Heatstroke refers to the symptoms of disorder of body temperature regulation, disorder of water and electrolyte metabolism and impairment of nervous system function under the long-term effect of high temperature and thermal radiation. Patients with brain diseases, the elderly and the infirm, and women with poor heat tolerance are particularly prone to heatstroke. Heatstroke is a life-threatening emergency. If it is not treated quickly and forcefully, it will lead to convulsion and death, permanent brain damage or renal failure. The core temperature of 465438 0℃ is a sign of serious prognosis. A slight increase in body temperature often leads to death. Old age, weakness and alcoholism can aggravate the prognosis. There are many reasons for heatstroke. Working in a high-temperature workshop, coupled with poor ventilation, is prone to heatstroke. In agriculture and open-air operations, the direct exposure of the sun, coupled with the exposure of the earth, makes the atmospheric temperature rise again, making people's meninges congested and cerebral cortex ischemic, causing heatstroke, and the increase of humidity in the air is easy to induce heatstroke; In public places and families, people are crowded and concentrated, heat production is concentrated, and heat dissipation is difficult. Countermeasures for heatstroke What should I do after heatstroke? When you find yourself and others with symptoms of threatened heatstroke and mild heatstroke, the first thing to do is to quickly evacuate the high temperature environment that causes heatstroke and choose a cool and ventilated place to rest; And drink more salty and cold drinks. You can also apply cool oil, wind oil essence, etc. On the forehead and temples, or take Ren Dan, ten drops of water, Huoxiang Zhengqi water and other traditional Chinese medicines. If your blood pressure drops and you collapse, you should lie flat immediately and go to the hospital for intravenous drip of normal saline in time. For severe heatstroke patients, in addition to immediately transferring them from high temperature environment to a cool and ventilated place, they should also be sent to the hospital quickly and take comprehensive measures for treatment. If you are far away from the hospital, you should keep the patient away from the high temperature environment, wrap the patient with wet sheets or clothes and give him a strong fan to increase evaporation and heat dissipation. It is also a good idea to soak the patient in a lake or river while waiting for transfer, or even use snow or ice to cool him down. If the patient is shivering, the cooling process should be slowed down, because shivering can increase the core body temperature (warning: the body temperature should be measured every 10 minute/time. Don't let the body temperature drop to 38.3℃, so as not to continue to cool down and cause hypothermia. In hospitals, the core body temperature should be continuously monitored to ensure its stability. Avoid stimulants and sedatives, including morphine; If convulsions cannot be controlled, diazepam and barbiturates can be injected intravenously. Electrolyte should be determined frequently to guide intravenous fluid infusion. After severe heatstroke, it is best to stay in bed for a few days, and the body temperature can still fluctuate within a few weeks. Heatstroke prevention and cooling ★ Remember to prepare sunscreen equipment when going out in summer to avoid exposure to the hot sun. 10- 16 It is best not to walk in the scorching sun, because the sun is strongest at this time. The possibility of heatstroke is that if you have to go out at this time, you must take good protection, such as umbrella, sun hat and sunglasses. If possible, it is best to apply sunscreen; Prepare plenty of water and drinks. In addition, in the hot summer, you can take heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs, such as ten drops of water, Ren Dan, essential oil, etc. It must be kept at hand in case of emergency. When going out, try to choose cotton, linen and silk fabrics, and wear less chemical fiber clothing to avoid heat dissipation in time when sweating a lot, resulting in heatstroke. The elderly, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, especially those with cardiovascular diseases, should try to reduce outdoor activities in the hot season. ★ Don't wait for thirst to drink water. Don't wait for thirst to drink water, because thirst means that your body is short of water. Ideally, drink 1.5 to 2 liters of water every day according to the temperature. When sweating a lot, you can add some salt water appropriately to make up for the salt lost by sweating. In addition, the human body is prone to potassium deficiency in summer, which makes people