On May 3 1, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee reviewed the Decision on Optimizing the Birth Policy to Promote the Long-term Balanced Development of the Population, and put forward policies and supporting measures to further optimize the birth policy and implement the policy that a couple can have three children.
On July 20th, the full text of the State Council Central Committee's Decision on Optimizing Birth Policy to Promote Long-term Balanced Population Development was released. Relevant policies have been introduced one after another. How should women and families solve the problem of "three children"
A family with three children enjoys the happiness of multiplying by three.
Karen, from Guangzhou, was born in the 1980s with only one good child. The mother of three children did not appear in her life plan, but unexpectedly ushered in three children. Now the boss is 6 years old, the second is 5 years old and the third is 3 years old. So in a chicken feather, she began to get used to the role of Sambo mother and enjoyed the triple happiness brought by three children more and more.
Karen family wealth planner and TCM health consultant. The picture shows Karen and her three babies.
The mobilization of the whole family, the warmth of the big family.
In the Sambo family, the biggest challenge is "who will take care of the baby". Karen dared to give birth to a baby so willfully, largely because of the infinite support of four old people and big brothers and sisters. From confinement, housework, eating and drinking, and kindergarten transportation, as long as Karen needs help, her family will always do their best to help her, so that she can feel at ease whether she goes out or at home.
Chaoshan people value tradition and affection, and her husband and brother are brothers. No matter how the times change, the happiness of a big family has always been there. They also hope to pass on this precious family style to the next generation, so they deliberately create many opportunities for their children to get along. Sister-in-law also has two children of the same age, so they launched a joint model of eight children in the whole family. In kindergarten, let several children live together in different combinations to cultivate their feelings.
Especially during the epidemic, because there were few people in their hometown and new home, five children lived under one roof, laughing and crying, one after another. Parents also learned how to deal with it fairly, how to distinguish rewards and punishments, and grow up in brotherhood. My brother learned more responsibility and my sister learned more humility. The natural soil of a family with many children helps children learn how to solve problems in conflicts, while the warmth, warmth and comfort of a big family soothes Karen's heart.
A tolerant heart accepts Sanwa's different personalities.
I expect my children to succeed, and I also expect my daughter to succeed. In the one-child family, parents and children are more or less burdened with this invisible pressure. Karen said that it was because of having three babies that she quietly put down the pressure of "putting all your eggs in one basket". With a more tolerant heart, accept that they live as they like and look different-the boss is cheerful and humorous, loves music and has a great feeling for numbers; The second child is introverted and cautious, optimistic and upward, and likes painting; The third child can be salty, witty, eloquent and good at singing and dancing. She has no intention of raising a hardworking chicken or three "almost perfect children". She just observes their talents and interests, and then chooses appropriate educational materials to let children focus on what they like and are good at. "Sanwa's mother must be more tolerant and know how to relax," Karen said.
Life-long learning, be an upgraded mother.
With three babies, life must be full of children. Can you still have yourself? In fact, for Sambo's mother, it is more important to think clearly, "What kind of mother do I want to be? What kind of example do you want to set for your children? " If you want to be a lifelong learning and self-improvement mother, you will convey to your children that learning is not just a matter on campus or in books, but a matter worth accompanying us for life.
The process of growing up with children is also the process of Karen's self-growth. In order to make children eat less western medicine and regulate their spleen and stomach and physique, four years ago, she began to learn Chinese medicine meridians and smokeless moxibustion and looked for various non-drug therapies, so she also established a parenting community to share her experience in Chinese medicine parenting. In order to give children a more secure life, in the past two years, she has been studying various safe financial management tools, setting up a dream fund for children, and realizing a more quality education plan with less money. In order to guide children to have a more complete life, she understood the wisdom of the sages in the "four major disciplines", listened to Professor Cai's concept of "five business education" and constantly refreshed her concepts and practices.
To be a good mother of three treasures, the most important thing is to be able to turn "what children need" into "what I want to learn" and even integrate it into "what can I do". This is an effective growth plan. Karen said, "You don't have to be Superman to be a Sambo mother. As long as you accept mothers who don't need full marks and children who don't need full marks, you will have more calmness and courage to meet this happiness multiplied by three. "
Cultivate a good family style and breed a "hotbed"
Professor, School of Ethnology and Sociology, Yang Juhua Minzu University
Marriage is the starting point of family formation, and the education of marriage and family values is not only an important part of the supporting measures of birth policy, but also a necessary measure to improve the effectiveness of the three-child policy.
Vigorously strengthen the education and guidance of marriageable youth's concept of marriage and family, control bad social customs such as bad marriage customs and sky-high bride price, nourish new customs and control old customs with good family style, which can reduce the cost of administrative intervention and promote the effectiveness of social policies.
