1. Eye method: Most people in the city can't see the horizon most of the time, and work, study and even games are "close-up". Even pilots have changed their eyes from "focusing on distance" to "focusing on proximity" because of the appearance of radar.
2. Lifestyle: People no longer work at sunrise, but rest at sunset. Artificial light sources have replaced natural light sources.
3. Comprehensive factors: nervous tension, nutritional structure, environmental pollution and other comprehensive factors all affect the development and health of eyes.
Q: So how should we protect our eyes now? A: According to the situation that people of all ages are prone to eye diseases, we should carry out targeted protection and prevention.
Fetal period
Lesions: congenital cataract. Physiology: The first three months of pregnancy is the key period for the development of fetal eyes.
Etiology: 1. Genetic factors: with the improvement of medical conditions, people with genetic diseases can not only survive, but also get married and have children, thus increasing the probability of genetic diseases, and the number of infants with congenital cataracts is relatively increasing;
2, environmental pollution: pregnant women or drugs, or diet, or other reasons, let harmful substances into the body, in the process of cell division, interfere with a certain link of DNA, leading to fetal congenital cataract.
Prevention and treatment: during pregnancy, especially in the embryonic eye formation stage, that is, the first three months of pregnancy, mothers should be alert to colds, fever, rubella and urticaria. Once you get sick, you should take medicine under the guidance of a doctor to avoid harm to the fetus; In addition, pregnant women should supplement adequate vitamins; After the baby is born, you should have the awareness of checking eye diseases. The earlier the congenital cataract is found, the better the treatment.
initial stage
Lesions: strabismus and amblyopia
Physiology: People's visual function develops gradually. If the baby is born with abnormal development of extraocular muscles, such as poor separation of ocular muscles, or nerve paralysis dominating muscles, or family genetic factors, and can't look at an object at the same time, the brain center will produce two different images at the same time, which interfere with each other and can't see clearly. In order to overcome the interference, the brain will force squints to see things, so that the development of visual function stops at a primary stage, forming amblyopia.
Etiology: In addition to genetic factors, some people say that it may be related to changes in nutritional status, blind supplementation by pregnant women, and abnormal development of extraocular muscles caused by unbalanced fetal development.
Prevention and treatment: The earlier it is found, the better the treatment.
0- 12 years old
Lesions: hyperopic amblyopia
Physiology: Babies have no monocular function at birth, their eyesight is less than that of adults 1%, and they have no image fusion function. His visual function develops gradually with his age, and he has to constantly accept the repeated stimulation of clear external objects to promote his development. If hyperopia occurs during this period, amblyopia will be formed without a clear image of the retina.
Etiology: Children have small eyeballs and short axial length, and most of them are hyperopia. Moreover, because children's corneas and lenses are elastic and ciliary muscles are contractive, children need more mediation if they want to see things clearly. If they turn inward or outward too much, they will have esotropia or exotropia.
Prevention and treatment: children of this age are in the stage of establishing contact between images on retina and brain. If beyond this stage, they can no longer establish contact. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the phenomenon of children's unclear vision as soon as possible, and correct it with glasses as soon as possible, so that vision becomes clear and amblyopia can be prevented.
10- 16 years old
Lesions: myopia
Physiology: Children of this age are in the stage of "hyperopia" to "head-up". During this period, the axial length will be very long, and it will grow to 23 mm when 16 years old.
Etiology: This period is the most intense period for children to learn. Eyes are too close. After the axial length reaches 23 mm, it will continue to grow. More than 23 mm, the eyes will be nearsighted. Every extension 1 mm will increase the refractive power by 300 degrees.
Prevention and treatment: Try not to "look too close" during the eyeball development stage!
Prevent myopia and eat less acidic and sweet foods, otherwise it will affect the absorption of calcium ions in food; In addition, you can eat more foods that strengthen the spleen and nourish the stomach, such as longan, yam, carrot, sweet potato, taro, spinach, millet and corn. People with yin deficiency of liver and kidney should eat more foods that tonify liver and kidney, produce essence and nourish blood. Such as animal liver, chicken, eggs, beef, fish, mulberry, black beans, red dates, walnuts, longan and so on. Myopia patients should also be supplemented with protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamins. In addition, there are elements such as zinc and chromium. The content of zinc in soybean, almond, laver, kelp, mutton, yellow croaker, milk powder, tea and other foods is high; Beef, grain, meat, liver and other items are rich in chromium.
Youth and middle age
Pathological changes: symptomatic dry eye.
Physiology: Tears can moisten the eyes. If the tears are secreted too little or evaporated too much, the corneal surface and conjunctival surface will not be fully wetted. You can't see clearly when you see things, and your eyes will be sour. Blinking is a kind of protective nerve reflex, which makes tears evenly distributed on the surface of cornea and conjunctiva and keep them moist. Normal people blink about 10-20 times per minute.
Etiology: With the popularization of computers, many people who have been working in front of computers for a long time, because their eyes are staring at the computer screen for a long time, the number of blinks is reduced, so that the cornea is not fully moist, resulting in dry eye symptoms. According to a survey, 90% of people who work in front of the computer for more than 3 hours every day have eye problems, with symptoms such as dry eyes, blurred vision, headache, irritability, fatigue and difficulty in concentration. This computer vision syndrome is a typical dry eye syndrome.
