Wine is not only a drink containing alcohol, but also given many interesting nicknames by scholars. Every famous wine has a beautiful legend. Drinking is not only drinking, but also many games, plus ancient stories about Brewmaster, Dionysus and Dionysus. So the ancients said, "drinking is learning, not eating." In a word, wine culture includes cultural phenomena such as wine preparation, taste, function and history. It not only has the material characteristics of wine itself, but also has the spiritual connotation formed by wine tasting. It is a specific cultural form formed in the process of wine-making and drinking activities.
China is a kingdom of wine and a paradise for drinkers. There is no distinction between north and south, between men and women, old and young. This way of drinking has lasted for thousands of years. In China, the meaning of drinking is far more than physical consumption and pleasure. On many occasions, it is regarded as a cultural symbol, a cultural consumption, and used to express a etiquette, an atmosphere, an interest and a mentality.
In the folklore of China, almost any activity will involve alcohol. In the first month, relatives and friends will get together for dinner. Tu Su wine is drunk every New Year. At the earliest, young people drank first. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, the order was changed to the customization of long before young. It is popular to drink realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival. Realgar is said to have the effect of "killing snakes and relieving sore poison" Drinking soju mixed with realgar can ward off evil spirits and repel mosquitoes. In ancient China, the land god was called the social god, and the day of offering sacrifices to the social god was called the social day. On this day, residents bring wine and vegetables to sacrifice to the country and get together for a drinking party, which is called country wine. In addition, there are sacrifices to the gods of heaven and earth, to the dead ancestors, and to wine; Banquet guests from afar; Reunion wine after a long separation; Celebration wine, festive wine and so on for victory, marriage and longevity.
There are not only many kinds of wine in China, but also many interesting nicknames and nicknames given by ancient literati. For example, Song Yu of the Warring States and Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, are called wine and nectar; Cao Cao famously said, "How to solve your worries? Only after Du Kang, people took Du Kang, the inventor of wine making, as a synonym for wine; "History of Eating Goods in Hanshu" says: "A drinker is a beauty in heaven. "This means a godsend. Buddhists such as monks and nuns also call wine "Prajna soup", which is a transliteration of Sanskrit, meaning wisdom, that is, wine is wisdom soup; In addition, there are such names as Jin Bo, Yu Ye, Yin Guang, Liu Huang and Lu Lao, and the list goes on.
Among many wine cultures, I like China's wine culture best, which is the win-lose game when drinking.
China's wine culture has a long history, and so does the wine order that accompanies it. Liquor Order is the essence of wine culture, a unique cultural phenomenon in China and one of the most distinctive things in Chinese wine culture.
It is said that the Nine Mausoleums originated from the sacrifices and celebrations held by soldiers before and after the triumph in the Spring and Autumn Period. Later, this kind of game in the military slowly spread to the people, and its form and style also changed greatly, becoming a tool for drinking for fun and activating the atmosphere from the rich and noble to the peddler. Therefore, alcoholic beverages can make the whole drinking activity relaxed and lively, and people can have fun and enjoy endless joy in this activity.
The word "wine order" originally refers to the chief winemaker. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that it began to be used as a proper name, especially for the decisive activities at banquets. Liquor orders are generally divided into two categories: elegant orders and general orders. Yaling, as its name implies, refers to an elegant wine order, a literati wine order, and a more elegant and difficult wine order. Paying attention to elegant language and romantic style of writing requires improvising poems, couplets, or reciting ancient poems and songs, so participants should have certain literary literacy. Such as daughter order, inscription order, tooth card order, flower-and-bird homophonic order, shooting reply order and so on. A general order refers to an easy-to-understand wine order, which generally does not require any literary accomplishment and is easy to push the atmosphere of the banquet to a climax, so it is very popular. For example, thumb throwing, dice throwing, spoon sequence, Chinese New Year sequence, inflorescence opening, parcel delivery sequence, etc. Among them, fencing is still very popular in modern times and is highly valued by drinkers.
When it comes to drinkers' wager game, it is easy to think of A Dream of Red Mansions, one of China's four classical novels. There are many banquet scenes in the book. Of course, it is essential to have a banquet, and drinking is more important to accompany the wine. Cao Xueqin is a master of language arts. By describing many banquets, he showed readers the luxurious and exquisite life of Jia men and women, and also naturally and vividly integrated the unique wine culture in China into his works. What's even more amazing is that he also used many different drinking orders in the book to create vivid characters for us, and highlighted the personality characteristics of the main characters through drinking orders, suggesting their tragic fate and ending. Cao Xueqin loves wine and knows wine culture well. He integrated the wine culture accompanied by wine into A Dream of Red Mansions, which made his works have a different style.
For example, the 40th time "Jin Yuanyang's Three Declared Teeth" was beautifully written, and the characters and language descriptions brought out the best in each other. He skillfully combined the wine preface with the character, talent and status of the characters, and implied the fate of the characters in the preface, which profoundly showed the author's talent and artistic structure. On the 28th time, Jia Baoyu issued a new wine order, saying, "If you want to say four words: sadness, sorrow, joy and joy, just say your daughter, and also indicate the reasons for these four words." It's hard to think. The sixty-second time, it is even more difficult, that is, Shi Xiangyun's wine preface: "Wine noodles need an ancient poem, an ancient poem, a domino name, a musical instrument name, a constitutional word, and * * * always adds up to one sentence." There is no statistics on how much wine is written in the whole Dream of Red Mansions, except that there are a lot of wine in the book, which makes China's wine culture beautiful in different places. Just a drinker's wager game is a complete culture. Studying the past sentence by sentence is really a pile of allusions and good poems. I'm afraid only Cao Xueqin can come up with such a complicated and profound punch line. Therefore, drinking like this is not drinking, but drinking culture.
The term wine culture was put forward by Yu Guangyuan, a famous economist in China, in 1985. He pointed out that "culture in a broad sense should include wine culture." Culture refers to the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social and historical development, so culture includes all fields of human production and life.
Since its appearance, wine has not only been a drink, but also entrusted people's emotions. It carries the Chinese culture of rites and music, poetry and sacrifice, and is endowed with social significance, which leads to various cultural phenomena and constitutes a huge and complex cultural whole. People in China pay great attention to the timing and environment of drinking, but it is often said that "drunkenness is not about wine", and more people use wine and drinking to express things other than wine. Especially when you are slightly drunk and half drunk, you will have a self-confidence to overcome all obstacles and a feeling of complacency. At this time of the party, the situation is extremely interesting. People who drink seem to forget themselves: some shout for more wine, some walk around changing seats with others, and even don't care about the difference between host and guest, most of them are immersed in carnival. This is the result of the inhibition of alcohol on the cerebral cortex, which has achieved the purpose of relaxing the atmosphere of etiquette occasions and enhancing the feelings of both sides.
In the kingdom of literature and art, wine culture has a great and far-reaching influence on literary artists and their masterpieces. The artistic freedom gained by drunkenness is an important way for China ancient artists to get rid of bondage and gain artistic creativity. In the history of China literature, examples of poems and paintings abound.
Wine culture is a part of traditional culture. Similarly, wine culture also shows some disadvantages, and a series of social problems caused by wine have to be paid attention to. We should also take its essence and discard its dross, and we need to look at wine and wine culture objectively.