Animal physiology is a science that specializes in the normal life activities of healthy animals, and it is the core course of the whole life science related specialty. This book focuses on the physiology of livestock and poultry, based on the courses of animal anatomy and histology, embryology, zoology and animal biochemistry. It is a compulsory professional basic course for the majors of animal medicine, animal science, animal pharmacy, aquaculture, animal and plant quarantine, life science, aquarium science and technology, wildlife and nature reserve management, biotechnology, etc. It can also be used for veterinary pathology, veterinary pharmacology, livestock internal medicine, livestock surgery, livestock diagnostics, animal nutrition and livestock reproduction. This book includes introduction, basic functions of cells, neurophysiology, muscle, blood, blood circulation, respiration, digestion and absorption, energy metabolism and thermoregulation, urinary system, endocrine, reproduction, lactation and physiological characteristics of birds *** 14. In terms of material selection, this textbook fully considers the systematicness and advancement of animal physiology knowledge system and its continuity with other courses, covers the main basic knowledge points of animal physiology in content, and systematically introduces the basic theories, knowledge and skills of animal physiology from the whole, organ system, cell and molecular level, striving for innovation, tracking the latest frontier scientific research achievements and trends of animal physiology, and highlighting the characteristics of the times of the subject, so that this book has wider practicability. This book pays special attention to the basic principle of integrating theory with practice and serving clinical practice. Each chapter tries to highlight the correlation between animal physiology and subsequent disciplines and majors, and increase the citation of cases and production cases to lay a solid professional foundation for the study of specialized courses. Through the study of animal physiology, students can master the basic laws and theories of animals in the process of adapting to environmental changes; Understand the role of animal physiology theory in animal medicine, animal production, animal resources protection and utilization and other practical activities; Understand the relationship between animal physiology and other related disciplines and the frontier hot issues in the development of this discipline. This book lists an overview of this chapter in front of each chapter, and expands knowledge points such as new concepts, new discoveries, new progress, important events with physiological significance and some difficult disease cases in the form of knowledge cards, and increases the English-Chinese comparison of animal physiology terms to help students learn actively and improve their reading comprehension ability in professional English. Finally, there are review questions at the back of each chapter to facilitate students' introspection and self-test. This textbook is concise, illustrated, focused and well-organized, emphasizing the scientific, advanced, systematic and readable content, which is convenient for teachers and students to teach and learn. In addition, the arrangement of chapters in this book has been adjusted. At present, other similar textbooks used in China put the chapter of neurophysiology after the chapters of blood circulation, respiration, digestion and absorption. In this way, when it comes to the knowledge of neuromodulation, teachers' teaching and students' understanding will have certain difficulties because there is no basic knowledge of neurophysiology. In order to overcome the above contradictions, this book adjusts neurophysiology to the third chapter, which solves the above problems well. Members of the editorial board of this book 15 come from the first-line lecturers in colleges and universities nationwide 1 1, with an average age of about 40. All of them have the titles of associate professors and above, among which 10 teacher has a doctorate. They have many years of teaching, scientific research and practical experience in animal physiology, and the teaching results are remarkable. Members of the editorial board are all teaching and scientific research backbones of their schools, among which 6 have presided over the National Natural Science Foundation Project 12 times, and many of them have presided over and participated in the research of provincial and municipal natural science foundations and educational reform projects, laying a solid foundation for us to complete the task of writing this book with high quality. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Zhao Qiang of Nankai University for his comprehensive and meticulous revision of this book, and put forward many fruitful and constructive suggestions for the compilation of this book. It is true that the pursuit of perfection is our goal, but the mistakes and defects in the book are inevitable. I hope colleagues and users will give us their opinions. This textbook can also be used in normal universities, comprehensive universities, higher vocational colleges and other life science undergraduate and specialist majors. It is also suitable for adult education, and can be used as a teaching book for graduate students and a reference book for researchers.

