Components of ecosystem: abiotic substances and energy, producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers are the main components. Different ecosystems are: forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, marine ecosystem, fresh water ecosystem (divided into lake ecosystem, pond ecosystem, river ecosystem, etc. ), farmland ecosystem, frozen primitive ecosystem, wetland ecosystem and urban ecosystem.

Producer (producer)

Producers are mainly green plants in biological classification, including chemosynthetic bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria, which are autotrophs. Plants and photosynthetic bacteria use solar energy to synthesize organic matter, while chemosynthetic bacteria use the energy released by redox reaction of some substances to synthesize organic matter. For example, nitrifying bacteria use chemical energy to synthesize organic matter by oxidizing ammonia into nitrate.

Producers play an important role in biological communities. They absorb energy in inorganic environment. Assimilation amount inputs the total energy of the ecosystem and maintains the stability of the whole ecosystem. Among them, all kinds of green plants can also provide habitats and breeding grounds for all kinds of creatures. Producer is the main component of ecosystem.

Producer is the bridge between inorganic environment and biological community.

resolver

The decomposer is also called the "restorer". They are a kind of heterotrophs, mainly composed of various bacteria (parasitic bacteria belong to consumers, saprophytic bacteria belong to decomposers) and fungi, as well as saprophytic animals such as dung beetles and earthworms.

Decomposers can decompose all kinds of inanimate complex organic matter (corpses, feces, etc.). ) in the ecosystem into water, carbon dioxide, ammonium salt and other substances that producers can reuse, and complete the cycle of substances, so that decomposers, producers and inorganic environment can form a simple ecosystem. Decomposer is an important part of ecosystem.

Decomposition is a bridge between biological community and inorganic environment.

Consumers (consumers)

Consumers refer to heterotrophs, which feeds on animals and plants. Consumers have a wide range, including almost all animals and some microorganisms (mainly eubacteria). They transmit energy in the ecosystem through predation and parasitism. Among them, consumers who feed on producers are called first-class consumers, and those who feed on first-class consumers are called second-class consumers, followed by third-class consumers and third-class consumers. The same consumer may play multiple roles in a complex ecosystem, especially omnivores. They may feed on plants (as primary consumers) and various herbivores (as secondary consumers), and the consumption level of some organisms will change with the seasons.

An ecosystem only needs producers and decomposers to maintain its operation, and a large number of consumers play a role in accelerating energy flow and material circulation in the ecosystem, which can be regarded as a "catalyst".