Prevention: It is suggested that the brightness displayed on the computer screen should be about 3 times of the surrounding light; 2. The top of the screen is slightly lower than the line of sight 10- 15 degrees, and the distance between the eyes and the computer screen should be kept above 60 cm; 3. Every time you work 1 hour in front of the computer, you should rest 10 minutes, close your eyes, massage with your hands to relax your muscles around your eyes, or look at the distant scenery. 4. You can also use some artificial tears to moisten your eyes, or deliberately increase the number of blinks; 5. Eat more foods rich in vitamin A, such as carrots and animal livers.
When people begin to feel dry and sour eyes, they are only in the stage of functional impairment. Don't worry too much. The human body has a certain self-repair function, as long as it does not cause fundamental damage to the eyes, dry eye can be cured. However, if you don't pay attention to protect your eyes at this time and keep them dry for a long time, it will lead to corneal epithelial cells falling off, causing organic damage and seriously affecting your vision.
Middle-aged male
Lesions: Central serous chorioretinopathy (hereinafter referred to as serous chorioretinopathy)
Physiology: Mesothelial pulp is a common ocular fundus disease in middle-aged people, in which males are far more than females, and it is easy to recur. In the process of image formation, retina plays the role of photographic negative, and macular area is the most sensitive area on retina. When the barrier function of pigment epithelium in macular area is damaged, it will lead to the detachment of optic disc in retina, which is called mesenchyme. At this time, patients often have different degrees of vision loss, blurred vision, deformation, discoloration or shadows in front of their eyes.
Etiology: The specific etiology of this disease is unknown, but some data show that mental stress, mood fluctuation, smoking and drinking are related to this disease.
Prevention and treatment: mental stress release; Although mesotheliosis is a self-trapping disease, it can be cured naturally within 3-6 months without any treatment. However, if it recurs many times, the elderly may have mild or moderate vision loss, and even visual distortion cannot be eliminated. Therefore, once mesotheliosis occurs, it is necessary to go to the hospital for treatment.
Middle-aged women
Lesions: glaucoma (which can lead to blindness)
Physiology: Yellow women are most likely to induce glaucoma under stress. Glaucoma is an eye disease in which the pressure in the eyeball exceeds the tolerance of the internal tissues of the eyeball, especially the optic nerve, causing optic nerve atrophy and visual field defect. If the patient has symptoms such as eyeball swelling pain, brow bone pain, headache, fog vision, rainbow vision (rainbow halo around the lamp), pay attention to whether there is glaucoma.
Etiology: Fast pace of life, great work pressure, making people nervous. This mental factor is the main cause of glaucoma.
Prevention and control; Relieving mental stress is extremely important.
What if you have glaucoma? Because the loss of visual function caused by glaucoma is often irreversible, early diagnosis and treatment are very important. Acute patients are easy to find, and chronic patients are often easily overlooked because of their strong concealment and atypical symptoms. When they go to the hospital for treatment, the loss of vision or vision is irreversible. Therefore, regular eye examination is helpful for the early detection and treatment of this disease.
Elderly people (1)
Pathological changes: age-related macular degeneration (which can lead to blindness)
Physiology: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an aging change of macular structure. This disease mostly occurs over 45 years old, and the prevalence rate increases with age. It is an important disease that causes blindness in the elderly at present.
Etiology: The human eye evolved under natural light. Long-term artificial light exposure, especially blue light and strong light, is easy to cause light damage to eyes. In addition, the etiology may also be related to heredity, congenital defects, malnutrition, poisoning, drug action, immune abnormalities and systemic diseases such as cardiovascular system and respiratory system.
Prevention and treatment: return to nature more, refuse strong light and blue light irradiation, and avoid "chronic light damage"; Other reasons, targeted treatment.
Old people (2)
Lesions: senile cataract
Physiology: With the increase of age, the intraocular lens will gradually age, the protein metabolism of the lens will be disordered, and the cell metabolism will be reduced; In addition, the lack of vitamin C, the change of crystal PH value and the infiltration of some toxic substances into the crystal will all cause the denaturation of crystal protein and produce turbidity.
Etiology: Senile cataract is a frequently-occurring disease with complicated causes, mainly due to malnutrition, metabolic disorder, endocrine changes, and too frequent exposure to infrared rays and ultraviolet rays.
Prevention and treatment: in view of the above factors, increase nutrition appropriately, eat more fruits and vegetables, keep a happy mood, and avoid too strong light, ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, such as wearing sun hats and sunglasses when going out in summer; When using far infrared heater in winter, don't look directly at the heater. If endocrine diseases are found, they should be diagnosed and treated in time.
In addition, regular health examination and careful maintenance after early lens replacement can slow down the development of cataract and have little effect on vision. Even if the lens opacity is obvious and the vision is obviously reduced, there is no need to be nervous. You can choose surgery.
Complications of modern diseases
* Hypertension: high intraocular pressure can lead to fundus hemorrhage and fundus arteriosclerosis; Prevention and treatment: control blood pressure.
* Diabetes: Diabetic patients will have hyperglycemia, and their eyeballs will be "soaked" in sugar water for a long time, which will be dehydrated and blind like sweet apricots preserved in sugar water.
Prevention and treatment: control blood sugar.
hygiene
* Health care: keep the balance of Yin and Yang, keep the body in the best state, and the local metabolism of the eyes will be in the best state, which can delay diseases such as aging;
* nutrition: in the past, when people lived in poverty, most of them were malnourished, so they paid attention to vitamin A and vitamin C supplementation; Now the nutritional status is good, the eyes are well maintained, and a balanced diet can be achieved without deliberate tonic.