Chronic gastritis refers to chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa caused by different reasons. The most common are chronic superficial gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis. Its main clinical manifestations are anorexia, epigastric discomfort and dull pain, belching, pantothenic acid, nausea and vomiting. The course of disease is slow, and it is difficult to recover after repeated attacks. Health guide: 1. Actively treat the infection focus of oropharynx, and don't swallow sputum, snot and other bacterial secretions into the stomach to cause chronic gastritis. 2. Keep cheerful: depression or excessive tension and fatigue can easily lead to dysfunction of pyloric sphincter and bile reflux, thus leading to chronic gastritis. 3. Use with caution to avoid using drugs that damage gastric mucosa, such as aspirin, salicylic acid, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, hormone, erythromycin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, reserpine, etc. Long-term abuse of such drugs will damage the gastric mucosa, thus causing chronic gastritis and ulcers. 4. Harmful components in tobacco can promote the increase of gastric acid secretion and produce harmful stimulation to gastric mucosa. Excessive smoking can cause bile reflux. Excessive drinking or long-term drinking of strong liquor can make gastric mucosa hyperemia, edema and even erosion, and the incidence of chronic gastritis increases obviously. You should give up smoking and drinking. 5. Irritating foods such as too much acid and spicy food and cold and indigestible foods should be avoided as much as possible. Chew slowly when eating, so that the food is fully mixed with saliva, which is beneficial to digestion and reduces the stimulation to the stomach. Diet should be quantitative on time, nutritious, and contain more vitamins A, B and C, and avoid stimulating drinks such as strong tea and strong coffee. 6. You can practice the internal cultivation method. Chronic gastritis is generally divided into two types: those whose inflammatory lesions are superficial and confined to the surface of gastric mucosa (no more than two thirds) are called chronic superficial gastritis; However, chronic atrophic gastritis is caused by inflammatory lesions that spread to the whole layer of gastric mucosa, accompanied by gastric gland atrophy. Chronic gastritis is a common and frequently-occurring disease. According to the gastroscopy survey, the incidence of chronic gastritis in China is as high as 60%, and atrophic gastritis accounts for about 20%. There are many reasons for chronic gastritis, such as long-term heavy drinking and smoking, irregular diet, too cold or too hot food, too thick and hard, strong tea, coffee, spicy food, etc., which are easy to induce or aggravate the disease. Chronic gastritis caused by helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa caused by unhealthy diet is not easy to heal. If acute gastritis is not thoroughly treated, it will turn into chronic gastritis. Some drugs, such as aspirin, phenylbutazone, glucocorticoid, etc., can destroy the gastric mucosal barrier and induce or aggravate gastritis. The most common symptoms of this disease are stomachache and fullness, especially after meals, but they are more comfortable on an empty stomach. Although I don't eat much at a time, I feel full and uncomfortable, often accompanied by belching, acid reflux, heartburn, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, indigestion and so on. Due to eating less and indigestion, malnutrition, emaciation, anemia and weakness may occur. Some patients are accompanied by nervous system symptoms, such as nervousness, irritability, insomnia, palpitation and forgetfulness. These phenomena, in turn, will aggravate the stomach symptoms of chronic gastritis, form a vicious circle, complicate the condition and make it difficult to cure. The analysis of gastric juice shows that the gastric acid of patients with chronic superficial gastritis is often normal or slightly lower, while that of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis is obviously lower, and may be accompanied by anemia (hemoglobin is lower than normal). Gastroscopy combined with pathological examination of gastric biopsy can diagnose superficial or atrophic gastritis; Gastroscopy can also take a gastric biopsy to do a test to see if there is Helicobacter pylori infection. Generally speaking, chronic superficial gastritis and simple mild chronic atrophic gastritis have better prognosis. Chronic atrophic gastritis used to be considered as a prelude to gastric cancer (precancerous lesion), but now it seems that this understanding is biased. However, atrophic gastritis has a certain relationship with gastric cancer, and its basis is: 1. Studies have proved that patients with gastric mucosal lesions such as "colonic metaplasia" and "atypical hyperplasia" may develop into gastric cancer, which is an accepted fact. 2. Epidemiological investigation shows that the incidence of atrophic gastritis is higher in the population with high incidence of gastric cancer. 