Animal Physiology II Tianjin 2065438+April 2, 2002 Chapter I Introduction Section I Research Objects and Contents of Animal Physiology I. Research Objects of Animal Physiology II. Research Contents of Animal Physiology Section II Development and Research Methods of Physiology 1. Physiology is an experimental science 2. Physiological research methods. Study on Animal Physiology at Different Levels Section III Basic Characteristics of Life I, Metabolism II, Excitability III, Reproduction IV, Adaptability Section IV Internal Environment and Its Steady State I, Internal Environment II, Steady State III, The Steady State of Internal Environment is a Dynamic Balance Section V Adjustment Methods of Physiological Function I, Neuroregulation II, Body Fluid Regulation III, Self-regulation Section VI Control System I, Non-automatic Control System II, Automatic Control System III, Feedforward Control System Section VII Learning Purpose and Method of Animal Physiology I. Learning Purpose of Animal Physiology II. Learning Method of Animal Physiology Chapter II Basic Functions of Cells Section I Composition and Structure of Cell Membrane Section I Composition and Liquid Mosaic Model Section II Structure of Cell Membrane Section II Transmembrane Transport of Ions and Low Molecules Section II Passive Transport Section III Active Transport Section III Transmembrane Signal Transduction in and out of Cells Section III, G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction Ⅱ, enzyme-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction Ⅲ, ion channel receptor-mediated signal transduction Ⅳ, bioelectricity of cells Ⅰ, passive electrical characteristics of cell membrane Ⅱ, resting potential of cells and its generation mechanism Ⅲ. Cell action potential and its mechanism. Excitability and excitability of tissues Chapter III Neurophysiology Section I Cells and their functions I Neurons and their basic functions II. Functional relationship between glial cells and their basic functions. Synapse and synaptic transmission II. Neurotransmitter III. The third section is the general law of receptor reflex activity 1. Basic process of reflex arc and reflection II. Contact modes of central neurons. Transmission characteristics of central excitation. Types and mechanisms of central inhibition. Interaction between excitation and inhibition of nerve center. Sensory function of nervous system. Receptor 2. Sensory conduction pathway 3. Sensory analysis function of cerebral cortex. Pain V, Vision VI, Hearing VII, Smell and Taste VIII, Feeling of Skin Section V Regulation of Body Movement by Nervous System I, Regulation of Body Movement by Spinal Cord II, Regulation of Muscle Tension and Posture by Brainstem III, Regulation of Movement by Cerebellum IV, Regulation of Body Movement by Cerebral Cortex VI, Regulation of Visceral Activity by Nervous System I, Structural and Functional Characteristics of Autonomic Nervous System II. Central regulation of autonomic nervous system II. Higher nervous activity of the seventh brain. Conditional reflex III. Nerve types of animals Chapter 4 Structure of the first muscle I Structure and function of skeletal muscle II. Type 2 of skeletal muscle. Mechanism of muscle cell contraction I. Molecular structural basis of myofilament sliding II. Sliding theory of muscle contraction III. Contraction function of muscle cells i. Nerve? Transmission of muscle and joint excitement II. Skeletal muscle excitement? Section IV Contraction coupling contraction effect of skeletal muscle and its influencing factors I. Contraction effect of skeletal muscle II. Contraction and III. Influencing factors of skeletal muscle contraction efficiency. Energy changes of muscle contraction and muscle fatigue Section 5 Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle I. Heterogeneity of smooth muscle cells II. Contraction and Regulation of Smooth Muscle IV Catalogue Chapter 5 Blood Section 1 Composition and Physical and Chemical Properties of Blood I, Composition and Blood Volume II. Physical and chemical characteristics of blood. Physiological functions of blood II. Blood cells i. erythrocyte physiology II. Leukocyte physiology III. Platelet physiology III. Coagulation i. Coagulation II. Anticoagulation system and fibrinolysis III. Anticoagulant and accelerating measures. Blood type and blood transfusion i. Blood type and erythrocyte agglutination II. Blood transfusion principle III. Blood type of animals and its application Chapter VI Blood circulation Section I Bioelectrical phenomena and physiological characteristics of myocardial cells Section I Bioelectrical phenomena of myocardial cells Section II Physiological characteristics of myocardial cells Section III Electrocardiogram Section II Cardiac cycle and cardiac pumping function Section I Heart rate and cardiac cycle Section II Cardiac pumping function and its mechanism Section III Heart sounds and phonograms Section IV Evaluation of cardiac pumping function Section V Reserve of cardiac pumping function Section VI. Factors affecting cardiac output. Vascular physiology I. Structure and function of various blood vessels II. Blood flow, blood flow resistance and blood pressure. Arterial blood pressure and pulse. Venous blood pressure and venous reflux v. microcirculation. Formation and reflux of interstitial fluid and lymph. Regulation of cardiovascular activities i. Neuroregulation II. Humoral regulation III. Self-regulation of cardiovascular activities. Long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure Section 5 Organ circulation I. Coronary circulation II. Pulmonary circulation III. Chapter 7 of cerebral circulation Breathing Section 1 Pulmonary ventilation I Organ and function of pulmonary ventilation II. Principles of lung ventilation III. Pulmonary ventilation assessment II. Gas exchange i. Basic principles of gas exchange II. Pulmonary ventilation III. Tissue Ventilation