Relieve the anxiety of fear of marriage and make people "want to get married"
Young urban white-collar workers have more and more diverse marriage concepts, and fear of marriage has become a common mentality, which leads to a later marriage age. From daily necessities to buying a house and raising a baby, marriage may reduce the quality of life, and young people are becoming more and more cautious about marriage. If the first marriage is too late, not only women may miss the best reproductive period, but they may even be infertile for life, which will directly affect the implementation of the comprehensive three-child policy.
Women's federations should unite with other relevant departments, take active actions, strengthen the education and guidance of the concept of marriage and love and family, tap the happy marriage cases of civilized families and the most beautiful families, and vigorously publicize the value of marriage with vivid examples. State organs, enterprises, institutions, universities and other social subjects should also create friendly conditions for women's marriage and childbearing as much as possible.
Create an inclusive family atmosphere and breed a "hotbed"
Strengthen the construction of family style, vigorously promote the change of customs, and strive to create a good family atmosphere. Carry forward the excellent cultural traditions of respecting, loving and filial piety for the elderly, create a new family culture of equality, tolerance and mutual understanding between generations and between husband and wife, and advocate a family atmosphere of mutual love, upward kindness, mutual support and mutual appreciation. Practice the concept of caring for children, moderately loving children and planning far-reaching, and reverse the family atmosphere of "respecting the elderly and loving the young"; Strengthen the family responsibilities of husband and wife, stimulate the positive role of father in family life, and better perform the duties of filial piety, loving relatives and helping the young and helping the weak.
Civil affairs departments should take the marriage registration office as the governance position, establish a long-term mechanism of marriage service, enhance the "sense of ceremony" of marriage registration, cultivate the concept and responsibility of respecting and fearing marriage, improve the marriage management ability of the parties and improve the quality of marriage.
At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the whole marriage service. Provide premarital counseling to lay the foundation for a happy marriage; Provide counseling services in the process of marriage to ease the daily contradictions between husband and wife; Intervening in the divorce crisis will take psychological counseling and dispute mediation for unnecessary divorce as an important part of marriage governance, provide targeted psychological counseling and intervention services, propose selective and feasible solutions, resolve conflicts and disputes in the bud, enhance the cohesion and sense of belonging of family members, and make giving birth a natural trend.
Support and support, so that children have no worries.
Huang Guixia, Associate Research Fellow of Women's Institute of All-China Women's Federation.
With the introduction of the three-child birth policy, some women have the desire to have children, but they also feel the impact on life and family relations, the most important of which is the right to employment. Employment is the main way for women to participate in social life, realize economic independence and self-worth, and gain social status and family status. However, women's main responsibilities in childbirth and housework have affected their labor rights and interests to varying degrees. They are worried that the three-child policy will aggravate the impact of childbirth on women's employment, such as the decrease of social participation, the decrease of labor income and the increase of career interruption.
How to reduce the impact of childbirth on women's employment and protect women's labor rights and interests while implementing the three-child policy? We see that the country has introduced a series of supporting measures at the same time as the three-child birth policy, including protecting women's employment rights and interests. "We must improve the maternity leave and maternity insurance system, strengthen tax and housing support policies, and protect women's legitimate rights and interests in employment." It can be seen that when adjusting the birth policy, the state has given policy support considering the role of women in birth and the possible damage to women's labor rights and interests. Specifically, we can start from the following aspects:
First, increase the participation rate of maternity insurance for working women, so that more women can enjoy maternity insurance for employees with higher treatment.
The second is to strengthen the implementation of labor protection for female employees. In addition to establishing nursing rooms and pregnant women's lounges and adjusting posts for pregnant women in need, we should also set up waiting posts and posts as much as possible.
The third is to improve maternity leave. On the one hand, statutory maternity leave for working female employees and paid paternity leave for male employees are implemented. On the other hand, set up parental leave and stipulate the time for men to take leave. Male vacation can not only strengthen male parenting responsibility and share female pressure, but also narrow the time cost difference between men and women due to vacation, which urges employers not to consider the increased cost of maternity leave for female employees too much when recruiting, and promote employment equity between men and women.
Fourth, women who interrupt their career or enter flexible employment due to childbirth are automatically included in public pension benefits. For example, giving birth to a child for three years (at least one year) is regarded as the payment period.
The fifth is to enhance the labor security of flexible employees. Flexible employment is favored by women of childbearing age because it can balance work and family well. However, the quality of flexible employment is low, working hours are long, income is unstable, labor protection is lacking, and women's maternity is not basically guaranteed. On the one hand, protect the labor rights and interests of flexible employees, such as adding a separate clause on flexible employment in the Employment Promotion Law. On the other hand, the social security of flexible employees will be strengthened and incorporated into the unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance systems to ensure the implementation of women's maternity insurance benefits.