3. Pathological examination showed that atrophic lesions often appeared in the mucosa around gastric cancer. Moderate and severe atrophic gastritis, especially atrophic gastritis with colonic metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia by pathological examination, belongs to precancerous lesions, and it is easy to induce gastric cancer if it is not actively treated and nursed back to health. Therefore, chronic atrophic gastritis needs regular gastroscopy: general chronic atrophic gastritis needs 3-year reexamination 1 time, those with incomplete intestinal metaplasia and mild atypical hyperplasia need 0-year reexamination 1 time, those with moderate atypical hyperplasia need 3-month reexamination 1 time, and those with severe atypical hyperplasia (the canceration rate exceeds 10%) only need active treatment. Even if the disease develops, it can be found in time if we can insist on regular gastroscopy. Preventive resection of gastric lesions or early gastric cancer is still radical, and the effect is still very good. Therefore, as long as active treatment, life aftercare and regular review are achieved, the initiative is in your own hands. In this way, what is terrible about chronic atrophic gastritis? ! Patients with chronic gastritis should pay great attention to diet: regular diet, less meals and soft food; You should chew slowly and avoid overeating; Avoid irritating food, alcohol and tobacco, drink less strong tea and coffee, and eat less spicy, overheated and rough food; Those with low gastric acid and bile reflux should eat more high-protein and low-fat diets such as lean meat, poultry meat, fish and milk. Avoid taking drugs that are irritating to the stomach (such as sodium salicylate, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, aspirin); Relieve mental stress and maintain emotional optimism, thereby improving immune function and enhancing disease resistance; Pay attention to the combination of work and rest and exercise properly. The treatment of this disease by western medicine is mainly symptomatic treatment. Those with severe gastric acid deficiency can take dilute hydrochloric acid orally to increase the acidity of gastric juice; People with indigestion can take pepsin mixture and multi-enzyme tablets; Gastrin and motilium can be used for patients with fullness, nausea and vomiting; Accompanied by bile reflux, it can destroy the gastric mucosal barrier due to long-term bile reflux, produce chronic superficial gastritis, and then develop into chronic atrophic gastritis. In this case, gastric motility drugs can be used to prevent bile reflux, so as to protect gastric mucosa. Domperidone or cisapride can resist bile reflux, promote emptying and stop vomiting; For patients with obvious stomachache, use point slice and 654-2 to relieve spasm and pain; People infected with Helicobacter pylori should also take Livzon and Stomach Triple for sterilization and radical cure. Sucralfate is a protective agent for gastric adhesion, which can reduce the stimulation of external factors on gastric mucosa and is beneficial to the recovery of gastric mucosal lesions. Can be used for various chronic gastritis. Taking vitamin A for chronic atrophic gastritis can improve human immunity, enhance the activity of detoxification enzymes in human body, inhibit the growth of cancer cells and prevent abnormal cell metabolism. Traditional Chinese medicine has a good effect on chronic gastritis. Chronic gastritis mostly belongs to epigastric pain and epigastric pain syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. There are seven common types: A. Spleen and stomach weakness: vegetarian spleen deficiency, or improper diet, hunger, which makes the spleen and stomach weak, manifested as fullness and pain in the stomach, loss of appetite, abdominal distension after eating, fatigue and weakness. Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction is used to strengthen spleen and stomach; B spleen and stomach deficiency and cold type: spleen deficiency is severe, spleen yang is insufficient, or overeating causes cold, which damages spleen yang and leads to yin cold overflow. It is characterized by dull pain in the upper abdominal cavity, preference for warm pressure, relief of pain after meals, severe abdominal pain and cold limbs. Huangqi Jianzhong Pill (soup) is used to warm and tonify the spleen and stomach and relieve pain urgently; C. Liver-qi invading the stomach type: emotional disorder, depression and anger hurting the liver, liver-qi invading the stomach, qi stagnation, abnormal elevation, manifested as abdominal distension and pain, frequent belching, belching or relief after exhaust, or accompanied by irritability, chest tightness, heavy breathing, tight neck, foreign body sensation in the pharynx and other symptoms. Treating with Qizhiweitong Granule can soothe the liver, regulate qi and regulate stomach pain, or take Xiaoyao Pill and Yuanhu Zhitong Tablet. D type of liver-fire invading the stomach: stagnation of liver-qi, prolonged fire, liver-fire invading the stomach, causing heartburn, pain, bitter taste, upset and dry stool. Zuojin pill is used to clear liver and stomach fire; E stomach yin deficiency type, liver fire burns stomach yin or eats spicy food, damages gastric juice, and causes dull pain in gastric cavity, hunger, dry mouth and throat, and dry stool. The treatment method is to nourish yin and stomach with Guan Yi decoction and Shaoyao decoction; F Type of blood stasis in stomach collaterals: stagnation of liver-qi or weakness of spleen-qi, so that blood circulation is blocked for a long time, and blood stasis stops in the stomach, resulting in tingling or cutting pain in the gastric cavity, limited pain, pain refusal, dark tongue or blood stasis spots. Stone dissipation can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis and relieve pain, and has the effect of warming and tonifying stomach qi; G. Cold-heat mixture: there are symptoms of stomach heat such as bitter taste, dry mouth, halitosis and heartburn, people want to eat cold food and dry stool, and there are symptoms of spleen deficiency such as stomach discomfort, stomachache and abdominal distension caused by eating cold food or stomach cold. I treated it with Banxia Xiexin Decoction, and the effect was very good. Chronic gastritis refers to chronic inflammatory lesions of gastric mucosa caused by different reasons. This disease is relatively common, with a long course and persistent or recurrent symptoms. According to gastroscopy and pathology, chronic gastritis can be divided into three types: ① Superficial gastritis has congestion and edema on the surface of gastric mucosa, and erosion and bleeding are rare. Stomach glands usually remain normal. ② The gastric mucosa of atrophic gastritis became thinner, and the gastric glands partially or completely disappeared; ③ Hypertrophic gastritis has thickened gastric mucosa, showing thick strips or nodules. Epithelial cells and gastric glands proliferate, but the hypertrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy is often not confirmed by pathology, so many people have doubts about the existence of this type of gastritis at present. In recent years, it is considered that chronic gastritis can often have superficial and atrophic lesions at the same time, but most of them are atrophic. Chronic gastritis can be divided into antritis and antritis. The mucosal lesions of gastritis in the body of stomach are mostly atrophic and diffuse, which are confined to the body of stomach and usually do not involve the antrum of stomach. The gastric acid secretion function is seriously damaged, the serum gastrin level is increased, and the serum anti-parietal cell antibody is mostly positive, which may cause vitamin B 12 absorption disorder and may cause pernicious anemia. Gastrosinusitis (also known as antritis) mainly involves the mucosa of gastric antrum, which is mostly manifested as atrophic lesions or superficial inflammatory lesions confined to gastric antrum. At the same time, the gastric mucosa can also be accompanied by focal mild atrophic lesions, with mild gastric acid secretion dysfunction, low serum gastrin level and negative serum anti-wall cell antibody, which generally does not cause pernicious anemia. At present, it is believed that gastritis may be closely related to immunity, while antral gastritis is closely related to external stimuli such as smoking and drinking or bile reflux. In China, the incidence of antritis is significantly higher than that of gastritis. Symptoms The clinical manifestations of chronic gastritis mainly include anorexia, epigastric discomfort or dull pain, belching, acid regurgitation, nausea and vomiting. This is persistent or recurrent. Gastritis and antritis may have different clinical features. The