There is a temple complex in Langshan Mountain range of placer gold mine in Dengkou County, Bayannur City. From a distance, the whole building is scattered in the south of the mountain and built along the mountain. The caves carved on the mountain are integrated with the ground buildings. This is the only red Lamaism in Inner Mongolia-Agui Temple.
A Gui Temple is a typical Tibetan architecture, which was built in the third year of Jiaqing in Renzong of Qing Dynasty (1798). It was named "Agui of Hangruima" in Mongolia and "Agui of Jiading Forest in Laxirenbu" in Tibet, commonly known as Agui Temple. Agui, which means cave in Mongolian, is named after five natural caves on the surrounding cliffs. It belongs to the Red Sect Dojo of Tibetan Buddhism and respects lotus and peanuts as its ancestors. During the Qing court, Lifan imperial court named Zongcheng Temple and set up a large plaque with the name of the temple engraved in Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese. Since then, A Gui Temple has gained a great reputation, and its incense has flourished. At the peak, there were more than 400 lamas. There are 9,865,438+0 rooms in Daxiong Hall, its left and right halls and Matou Jingang Hall. There are 65,438+0 pagodas, 65,438+03 guest rooms, and more than 65,438+0,000 guest rooms for lamas. Known as the largest red temple in the northwest of China and the only place for activities of red religion in Inner Mongolia, it is listed as one of the key temples in Inner Mongolia 12.
When I came to the foot of the mountain, I looked up. The mountains behind me and on both sides soar into the sky and communicate deeply. A Gui Temple is built on the mountain, separated by water. The mountains are green and the waters are green, and the streams are jade; There are clear green waves and blue waves in front of the temple; Surrounded by lush mountain flowers, intoxicating fragrance, shady trees, birds and flowers, it is a good place for natural Feng Shui.
According to records, Lamaism was first introduced into Mongolia in the Yuan Dynasty and spread widely since the Ming Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, the Lama of the Yellow Sect, the ruling Sect in Tibet, was given various preferential treatments to support them in giving lectures and persuading Mongolian feudal nobles. During this period, the monks of the Yellow Sect printed and published a large number of Tibetan scriptures, made various instruments, sent craftsmen and allocated equipment to support temple construction. Lamaism soon spread in Mongolia. After more than 600 years of circulation, especially with the support of the ruling class in the Qing Dynasty, Lamaism gradually became the religion of the whole Mongolian nation. The upper lamas were granted various titles and privileges. When he was a Lama, he didn't have to pay taxes, do military service or go out to work, and his living expenses were allocated by the people's tribute and the state treasury. Under the prevailing trend of Lamaism at that time, Agui Temple in Dengkou County became the largest activity place for Bourny tribe, Wulate tribe and Alashan tribe in western Inner Mongolia. It has jurisdiction over Confucius Temple, Ertuo Temple, Gouxing Temple, Manitu Temple and Surige Temple.
Agui Temple belongs to the Nyima Sect of Tibetan Buddhism and was founded by Lotus Peanut, an ancient Indian monk who spread Buddhism in Tibet in the eighth century. Because the Lama of this Sect wears a red hat and red clothes, it is also called red religion. The characteristic of Confucianism is to offer sacrifices to the gods with wine, meat and onions, which are indispensable; Those who have not accepted proverbs and commandments cannot recite curses to worship God; Abide by highly organized mantras, rituals and folk beliefs, and eat meat, drink wine and get married when the spell is raised to a certain extent. These unique features of Confucianism have become one of the reasons why Agui Temple is famous all over the world.
Master Lotus Peanut was an Indian in the eighth century, born in Ujanna (present-day Pakistan), and a master of Indian tantric Buddhism. At the request of Tubo Chisong Dêzain Zamba (742 ~ 797), he entered Tibet to spread the secret law. According to the Mongolian Buddhist scripture "Banmakatang", Lotus Peanut used tantric magic to "subdue ghosts" on the way to Tibet, and many ghosts were subdued by his secret spell. His Tantric Mantra has an important influence on the formation of Maning Buddhism in Tibet. Therefore, Ma Ning, a Tibetan Buddhism, later honored him as the "founder". Therefore, Master Lotus Peanut became the main god of A Gui Temple (Zongcheng Temple).
