Traditional ancient villages are an important part of the essence of traditional architecture in China. Their profound cultural accumulation, rich historical information and profound cultural landscape truly reflect the imprint of rural economic development and humanistic social life in the era of agricultural civilization. There are four traditional China villages in hushan town, namely Maoxia Village, Tangxi Village, Pushang Village and Sharp Village. There are four traditional villages in China in one town, which is the only township in Fujian Province. In 20 14, Maoxia village was identified as one of the "10 key historical and cultural villages" by the Fujian provincial government. In 20 15, Maoxia Village was rated as a provincial-level rural tourism characteristic village by Fujian Provincial Tourism Bureau and Provincial Department of Finance. As the second batch of "Fujian-Taiwan Rural Tourism Experimental Bases", it was selected as one of the "Top Ten Drunk Villages in Fujian". Beixi Village was selected as "the most attractive leisure village in China" by the Ministry of Agriculture, and Beixi Wen Yuan was selected as a provincial four-star rural tourism management unit and AAA scenic spot.
There are four traditional villages in the basin of 7 square kilometers in the township. Among them, there are more than 800 ancient litchi trees over 1 0,000 years old, and the oldest one is 500 years old, showing the unique style of "the village is in the garden and the town is in the forest". Although it has suffered some damage in the process of modernization, the spatial structures such as ancient buildings, ancient trees, ancient temples, rice fields and streams that have been preserved for thousands of years are still preserved on a large scale. Coupled with the traditional farming lifestyle of transplanting rice seedlings, sowing, harvesting and manual threshing, it constitutes a complete rural pastoral cultural ecosystem in southern Fujian. It is a treasure of Minnan culture live transmission and a gathering place for the protection of traditional ancient villages in southern Fujian.
Living fossils of traditional buildings in southern Fujian: thousands of years of historical reappearance and changes. More than 350 traditional houses in southern Fujian have been preserved in Hushan Town from Ming Dynasty to modern times. It also includes a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit Fuxing Hall residence, which can be called "a masterpiece of traditional architectural technology in southern Fujian". These dwellings retain the wooden and stone frames of traditional buildings in China, and are improved according to the local unique building materials and climatic conditions, forming a unique architectural style of "red brick, gray tile, white stone foundation, dovetail ridge", "three entrances, five bays and two protections".
Most of the traditional houses here use the whole log as the component, the red brick and gray tile fired by clay as the external component and the large white stone as the foundation. They have good moisture resistance, drainage, firmness and wear resistance, are suitable for the local humid and rainy climate, and are the perfect interpretation of the harmony between man and nature in architecture.
Xiushan traditional folk houses retain the architectural pattern of "the back of the mountain is close to the field and trees are planted around the water" since ancient times. The design of patio, drainage, wind pool and roof orientation in architecture is closely related to the builder's zodiac, attributes and mountain trend, and is an important historical material for studying the geographical position pattern of architecture in southern Fujian.
Architectural techniques are mostly carved beams and painted buildings, painted with gold and plastic, elegant and gorgeous. Carving types include wood carving, brick carving and stone carving. Forms include round carving, freehand carving, relief and so on. The theme covers flowers, birds, fish and insects, auspicious animals, war scenes, characters' allusions, myths and legends, etc. , and exquisite skills, rich and colorful. Generally speaking, the construction concept, layout and structural decoration of Xiushan traditional folk houses are all models of traditional architecture in southern Fujian, which can be called a living fossil of architectural skills in southern Fujian.