former has fewer digestive tract symptoms, but it is prone to obvious or recessive pernicious anemia and iron deficiency anemia. The latter has more digestive tract symptoms, and some patients' symptoms can be similar to peptic ulcer, showing periodic and rhythmic epigastric pain, recurrent black stool or vomiting coffee-like liquid, but can stop bleeding automatically. At present, it is believed that some chronic atrophic gastritis can develop into gastric cancer, and gastritis in antrum of stomach is far more common than antritis, so these patients should be followed up regularly. Gastroscopy combined with biopsy under direct vision is the main method to diagnose chronic gastritis. Treatment of chronic gastritis: 1. Eliminate the etiology and pathogenic factors, such as quitting smoking, tea and wine, and avoiding food and drugs that stimulate gastric mucosa; If obvious bile reflux is found by gastroscopy, metoclopramide and cholestyramine can be taken for treatment. 2. Drug treatment ① People with gastric acid deficiency or low gastric acid can take a mixture of 1% dilute hydrochloric acid and pepsin. ② People with high gastric acid can take aluminum hydroxide gel, metoclopramide and cimetidine. ③ Atropine, propofol and belladonna preparations can be taken when pain occurs. ④ Antibacterials: Low or lack of gastric acid can often cause bacteria to multiply in the stomach, which is related to the development of this disease. Antibacterials that are not easily absorbed can be taken orally for a short time, such as furazolidone, gentamicin and streptomycin. ⑤ Chinese patent medicines: Xiangsha Yangwei, Chen Luxiang, mushroom slices, etc. It can effectively improve symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension, belching, nausea and vomiting. ③ Patients with iron deficiency anemia can be supplemented with iron; People with pernicious anemia can be injected with vitamin B 12. 3. Surgical treatment: Even if gastroscopy shows inflammation, erosion or ulcer and pathological examination shows suspicious canceration, surgical treatment should be considered. Pathological examination shows that patients with mild metaplasia of gastric mucosa or intestinal glands should not rush to operate colitis, also known as nonspecific ulcerative colitis. The main clinical manifestations are diarrhea, abdominal pain, mucus and purulent bloody stool, acute diarrhea, constipation and constipation, and inability to defecate for several days. Sometimes diarrhea and constipation are often accompanied by emaciation and fatigue, and often recur. The main clinical symptom of colitis is that the onset is mostly slow, and a few can be acute. The course of the disease is chronic, lasting for several years to more than ten years. The attack period and remission period are often alternately or continuously aggravated, and occasionally acute attacks occur. The clinical manifestations are: (1) diarrhea: mucus stool and purulent bloody stool, 3-4 times a day. Severe cases appear dozens of times or diarrhea and constipation appear alternately. (2) Abdominal pain: Mild patients have no abdominal pain or only abdominal discomfort. Generally, there is mild to moderate abdominal pain, which is pain in the left lower abdomen or lower abdomen, which may involve the law of relieving the whole abdomen after defecation. (3) constipation, constipation, defecation once every 4-5 days, feces such as sheep manure. Even if you don't take laxatives, you can't relax. (4) Other symptoms: abdominal distension, emaciation, fatigue, bowel sounds, insomnia, dreaminess, fear of cold, etc. How to diagnose colitis in daily life is better confirmed. If you have diarrhea, bowel sounds, constipation, sticky stool and purulent stool, you can control the disease by taking sulfonamides and antibiotics at first, and then use this medicine after repeated recurrence. You should go to the local hospital and ask a specialist for help. 1993, the national symposium on chronic non-infectious intestinal diseases, combined with the situation in China, drew up three experimental diagnostic criteria: (1) ulcerative colitis should first exclude colitis with clear causes such as bacillary dysentery and amebic colitis. (2) It has typical clinical manifestations such as recurrent diarrhea, abdominal pain, mucus pus, etc., at least colonoscopy "X". (3) The clinical manifestations are atypical, but there are typical colonoscopy or X-ray findings or histological findings of mucosal biopsy. Clinical classification of colitis Clinical classification of colitis is helpful for treatment and prognosis. According to the clinical manifestations and