Strange rocks in the desert of the museum
The first ray of sunshine in the morning lit up a spacious quadrangle in Gujiang Village, Liucun Town, Changping District, Beijing. There is a man in the yard. He always gets up at dawn and starts his rich and happy life. This is the largest private stone museum in Beijing-Beijing Desert Stone Museum. This man is Wei, the founder of Kistler Museum and the collector of desert Kistler.
The first thing Lao Wei did after getting up was to admire the stone. The Kistler Museum was founded in 2003, and there are more than a dozen exhibition halls here to display his strange desert stones that lasted for several years, cost 3 million yuan and weighed hundreds of tons. Precious agate, crystal clear, mysterious chalcedony, bright desert roses ... countless treasures of strange stones are breathtaking, which is also a magnificent testimony of Lao Wei's lifelong pursuit. For them, Wei is full of piety. He believes that the strange stones in the desert are the spirits of nature and cannot be monopolized by individuals, so that their dazzling brilliance can bloom in the world. So, he paid several years of hard work and life savings to establish this desert stone museum.
Wiping and appreciating strange stones is Lao Wei's first lesson every day. While watching, he suddenly had a new artistic feeling and inspiration. Ouyang Zhongshi, a famous calligrapher, once wrote a poem for the strange rocks in the desert: "The sun and the moon are different, and the years are unknown. It is true that sculptors are naturally free. " The leisure of this stone in front of us has given Lao Wei important enlightenment in life.
After breakfast, Lao Wei immediately went into his stone workshop. Most of the untreated stones are "mud balls", and they have to be rammed, cut, chipped, chiseled, washed, brushed and washed to show their beautiful true colors. Next, we will make a base for it. Some people say that three-part stone, seven-part support, and a support that matches the type of stone can greatly increase the color of stone. The process of making the base is a process of approaching perfection. First, choose the root that matches the stone. To "match" the two successfully, a stone weighing more than 100 kg often has to be lifted up and down on the root of the tree for forty or fifty times, which is definitely a chore. Coupled with chainsaws, planers, trimming machines and engraving machines, it can be shaped after repeated and meticulous processing. Then it was revised and perfected repeatedly until the strange stone was embedded in the base and placed on the table, showing the artistic effect of stone and wood. At this time, a sense of pleasure will quickly attack the happy old Wei's heart, and he will even tremble with excitement, fearing that the stone will fly away at once. In Lao Wei's own words, "No amount of money can buy that kind of refreshing thing."
There are hundreds of tons of strange stones in Wei's collection, and he can't tell exactly how many, but he can sensitively detect a slight change in a stone in his yard. There is an invisible connection between him and the desert stone. Lao Wei's blood sugar was very high before, and he didn't get better without taking medicine. He fainted too. After doing this every day, blood sugar has quietly dropped. Now the old Wei is full of energy and is very moist, and the role of "artistic labor for health" cannot be underestimated. Recently, Wei wrote and published a book "Strange Rocks in the Desert", which did a great thing for the spread of stone culture in China. Buxiong
Songtangzhai Folk Sculpture in the Museum
Songtangzhai Folk Sculpture Museum is located in Liulichang East Street, Xuanwu District, Beijing, and its architecture is unique in Liulichang Street. Carved wooden doors, lattice wooden windows, building cornerstones, carved beams and painted buildings, cornices and other components are all treasures in the collection, and even the stone steps in front of the door are collected from an abandoned temple. The small stone monkeys in the Han Dynasty were embedded in the outer walls, and Liang Shi, which was engraved with characters in the Qing Dynasty, was still magnificent. The "Xiangguang Sifang" fence, which used to be beautiful on Dashilan Street outside Qianmen, is surrounded by the museum gate. The stone statues and the carved piers of the Eight Immortals in the fence are all ancient. The doors and windows in the museum are authentic ancient buildings, and the ancient window lattice is either embedded in the wall or hung on the roof to show the effect of the collection in a three-dimensional way.
Inside the museum, from Qin brick and Han tile to stone, wood and brick carvings in Ming and Qing dynasties; From the decorative components of folk buildings to all kinds of ancient furniture, more than 1000 pieces (sets) have enriched the museum. The foyer on the first floor is separated by six carved wooden screens in Qing Dynasty. There are three gatehouses in the hall: the brick gatehouse in Shanxi, the woodcarving gatehouse in Beijing and the Shimen gatehouse in Jiangxi, which have a long history and momentum. The stalls on the second floor are mostly carved components from different periods and regions: the brick carving of "mourning" in the Song Dynasty, the stone carving of "sealing the Hou immediately" in the Yuan Dynasty, and the pier of "warriors drinking beasts" in the Yuan Dynasty, all of which are well-preserved treasures of the town hall.