Climbing up the stone steps in the mountains, you can clearly see the whole picture of A Gui Temple. The Lama in the temple told us that when bloom was warm in spring, the whole temple was surrounded by green hills, and a ditch ran through the north and south. Qingxi flowed down the ditch like white silk, and the mountains were carved and the colors were indescribable. The mountains are covered with green hills and the streams are clear with jade; Blue waves rippling in front of the temple, blue waves rippling; Surrounded by trees and flowers, the fragrance is intoxicating, and with the singing of birds, it looks like a fairyland on earth.
The Hall of the Great Heroes was rebuilt in 1984, with a height of10m, a length of 24m and a width of 20m. The Hall of the Great Hero, built on the mountain, is resplendent and magnificent, with wooden archways, carved dragons, carved beams and painted buildings, and sparkling Buddha's light. The entrance of Nanda Temple is inlaid with a plaque of Zongcheng Temple. There is a statue of Sakyamuni in the temple, and there is a statue of the Red Sect in the temple. If you come here on the 10th day of the seventh lunar month, you will catch up with the A Gui Temple Fair. Drums and music are ringing, incense is lingering, and people are worshipping Buddha, and tourists are coming in an endless stream.
Strange caves are another feature of A Gui Temple. On the cliffs around A Gui Temple, there are five natural caves, namely, A Gui Cave, Le Sheng King Kong Cave, Princess Cave, water curtain cave Cave and Dharma Cave, which form a strange and secluded scene with three highs and four dangers. Stalagmites stand in the cave, magic lamps shine and colorful sculptures are lifelike. Sandy plants such as Caragana korshinskii, overlord and Haloxylon ammodendron grow in the alluvial fan in front of the mountain, which is listed as a natural forest protection area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The famous Yinshan Rock Painting Group, Qin Changcheng, Han Tomb, Jilusai, Hongyang Cave, Xianchi and other places of interest are constantly distributed along the foot of the mountain.
The sacrificial halls and temples of A Gui Temple are famous for their magic. There are five strange natural caves on the cliff around the main hall. The colored sculptures in the cave are vague, different in shape and lifelike. It is a precious material for studying Lamaism and Red Religion in Inner Mongolia. Climb eastward from the Hall of the Great Heroes 108 stone steps, and walk more than 300 meters to the "Lotus Peanut Cave" (that is, A Gui Cave). About 200 square meters in the cave is the statue of the lotus flower and peanut, where the Lama sets up an altar, worships, recites scriptures and empresses, and the incense is also the most prosperous. There is a hanging stone under the hole, and there is a person's red footprint on the hanging stone. According to legend, it is the footprint of Lotus Peanut's seclusion, cultivation and demon reduction here. The texture of the footprints and the convex shape squeezed by five toes are lifelike, and the hard rock seems to be soft mud that anyone can step on. There is a steep cliff under the hanging stone. "The skillful craftsman can't come, and the uncanny workmanship can't do it." It's puzzling.
On the west side of the small ravine is Yang Shengtang of Mu Ren, the Matou Jingang Hall. Matou Jingang God is the embodiment of Mercy and Mercy Guanyin, the most admired by Ma Ning sects, and the most incense.
On its right is the "Shangle Jingang Cave", and the ceremony is used to be held at night. There is a "fairy cave" on the hillside in the southwest. It is said that two wives of Songzan Gambu in Tibet once lived here, one is a princess from Nepal, and the other is Princess Wencheng during the reign of Emperor Taizong. There is also a 2 1 fairy statue in the cave.
