Cyst is a benign disease, which can grow on the surface of human body or in internal organs. Cyst is a benign cystic mass growing in internal organs, and its contents are liquid in nature. Generally speaking, what are the common cysts? Renal cyst? 、? Liver cyst? 、? Simple ovarian cyst? And then what? Chocolate cyst? . Renal cyst can be divided into solitary renal cyst and polycystic kidney.
Cysts are mostly round and protruding, and the skin surface is semicircular. Generally located in dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Because the capsule wall is wrapped, the edge is smooth and tidy, and there is almost no adhesion with the surrounding tissues, so it feels smooth and elastic, and the skin on the surface of the capsule wall is mostly non-inflammatory and normal in color. General development is limited, and local expansion will not cause local oppression symptoms indefinitely.
1. intradermal neofluid-like cyst
Lesions mostly occur in women aged 40-50, mostly in the dorsal phalanx. It is about 3- 15 cm in size, translucent, smooth and soft, and it is the cavity fluid of skin color cyst with scattered stellate fibroblasts in the cavity.
Hair sheath cyst
Middle-aged women who used to be called sebaceous cyst are more common, mostly in the head, which is not easy to distinguish from epidermal cyst and is common in the face and neck. The cyst wall of this disease is composed of squamous epithelium, which is similar to the isthmus cells of hair follicles. The contents of the cavity are eosinophils.
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More common in young people, children and the elderly, with a diameter of 0.5-5 cm, normal skin color, round elasticity and slightly hard texture. The capsule wall is normal skin and the capsule cavity is filled with keratin. It can be single or multiple, and it occurs in scalp, face, neck and trunk.
Bronchial origin and thyroglossal duct cyst
Congenital dysplasia is more common in the foot before the neck or above the sternal notch. It occurs shortly after birth, and multiple single lesions are small, often accompanied by tubules. Their performance is similar, the capsule wall is composed of pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, and the cilia of epithelial cells extend into the human capsule cavity.
Penile midline cyst
Congenital dysplasia is common in young people and children. Skin lesions are located on the ventral side of penis, especially the diameter of the glans penis midline is about several millimeters. The cyst wall is pseudostratified epithelium, and some epithelial cells are transparent.
Eruptive alopecia cyst
Most common in children and young people, it is a small follicular cyst with a size of 1-2mm. There may be silly skin and umbilical fossa on the surface, which are common in the chest and can also appear in the connected limbs. The posterior capsule wall is squamous epithelium, and the capsule cavity is lamellar keratin and synthetic hair. The capsule wall is depressed to form a hair follicle-like structure.
Second, dermoid cyst located in subcutaneous tissue: mostly single cyst after birth. Skin lesions are often located around the eyes, facial midline and abdomen, and can occur anywhere on the body surface. The cyst wall with a diameter less than 2 cm is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, but it is different from epidermal cyst. Its capsule cavity contains various epidermal appendages such as hair and hair follicle cavity containing hair.
Chocolate cyst: also known as? Ovarian endometriosis? So this is the endometrium? Run? Within the ovarian tissue, periodic bleeding occurs synchronously with the uterus, and these old blood turns into chocolate-like color over time, so it is called chocolate cyst.
At present, there are three main methods to treat cysts: one is the traditional method of cyst incision, that is, cyst window drainage treatment or cyst stripping treatment. This method has the advantages of long incision, much bleeding, great trauma, high cost and easy recurrence.
Secondly, laparoscopic cystotomy. Although it's just a hole, the trauma is much smaller than surgery, but it still needs to be hospitalized, and the cost is not small. This is the last resort.
Third, this method is to use a needle instead of a knife, which is magical rather than a myth. This technology has a wide range of applications, such as the application of ultrasound interventional technology in the field of genetics, taking samples of umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid and embryonic villi from intrauterine fetus under the direct vision of B-ultrasound. As we all know, the fetal umbilical cord is very small, only 6? 8mm, can be punctured under the guidance of ultrasound, and the success rate of puncture for cysts of several centimeters or more can reach 100%. Since the advent of this technology, many patients with hereditary cyst diseases such as polycystic liver and polycystic kidney have avoided the pain of laparotomy.
? ① The most worrying thing about traditional laparotomy or fenestration cyst stripping treatment is the high recurrence rate. For example, polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease, the root of which is in the genetic position, and the problem cannot be solved by surgery. So the recurrence rate is as high as over 60%.
(2) The same characteristics as the cyst wall cells are columnar cells arranged in layers. This kind of columnar cell grows vigorously and has strong secretion function, which is difficult to eradicate by surgery. As long as a little cell is left, it will sprout like a seed and the cyst will recur.
③ Ultrasound interventional therapy is a brand-new technique, which aims to make up for the deficiency of traditional cystotomy. Experienced doctors can accurately aim at cyst targets under the guidance of B-ultrasound images. Puncture the cyst with a fine needle, suck out the liquid in the cyst, and inject sclerosing agent into the cyst wall to destroy the vigorous columnar cells and prevent the recurrence of the cyst.