feel tired and weak. Potassium tea is an excellent summer drink. ★ Vegetables eaten in summer, such as lettuce, cucumber and tomato, have high water content; Fresh fruits, such as peaches, apricots, watermelons and melons, have a water content of 80% to 90% and can be used to supplement water. In addition, dairy products can not only replenish water, but also meet the nutritional needs of the body. Secondly, people who can't avoid working in a high temperature environment should appropriately supplement drinks containing elements such as potassium and magnesium. ★ Keep enough sleep. In summer, the days are long, the nights are short and the temperature is high. Human metabolism is vigorous, consumption is large, and it is easy to feel tired. Adequate sleep can relax the brain and body system, which is not only beneficial to work and study, but also a measure to prevent heatstroke. The best time to sleep is from 22: 00 to 23: 00, and the best time to get up is from 5: 30 to 6: 30. Be careful not to lie under the air conditioning outlet and electric fan when sleeping, so as not to get air conditioning disease and catch a cold. How to prevent heatstroke? What should I do if I get heatstroke? Heatstroke is a disorder of body temperature regulation under the influence of high temperature, which is often caused by exposure to hot sun or heavy physical labor in high temperature environment. Severe heatstroke can be further divided into heatstroke and high fever, that is, a large amount of heat accumulates in the body. People suffering from heatstroke will have drowsiness, coma, flushing, dry and hot skin, no sweat, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure and high fever, and their body temperature may exceed 40 degrees. Heat exhaustion means that there is not a lot of accumulated heat in the body. People suffering from heatstroke may have pale face, cold skin, weak pulse, shallow and rapid breathing, syncope, coma and blood pressure drop. Spasm of heatstroke: it is not directly related to high temperature, but occurs after strenuous labor and exercise. Because drinking water without supplementing salt after sweating a lot, blood sodium and chlorine are reduced, and blood potassium can also be reduced, resulting in paroxysmal painful muscle spasm (commonly known as cramp), thirst, less urine, but normal body temperature. Overview of heatstroke heatstroke: that is, strong sunlight irradiates the head, causing the intracranial temperature to rise. Patients with heatstroke have severe headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, dizziness, irritability, mental disorder, coma in severe cases, and slight increase in body temperature. Emergency rescue for heatstroke: Get rid of the high temperature environment and quickly move the heatstroke victim to a cool and ventilated place to rest. Let it lie flat, raise its head and unbutton it. Fluid supplement: If heatstroke patients are conscious and have no nausea or vomiting, they can drink salty and cold drinks, tea and mung bean soup. To cool down and replenish blood volume. Artificial cooling: cooling methods such as electric fan blowing can be used, but the patient cannot be directly blown to prevent catching a cold again. Ice compress: You can also apply cold compress to your head. You should put an ice pack (ice cubes, popsicles, water ice cream, etc.). Put it in a plastic bag and seal it tightly) At the head, armpits, groin and other large blood vessels, you can use cold water or 30% alcohol to rub the bath until the skin turns red. Temperature was measured every 10- 15 minutes 1 time. Precautionary measures in the field of heatstroke and key points of first aid afterwards: Outdoor athletes often chase Shan Ye, but after being exposed to fierce sunlight for a long time, the heat and temperature in the body can't be fully dissipated, resulting in an increase in body temperature, damage to the thermoregulatory center in the brain, and stopping activities. This is heatstroke. People suffering from heatstroke will have headaches, high fever, vomiting or fainting, and sometimes they will die. So outdoor athletes must pay attention to prevention and first aid. You'd better wear a sun hat to prevent exposure to the sun for too long. Once heatstroke occurs, first aid should be given as soon as possible to avoid collapse and death. First, move the patient to the shade, loosen or take off his clothes, let him lie down comfortably, and raise his head and shoulders with something. Cover his head with a cold wet towel, preferably a water bag or an ice bag. Wipe your body with a sponge soaked in alcohol or a towel soaked in cold water, and fan it as cold as possible to let his body temperature drop to normal temperature. Finally, measure