Xishan is a "protector's cave". The main god "Jia Lou Luo" is the six gods to protect Buddhism (golden winged bird); Three bugari cloth kiln, the Lord God is the protector, the God of Garland. There is a rugged and winding mountain road at the waist of Dongshan Mountain 500 meters from Xiagou of A Gui Temple, and there is a cave between steep walls about 400 meters up the stairs, which is Hongyang Cave. The cave is arched, and if you go in, you have to go down the steps. It is said that there is a deep hole under the steps, covered with a big slate, which is the passage into Tibet. Whether it is true or not has never been verified. Perhaps the ancients exaggerated the depth of the cave! Hongyang Cave is surrounded by Darigai Cave, Jiarigesi Cave, Double boogers Cave and Laoshenqin Cave. It is said that stories such as "Li Lingbei", "Yang Jiye wakes", "Meng Liang steals bones" and "Jiao Zan burns mountains" all happened here. On the wall of Hongyang Cave, there are two shrines 1 m square, surrounded by wood. Each shrine has a statue, one from Jiao Zan and the other from Meng Liang. According to legend, because Meng Liang stole Yang Jiye's bones, people erected statues to worship him. The red soil in the cave is commonly known as jade light soil, which is used by believers to treat diseases. It is also one of the commonly used medicinal materials of Mongolian medicine. Later, after testing by relevant departments, the soil contains pharmaceutical ingredients, which can treat skin diseases and stomach diseases. Hongyang Cave attracts crowds of Chinese and foreign tourists with its famous reputation. In Geer 'aobaogou, which is separated from Agui Temple by a mountain, there is a spring water, crystal clear, sweet and refreshing. Around the mountain spring, the water plants are lush, and even in cold weather, it is green here. According to legend, Master Lotus Peanut gave spring water to the people. There are two humanoid boulders in front of the mountain, which the locals call lovers' stones.
One legend is that ...
At that time, Master Lotus Peanut was about to leave A Gui Temple, and the believers asked him to leave a magic prescription that could cure all diseases. Therefore, Master Lotus Peanut presented the jade-like soil in Hongyang Cave and the spring water in Geer 'aobaogou to everyone, and sent a golden couple to guard the spring to ensure that these jade-like soil and spring water in the ditch were only used for treating diseases and saving lives. As a result, the ordinary life of the golden couple is too heavy, which violates God's rules. He has quietly started to fall in love. When Master Lotus Peanut knew this, he was furious and turned the golden couple into lovers' stones.
The spring water gushes out and never dries up. Legend has it that golden couple guards the spring water in front of the Lotus Peanut Tower. Because he didn't abide by religious rules, he was turned into a couple stone by Master Lotus Peanut. The locals call this mountain Fuqi Mountain. According to scientific tests, the spring water of A Gui Temple is a kind of high-quality mineral water.
Because of this beautiful legend, the springs here are famous all over the world. This spring water flows by itself all the year round, with a daily flow of 1 10 ton, and contains eleven trace elements such as carbon, hydrogen, potassium, strontium and iron, which are essential for human body. Drinking this water for a long time has the effects of strengthening the body, preserving health and longevity, and preventing and treating diseases. It is called Shenquan by local herders. The Agui Temple in history has attracted countless tourists, religious figures and archaeologists with its magnificent architecture, prosperous Buddhist activities and fascinating myths and legends. ? A Gui Temple is the oldest temple group in Inner Mongolia, which embodies the wisdom of ancient working people and their reverence for gods, and is of great significance to the study of religious activities in Inner Mongolia.
Did early humans also see this treasure trove of geomantic omen, leaving one of the earliest and largest rock paintings in the world on the mountains around the temple area? These 65438+100000 rock paintings are rich in composition, with a maximum area of 400 square meters. On the right side of Harinagou and the east side of A Gui Temple, there is a stone city of Han Dynasty called Gill Sai. Its 5-meter-high wall really has 10 thousand momentum that can't force it, and one person guards it. It is said that Wang Zhaojun stayed here when he left the fortress. Along the left and right sides of the mountain pass, the bonfires, stone piers and stone platforms left by the Qin and Han Dynasties stretch for miles, which is an important channel to communicate the front and back of the mountain. It was called the Northern Silk Road in history. Standing in front of these monuments, it seems that you can hear camel bells coming from a distance, drifting away from the Buddhist sound of A Gui Temple. When people worship Buddha devoutly, can you see the towering white pagoda in front of the temple and the white pagoda with the square seat of King Kong? Is it a human spiritual landmark? (Yan Jubin)
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