose, cough and expectoration. Or urinary tract infection symptoms such as frequent urination and urgency. This is also an early symptom of major leukemia.
Fever symptom 3: bleeding.
Nearly 40% of the early symptoms of leukemia are bleeding, which can occur in all parts of the body, and is common in unexplained ecchymosis in skin, mouth, nasal cavity and nasal cavity. Blurred vision often indicates fundus hemorrhage in leukemia patients, and severe headache with nausea and vomiting often indicates intracranial hemorrhage in patients.
Symptom 4: Inflammation of nervous system.
The early symptoms of leukemia will also be inflammation of the nervous system. White blood cell infiltration can occur in arachnoid and meninges, which is very similar to brain tumor and meningitis. Patients will have symptoms such as increased intracranial pressure, meninges and limb paralysis.
Symptom 5: Sudden onset.
Leukemia has a sudden onset and a short course, especially for children and young people.
Sudden symptom 6: hepatosplenomegaly.
50% leukemia patients will have hepatosplenomegaly, especially acute leukemia hepatosplenomegaly.
Symptom 7: Lymph nodes.
Extensive lymphadenopathy is common in the whole body, especially acute leukemia, but acute lymphoma is not as obvious as chronic lymphoma. Superficial lymph nodes are in neck, submandibular and groin, while deep lymph nodes are near mediastinum and organs. Enlarged lymph nodes are generally soft or moderate in hardness, with smooth surface and no tenderness and adhesion.
Third, the treatment of leukemia.
Chemotherapy:
1. When intravenous chemotherapy drugs are injected, careless operation and liquid leakage may cause local tissue necrosis and thrombophlebitis. Therefore, medical personnel must be very careful and take preventive measures seriously.
2. Inhibit the decline of bone marrow hematopoietic system, mainly leukocytes and platelets. Before each chemotherapy, the blood picture should be checked. If the white blood cells are lower than (2.5 ~ 3) × 109/L and the platelets are lower than (50 ~ 80) × 109/L, the chemotherapy should be stopped temporarily, and the drugs for raising blood cells should be used according to the doctor's advice. In addition to the original shark liver alcohol, leixuesheng, nucleotide and 6, as well as invigorating qi and blood, some colony factors produced by gene recombination engineering in recent years have obvious effects on promoting blood cell proliferation. Only when these drugs are used in time after chemotherapy, the white blood cells will not decrease significantly.
3. Liver cells can be damaged to varying degrees, such as alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, hepatomegaly, liver pain, jaundice and so on. , serious can cause cirrhosis and coagulation mechanism disorder, so check the liver function before and during medication, find problems in time, solve them in time, and stop chemotherapy when necessary.
4. Some chemotherapeutic drugs have toxic effects on cardiovascular system, which may happen seriously. Therefore, ECG should be checked before and during medication, and the drug should be stopped immediately and treated in time if any abnormality is found. For patients with heart disease, chemotherapy drugs that are toxic to the heart should be avoided.
Chemotherapy immunotherapy:
1 activates immune cells such as phagocytes, natural killer cells and nociceptive T cells, and induces the secretion of cytokines such as leukocytes, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Such as "chitosan", a special anti-cancer immune substance.
2. Induce cancer cell apoptosis.
3, combined with traditional chemotherapy drugs (mitomycin, carmustine injection, etc. ), which not only increases the curative effect, but also reduces the amount of chemotherapy.
4. It has synergistic effect with immunotherapy drug (interferon -α2b).
5. Relieve the pain of patients with advanced cancer, increase their appetite and improve their quality of life.
Through the introduction of leukemia, I believe everyone knows some common sense of leukemia. Through this common sense, we can find early and treat early, so that we can prevent leukemia from getting worse to some extent!
Early symptoms of leukemia, leukemia