progress of the disease, it can be divided into the following four types: (1) mild type: the most common, slow onset, mild symptoms, mild diarrhea, less than 4 times a day, alternating constipation, no or only a small amount of blood mucus in stool, no systemic symptoms, and the lesions are mostly confined to rectum and S-type colon, and the blood condition is normal. (2) Moderate type: between mild and severe, with diarrhea more than 4 times a day and mild systemic symptoms. (3) Severe type: fever, fatigue, emaciation, anemia and other systemic manifestations, diarrhea more than 6 times a day, bloody stool or mucus pus and bloody stool. (4) fulminant type: rare. Traditional Chinese medicine classification of chronic enteritis: it is believed that colitis is mostly caused by damp-heat and blood stasis, yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, deficiency of both qi and blood, qi stagnation and blood stasis, eating disorder, overwork and mental factors. After more than 20 years of clinical experience and the joint efforts of many experts, I have summed up a set of relatively complete and unique TCM classification and treatment methods, so I have achieved strange clinical effects and played a certain role in curing colitis and preventing colon cancer. (1) Diarrhea type: diarrhea, stool deformation, abdominal pain, bloody stool, mucus stool, purulent bloody stool, bowel sounds, poor defecation, acute diarrhea, weight loss, general weakness, aversion to cold, dizziness and other symptoms. This type is the easiest to treat and can be cured in 20-60 days. (2) Constipation type: constipation such as sheep manure, poor and endless defecation, and even a few days can't defecate. Some patients have a long history of diarrhea, accompanied by abdominal pain, emaciation, dry mouth, abdominal distension, anemia and other symptoms, and are prone to malignant transformation. (Treatment usually lasts for 30-60 days) (3) Diarrhea and constipation alternate: dry and thin stool, mucus and bloody stool, accompanied by abdominal pain and bloating. (Treatment usually lasts 20-60 days) How to fundamentally treat colitis? Chronic colitis is an autoimmune disease, which may be related to some pathogen infections, genetic factors and mental factors. Most of them have a long course of disease and are difficult to heal, especially ulcerative colitis, which has mucus and pus in the stool, and the patients are very painful. These symptoms can not be solved by regulating the spleen and stomach, strengthening the spleen and benefiting the intestines, but should be supplemented by cold and heat, strengthening the spleen and regulating yin and yang, so as to fundamentally treat enteritis. Liu, a Shandong patient, suffered from abdominal pain and diarrhea for 5 years. He ate a lot of Chinese and western medicines and began to take effect. The more he uses it, the worse the effect will be. Some drugs are relieved after taking them, and then relapse after stopping taking them. When seeing a doctor, the patient's diarrhea is aggravated, and the stool is sticky, 5-6 times a day, and it is urgent and then heavy. There is a burning sensation in the anus after defecation, and the diet is still good. But after dinner, I have to go to the toilet, and my movements are a little slow, so I can't control my stool and my body is getting thinner and weaker. Red tongue, white greasy fur and weak pulse. According to the condition, the methods of invigorating spleen and eliminating dampness and tonifying cold and heat were adopted. After taking the dose of 15, the frequency of defecation decreased, three times a day, but mucus still existed and did not form. On the basis of the original prescription, the kidney was used, and the stool basically returned to normal. The patient thought he was completely cured, but his condition recurred due to improper diet. He defecates 3-4 times a day, and his symptoms are basically the same as before, but his reaction is mild. He still used the original recipe and fried Coix seed 30g, and then 15 dose, the stool basically returned to normal. After taking 15 dose, it completely returned to normal and has not recurred so far. The key to treating colitis is prescription. Frequent defecation does not necessarily require tonic. It is necessary to combine syndrome differentiation with disease differentiation, strengthen the spleen with neutralization, and generally use tonics. It is necessary to strengthen the body's resistance and eliminate pathogens. Strengthening the body resistance is fundamental, and eliminating evil means eliminating inflammation, so that the effect can be better.