Classic review of the museum
The original site of Guanfu Classical Art Museum is located in Liulichang West Street, a famous ancient cultural street. It is the first private museum in Beijing. It was officially completed and opened on 1997 65438+ 10/8. In 2004, the museum moved to Dashanzi, Chaoyang District, a new cultural industrial zone in Beijing. The new building covers an area of 4,000 square meters, including an exhibition area and a member activity area of 2,800 square meters. There are six exhibition halls: oil painting hall, ancient furniture hall, ancient ceramics hall, ancient doors and windows hall, Gu Shuhua hall and ancient craft hall. The museum mainly collects about 50 pieces of late Ming dynasty porcelain. In addition, the museum also displays antique furniture, carpets, clothing and other exhibits from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is a place integrating art appreciation and historical research.
Modern painting in the museum
Yang He Janice Museum of Modern Painting is located in Jinzhan Township, Chaoyang District, next to Tulip Park. Walking into the gate, I saw a two-story building. On the first floor of the exhibition hall are the traditional Chinese paintings of Yang He and Janice, among which the vertical figure painting of Janice is the most prominent, and most of them are ethnic minority women. The exhibition hall on the second floor, the first part is the old Beijing legend series created by Mr. Yang He around 1993, and then the new ink painting works by Professor Janice. Although it was written more than ten years ago, the picture shows the expression of modern western art and is full of China's ancient history and profound culture, which is refreshing.
The appearance of this museum is simple and elegant, unpretentious, more like an art room and the home of ordinary people, but the structural design is very strange. The division and connection of exhibition area, creative area and living area are very clever and reasonable, and new visitors will think it is like a maze. Yang He said, "It was designed by our family. Because we insisted on not giving in to each other's opinions, we had to listen to our friends' opinions and compromise to produce the current building structure. "
The mahogany art in the museum
China rosewood museum is located near Gaobeidian, Chaoyang District. As far as it is concerned, it is a perfect and spectacular handicraft. This 25,000-square-meter museum is magnificent, beautifully designed, antique and modern.
The exhibition hall of China rosewood museum covers an area of 9,569 square meters, including the central hall, exhibition hall, conference hall, VIP room, multi-function hall and temporary exhibition hall. Here, you can enjoy the Ming and Qing furniture and traditional rosewood furniture products, as well as Buddhist cultural works of art, traditional furniture materials and carving techniques. In addition, you can also enjoy the miniature landscape of China's ancient buildings here: the turret of the Forbidden City, the Qianqiu Pavilion in the Imperial Garden of the Forbidden City, and the Wanchun Pavilion, all of which show the royal style; The arch of Longquan Temple in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province, has 320 dragons with different postures, and exquisite round carvings, reliefs and general carvings are rare in the world. The antique Beijing quadrangles and the towering Feiyun buildings in Shaanxi are both artistic treasures that convey the charm of the East. They are both made of precious mahogany.
Since its opening, the Redwood Museum has received tourists from all over the world and politicians from various countries, and has become an important place for Beijing's opening to the outside world and cultural exchanges.
Museum zhitianming bonsai
Tian Ming Bonsai Stone Appreciation Museum is located in Xixiang Hutong, Guwen Street, Huguo Temple, Xicheng District (opposite to People's Theatre). There are more than 300 strange stones in the bonsai, including Podocarpus, Pinus thunbergii, Fraxinus mandshurica and Ficus microcarpa. Strange stones include desert stones, painted pottery stones, large fossils, Lingbi stones and the most distinctive "rose stone" in Beijing. In the recent Yinchuan Kistler Festival competition, the "Bird of Paradise" desert stone collected by the museum won the gold medal.