Section III Gas Transportation I, Oxygen Transportation II, Carbon Dioxide Transportation Section IV Regulation of Respiratory Movement I, Neuroregulation II, Regulation of Chemical Factors III, Effect of Plateau on Breathing V Chapter VIII Digestion and Absorption Section I Overview I, Digestion Mode II, Physiological Characteristics of Smooth Muscle of Digestive Tract III, Main Functions of Digestive Tract Section II Regulation of Feeding and Feeding Mode II. Feeding center three. Factors regulating food intake. Oral digestion i. chewing II. Saliva secretes III Swallow IV. Digestion in crop IV. Single stomach digestion i. gastric juice secretion II. Stomach movement iii. Gastric emptying and regulation. Vomiting v. gastric digestion i. rumen and reticulum digestion II. Gas production and burping. Forestomach movement and its regulation. Ruminant v. the role of esophageal groove. Stomach digestion VII. Abomasum digestion. Digestion of small intestine I. Secretion of pancreatic juice II. The secretion of bile. Secretion of small intestinal fluid. Movement of small intestine v. Function of ileocecal valve (or ileocecal sphincter) VII. Digestion of large intestine i. Secretion of large intestine fluid II. Digestion of microorganisms in large intestine. Movement and defecation of large intestine Section VIII Absorption I. Location and route of absorption II. Absorption of main nutrients by small intestine. Absorption function of large intestine Chapter 9 Energy metabolism and thermoregulation Section 1 Energy metabolism I. Source and utilization of body energy II. Determination of energy metabolism. Factors affecting energy metabolism. Basal metabolism and resting energy metabolism Section II Body temperature and its regulation I. Animal body temperature II. The process of heat generation and heat dissipation in animals Chapter 10 Urine Section 1 Structure and blood supply of kidney I. Structural characteristics of kidney II. Blood supply to the kidneys II. The formation of urine i. the nature and composition of urine II. Glomerular filtration. Reabsorption and secretion of renal tubules and collecting ducts. Concentration and dilution of urine. Urine concentration. Mechanism of urine concentration. Regulation of urine production I. Self-regulation of kidney II. Regulation of nerves and body fluids v. micturition i. Peritoneum of ureter sends urine from renal pelvis to bladder II. The innervation of bladder and urethra. Urinary reflex Chapter VI XI Endocrinology Section 1 Overview I. Hormone types II. Hormone metabolism. General characteristics of hormone action. Mechanism of hormone action II. Endocrine of hypothalamus i. neuroendocrine structure II. Hypothalamus ⅲ mainly regulates the types, structures and functions of peptides. Main physiological functions of hypothalamus. Regulation mechanism of hypothalamic hormone secretion. Pituitary endocrine i. adenohypophysis II. Neurohypophysis. Thyroid endocrine I, thyroid hormone II. Physiological function of thyroid hormone. Regulation of thyroid hormone secretion Section V Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D3. Calcitonin III, 1, 25? Dihydroxy vitamin D3 Section 6 Hormones such as pancreatic endocrine I, insulin II, glucagon III, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide Section 7 Adrenal cortex endocrine II, Adrenal medullary endocrine Section 8 Other endocrine glands or cells I, Pineal gland II, Thymus III, Prostate IV, Placenta V, gastrointestinal mucosal endocrine cells VI, adipocyte reproduction Chapter 12 Section 1 Individual development of animal reproductive function I and embryonic development of reproductive system II. Staging of sexual activity. Sexual season (breeding season) Section 2. Male reproductive function and regulation I. Testicular function II. Testicular function regulation III. Function of accessory organs. Sexual excitement and sexual reflex. Female reproductive function and regulation I, ovarian function II. The sexual cycle of female animals. The fourth stage of the sexual cycle. Regulation of sexual cycle v. accessory organs and their physiological functions. Pregnancy 1, fertilization 2. Implant three. Pregnancy maintenance IV. Physiological changes of female animals during pregnancy. Pseudopregnancy V. Delivery Chapter XIII Breastfeeding I. Comparative Anatomical Structure of Breast II. The development of the second section of breast structure 1. Methods for determination of breast development. The developmental stage of breast 3. Relationship between breast development and endocrine. The relationship between breast development and nervous system Section III Start, maintenance and breast retraction 1. Lactation begins 2. Maintenance of breastfeeding. The synthesis of milk in the fourth quarter of breast retraction 1. Cell organ and milk synthesis II. Synthesis of Milk Chapter XIV Physiological Characteristics of Poultry Section I Blood, Composition and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Blood, Blood Cells, Coagulation, Blood Circulation, Cardiophysiology, Vascular Physiology, and Regulation of Cardiovascular Activities Section III Respiratory Physiology, Structural Basis of Respiratory System, Respiratory Movement, Gas Exchange and Transportation, and Regulation of Respiratory Movement Section IV Digestion I, Digestion in the mouth and crop II, Digestion III in the stomach, Digestion IV in the small intestine Absorption Section 5 Energy Metabolism and Thermoregulation I, Energy Metabolism and Its Influencing Factors II, Body Temperature and Its Regulation Section 6 Excretion I, Physical and Chemical Characteristics, Composition and Urine Volume II, Urine Production III, Salt Excretion Function of Nasal Glands Section 7: Nervous System I, Central Nervous II, Peripheral Nervous VIII: Endocrine I, Pituitary II, Thyroid III, Parathyroid IV, Retrobranchial Gland V, Adrenal VI, Pancreas VII, Gonad VIII. References.