The "antiquity" of Xiushan not only has a long history, but also lies in its cultural tradition. Many cultural partners are still alive today. For example, the black tile kiln left over from the Song Dynasty now burns one or two kilns every month, and each kiln produces seven or eight thousand traditional black tiles for the maintenance of local ancient buildings. In the ancient stockade, blowers for production appliances, pottery pots and stone mills for daily necessities can be seen everywhere, and a breath of life rises from the smoke; In the field, the old farmer wearing a hat and rolling his trouser legs is driving the buffalo in the field, and connecting with the rice field into a peaceful picture of harmony between man and nature; In Gucuo, flower windows, cornices, plaques, couplets and scales are integrated with smart kettles, smart appliances and time machines with the flavor of the times; On the ancient street, the old people are holding pipa, flute and erhu, playing and singing the southern sound of "the living fossil of Chinese classical music" leisurely; On the stove, the local specialty food-Bangshe soft-shelled turtle, inherits the technological process and formula passed down from generation to generation, and exudes familiar ancient fragrance; On New Year's Eve, people still keep traditional activities and customs such as "inviting fire", "dancing dragon lanterns" and "dancing bronze figures". The people and villages here abide by the rules and traditions of the past-before ancient times, half an acre of ponds, full of ducks, were surrounded by Guli's houses and gradually turned into forests, with rice ridges and mountains, and many ladders. Ancient objects do not exist in the form of lonely, dead and silent cultural relics, but are accompanied by people's big data, internet of things and intelligence, which can be called a museum for the active spread of Minnan culture.
The root of folk culture in Fujian and Taiwan: the hometown of Xiangshui is Xiushan Town. In A.D. 1037, Chen Rongzu, the founder of Shimizu, was born in Pushang Village, Xiushan Town, and studied and practiced in Xianyuyan, Nanshan. After he became a monk, he sent medicine everywhere, handed down scriptures and prayed for Purdue. At the age of 65, he died as a Buddha in Qingshuiyan, Anxi, and his dharma name was universal. He is the first of the five major folk beliefs in southern Fujian, with hundreds of branches and many believers in Fujian, Taiwan Province Province and parts of Southeast Asia. Xiushan, as the hometown of Qingshui, preserves the "stone study room" where the founder read and herded cattle when he was a child, the legendary story of the founder's "chanting at dusk" and the complete and rich belief culture of Qingshui. Every year, on the founder's birthday, followers of the founder travel thousands of miles to Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Southeast Asia and other places to seek roots in Xiushan, and cultural exchanges flourish.
It is also the ancestral home of Nanshan Chen, my sister-in-law. 80% of Lushan people are surnamed Chen. Chen here is a school of Gong (), the captain of Chen who moved to Fujian from Gushi County, Gwangju, Henan Province in 956. In the early Song Dynasty, his descendants settled in Lushan Town at the foot of Xiaogu Nanshan Mountain, and built the Chen Ancestral Hall at 1400. There are 24 generations of descendants of this ancestral hall with a total population of nearly 500,000. It is distributed in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Taiwan Province, Southeast Asia, the United States and Canada, and its footprint is all over the world. Every winter, Chen Ancestral Hall holds a grand ceremony of "Winter Sacrifice to Ancestors", paying attention to ancestor worship. The process follows the steps of "inviting grandmother", "thanking land", "thanking Kuixing", "offering incense", "offering wine", "reciting sacrifices" and "praying for blessings", which is complete and orderly. On that day, thousands of people from all over the world will come here to seek roots and worship their ancestors and talk about economy and culture. The scene is spectacular.
They believe in four common gods, namely, Baosheng Emperor, Guangze Wang Zun, Sanping Founder and Fa Gong Zu, and two national heroes, Zheng Chenggong and Qi Jiguang. These beliefs are not only an important part of Minnan culture, but also an important cultural hub connecting Fujian, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, which is of positive significance for strengthening the cultural and emotional exchanges between Fujian, Taiwan and even the world.
According to the principle of "giving priority to protection, giving priority to transformation and developing moderately", the Party Committee and government of hushan town actively explore a scientific and reasonable sustainable development model, protect famous historical and cultural towns and villages, take rural revitalization as the main line, take rural scenery, ancient streets, ancient buildings and ancient dwellings as the carrier, activate the vitality of traditional villages, and promote the renovation of culture, style, facilities and environment.