Ancient pottery civilization in museums
The Museum of Ancient Pottery Civilization is located at No.2/KLOC-0, Nancaiyuan West Street, Xuanwu District. The exhibition hall covers an area of 400 square meters. The regular exhibition includes nearly 600 exhibits in four theme series: painted pottery caves, ceramic tile grand view, the unique sound of sealing mud and the sequence of ancient pottery. It strives to combine universal education, art appreciation and professional research to show the world the lasting and unique charm of ancient pottery civilization. Among them, the "Painted Pottery Cave" series exhibited nearly 100 pieces of painted pottery unearthed in Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia in the late Neolithic period (about 5,000-3,000 years ago), mainly including Majiayao culture, Qijia culture, Tang Wang culture and Xindian culture, many of which are still well preserved. "Tile Grand View" series is the first special exhibition of tiles divided by age, region and function. From the Warring States to the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were 40 tiles/kloc-0 with different regions, different functions and different categories, among which there were many rare and isolated products. This is the most complete ceramic tile collection system in existence. The series "The Sound of Mud Sealing" shows 175 pieces of mud sealing in Qin and Han Dynasties, which is the most important special exhibition of mud sealing so far. In particular, the clay seal of Qin Dynasty is called "another great discovery in the history of Qin culture", which covers all kinds of officials of Qin Shihuang's political system, reveals the anonymous names of dozens of Qin counties and palaces, and reveals many little-known political, economic, cultural and military contents related to Qin Shihuang and his Qin civilization, so it is called "the remains of Qin Shihuang's reading" by experts in archaeology and Qin and Han historiography. "Where Can I Make Up" and "Preface to Ancient Pottery" exhibit 130 pieces of different types and categories of pottery cultural relics from Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties since 2000, from which we can see the evolution and development of ancient pottery civilization, which fully reflects the creation, use and aesthetics of pottery by China ancestors.
On June 5438+05, 2004, on the seventh anniversary of the opening of the Museum of Ancient Ceramic Civilization, the exhibition hall was renovated and a new exhibition was set up. In addition to all the exhibitions in the series of Painted Pottery Cave and most of the updates of Tile Grand View and Ancient Pottery Preface, the most important thing is to launch a number of special exhibitions focusing on sculptures of people, gods and animals in Hongshan Culture, among which "The Head of the Giant God" is a heavy weapon of Hongshan Culture and can be called the treasure of the Museum of Ancient Pottery Civilization.
It is an international trend that "private blog" occupies a dominant position.
The new Capital Museum, which was completed last year, has become a unique landscape on Chang 'an Avenue. The largest film museum in Asia has opened its doors to welcome guests ... In recent years, the renovation of new museums has become a hot spot. By the end of last year, there were 13 1 registered museums in this city, ranking first in the number of museums in China. "In the current international society, private museums will become the mainstream of development." According to the prediction of museum industry, 2 1 century will be the century of museums. In China, folk collections also stand out from the "underground", and private museums have gradually become the development trend of China museums.
The definition of museum given by the International Museum Association clearly stipulates the attributes of museums: first, museums are not for profit; The second museum belongs to a permanent public institution; Third, the main function of the museum is to collect, protect, study, disseminate and display the physical evidence of human beings and their environment. As the name implies, private museums are museums built by individual citizens.
According to reports, private investment in building museums is mainly due to the following circumstances: for public welfare reasons, I want to share my collection for many years with more people; Because of economic reasons, I want to realize a virtuous circle of collection and collection; Enterprises run libraries in the hope of establishing an image.
At present, China's museums still belong to public welfare institutions, and most museums still rely on financial allocations to maintain them. It is understood that foreign countries support private museums by adopting tax exemption or preferential tax policies, and all donations or investments are classified as taxes.
Lack of audience is the fatal problem of private museums. Recently, citizens of Beijing Cultural Relics Bureau kept asking for the address and contact information of private museums in their messages. Ordinary tourists who want to find a private museum they are interested in need to turn it over and over many times to get their wish. No wonder some experts have suggested that since private museums are regarded as part of the cultural industry, private museum owners should have a sense of crisis of "the smell of wine is also afraid of the depth of the alley", introduce modern management mode, and strive to toast their museums.
In addition, as the Internet has become more and more popular in recent years, some experts have made moves for private museums: it is not difficult to set up museums online without spending huge sums of money to hold exhibitions.
In fact, as far as the collection itself is concerned, there have been two ways of "treasure hunting" and "hiding treasure for the people" since ancient times. The collections of public museums are mostly national treasures such as archaeology and donations, while folk museums display more cultural relics and folk art scattered among the people. In this sense, every private museum should be respected and no favoritism is allowed.
"It is obviously impossible to get all the folk cultural relics back just by relying on limited public museums." The insiders believe that only by making the advantages of public museums and private museums complement each other is the road to sound development.