his temperature or observe the patient's pulse rate. If it is lower than 1 10 per minute, it means that his body temperature is tolerable. If it is above 1 10, all cooling methods should be stopped. Observe 10 minutes or so. If the body temperature continues to rise, it should be cooled again. After regaining consciousness, give salt water to drink, but not irritants. In addition, coverage is provided according to the patient's comfort. Under the influence of high temperature, excessive heat accumulation in the body or dysfunction of the thermoregulatory center will endanger life activities. The human body can maintain a body temperature of about 37℃ because the heat generated by metabolism and exercise of various organs and tissues in the body can be balanced by the heat lost from skin surface, breathing and sweating. When the ambient temperature is higher than the skin temperature and the humidity is too high, evaporation and heat dissipation will be blocked and a lot of heat will accumulate. If measures are not taken in time, it will lead to heatstroke. Field workers, overworked people, patients with chronic diseases, the elderly and pregnant women are all prone to heatstroke. Mild heatstroke is characterized by trance, fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, sweating, nausea, and body temperature exceeding 37.5℃. People with these symptoms can recover after 3-4 hours' rest if they leave the high temperature environment in time. There are four types of severe heatstroke: ① heatstroke failure: this type is the most common. It is caused by insufficient blood volume caused by sweating and peripheral vasodilation. The onset is more urgent, and it often occurs when standing or suddenly fainting at work, which is more common in the elderly and those who fail to adapt to the high temperature in time. ② heatstroke spasm: drinking alcohol after sweating without timely supplementation of sodium salt causes paroxysmal pain and spasm during skeletal muscle contraction, which is more common in young adults. ③ Heatstroke: The head is exposed to the scorching sun (the brain temperature can reach 40 ~ 42℃), causing congestion and edema of brain tissue. It is characterized by severe headache and vomiting and severe coma, but the body temperature does not necessarily rise. ④ Heatstroke and high fever: a large amount of heat energy is trapped in the patient's body, with the body temperature as high as 465,438 0℃, dry skin, unconsciousness, mental disorder, restlessness and even coma. For patients with heatstroke, they should immediately move to a cool and ventilated place to rest, supplemented by salty drinks or injection of glucose saline. The first measure for severe patients is to cool down: scrub the whole body with ice water, well water or alcohol; Place ice packs at the head, armpit, groin and other large blood vessels; Or soak the whole body (except the head) in a water bath at 4℃, try to lower the body temperature and send it to the hospital for emergency treatment. Etiology and pathogenesis Summer heat is in season and the climate is hot. If people work in the scorching sun or high temperature for a long time, fatigue will hurt their qi, and the evil of summer heat will take the opportunity to attack and get sick. According to clinical manifestations, it can be divided into two types: mild and severe. Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment (1) The main symptoms of mild symptoms are headache, dizziness, excessive sweating, burning skin, shortness of breath, dry tongue, dry mouth and rapid pulse. Treatment: The main points are Du Meridian, Hand Jueyin and Yangming Meridian. Acupuncture uses purgation to dispel summer heat. Prescription: Dazhui, Neiguan, Quchi and Weizhong. Recipe 1: Dazhui purges the heat of the whole body; Committee, also known as blood stasis, bloodletting to clear blood and divide heat; Quchi Qingre Xue Yao; Neiguan clears away heat and releases the fire of triple energizer. (2) Severe symptoms: headache, polydipsia, wheezing, wheezing, and then sudden fainting, unconsciousness, sweating, and deep and weak pulse. Treatment: Mainly take the Du Meridian points. Acupuncture uses purgation to enlighten the senses, relieve summer heat and dispel summer heat. Prescription: Shuigou, Baihui, Xuan Shi, Qu Ze and Stomach. Fang Yi: Unconscious, wake up after taking a ditch for a hundred times; Qu Ze matched points on pericardium meridian with pricking blood to clear blood heat; Ten Xuan bloodletting enlightened Su Jue. Scraping therapy: suitable for mild heatstroke. Dip a smooth flat spoon in cooking oil or water, and scrape the back, neck, chest rib space, shoulders and arms, chest fossa and popliteal fossa until the skin is purple.