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(3) Read the following article and complete 1-5.

Since ancient times, sandstorms have been one of the natural enemies threatening human survival. Today in 2 1 century, sandstorms occur frequently all over the world, and the raging momentum is increasing day by day. People can't help asking: How did the sandstorm come about?

The interaction of sand source, strong cold air and cold and warm air is the basic condition for the formation of sandstorms. The sand source comes from desert, degraded grassland caused by deforestation and overgrazing, bare land without any vegetation and some illegal construction sites. Due to the lack of corresponding maintenance and covering measures, the topsoil is exposed and the whirlwind blows, which is easy to form dust. The interaction of cold and warm air produces vertical upward movement, which blows up dust and forms sandstorm. Without the condition of sand source, the latter two factors can only cause weather phenomena such as strong wind or precipitation. Experts found that strong and lasting wind is the driving force of sandstorm through field investigation in Wuwei and Jinchang, the source of sandstorm is man-made vegetation, weathered loose and dry soil, and it is accompanied by the destruction of ecological balance by human activities.

As early as 1860 to 1890, due to unreasonable over-exploitation of 90 million hectares of virgin land in the west, the United States burned grasslands on a large scale and reclaimed land blindly, which led to a sandstorm that shocked the world in May 1934. The sandstorm started in the west where the land was severely damaged, and quickly developed into a huge yellow sand belt with a length of 2,400 kilometers, a width of 1500 kilometers and a height of 3 kilometers, which swept two-thirds of the land in the United States for three consecutive days. At that time, the dust content in the atmosphere was as high as 40 tons per cubic kilometer, and more than 300 million tons of soil were involved in the Atlantic Ocean. This year, the United States destroyed 4,500 mu of cultivated land, and 6,543.8+6,000 farmers went bankrupt and fled the Great Plains in the west.

In recent decades, due to the rapid population growth in China, it is convenient to obtain the necessary means of subsistence through over-farming, over-grazing and deforestation. Large areas of forests and grasslands have been reclaimed into farmland? As a result, not much food was planted, which led to soil salinization and wasted more land. The grassland is constantly overgrazing without compensatory protective planting, which greatly aggravates the grassland degradation. As a result, sandstorms frequently swept through most parts of northern China last year. In just three months, there were 12 sandstorms in China, which affected most parts of China, not only the northwest, Beijing, Tianjin and parts of North China, but also the provinces south of the Yangtze River.

Facts show that people reclaim land in a controlled manner, ask nature for even unlimited plunder, don't give them a chance to "recuperate", constantly destroy the balance of natural ecology, and finally attract merciless punishment from nature again and again. Learn from a painful experience and never forget the lessons of history. Humans should really take action, seriously study how to prevent and control sandstorms, and strive to improve the ecological environment of the earth, so that green and life can last forever. (According to 200 1? 4 "knowledge window" related information adaptation)

1. The object described in this article is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2. Please understand the meaning of the words in the text in the context.

Culprit: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Rest leave: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3. Judging from the formation of sandstorms, the main differences between sandstorms and gale rainfall are as follows: the fundamental reasons for sandstorms are:

_____________________________________________________。 (Try to use the original sentence)

4. What does "over-exploitation" mean in the third paragraph? This passage is explained by many figures. Please briefly illustrate the benefits of using digital interpretation with examples.

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

People don't pay attention to living in harmony with nature, which leads to the imbalance of ecological environment and is mercilessly punished by nature. Please give examples in this respect and put forward corresponding improvement measures.

For example: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Measures: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Answer: 1, sandstorm. The cause and serious harm of sandstorm. 2. Sand source is the main factor causing sandstorm disaster. After recuperation, nature has recovered its vitality and reached an ecological balance. 3. There is sand source. The ecological environment has been destroyed by human beings. 4, burning grassland, blindly reclamation. (1) ... 2400 km long, 1500 km wide and 3 km high ... swept two-thirds of the land for three consecutive days (any number can get 1 integral). (2) The characteristics of sandstorm, such as fierce, huge scale and serious harm, are explained scientifically, accurately and concretely with digital data. 5. For example, deforestation. Closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation (for example, the measures are reasonable).

How long can humans live on the earth (excerpt)

He xiuxiu

How long can humans live on the earth? This involves not only the sustainable development strategy, but also the resources provided by the earth for human survival and development, and how many years the external environment of the earth can remain unchanged.

② The sun is the most important factor that determines the external environment of the earth. According to the theory of modern astronomers, the sun will provide light and heat to the earth continuously and steadily, and the average radius of the earth's rotation around the sun will remain unchanged for a long time, with only a very small swing at most, which will last for at least 4 billion years. After 4 billion years, the sun will gradually expand, evolve into a red giant, and finally completely swallow the earth into its "belly".

(3) The sun has a great influence on the earth. "As long as the sun roars, the earth shakes immediately.". As for humans, they can't bear any shaking of the earth! But it is no problem that the sun provides the earth with light and heat for 40 million years, because in these 40 million years, the energy consumed is less than 1% of the total amount of the sun! Therefore, to study the sustainable survival and development of human beings on the earth, we should at least aim at the sustainable survival of human beings on the earth for 40 million years!

(4) But the real threat facing mankind comes from mankind itself. If people thought Galileo was the father of modern science 400 years ago, then the development of science, technology, industry and agriculture in these 400 years has far exceeded the achievements of mankind in the past four million years. At the same time, the resources consumed on the earth in the past 400 years have greatly exceeded the sum of the resources consumed by mankind in the past 4 million years! What will the earth look like in 4000 or even 40 million years according to the current trend of increasing consumption?

⑤ The resources on the earth can be divided into two categories: one is renewable resources, and the other is non-renewable resources. Although human beings can supplement some non-renewable resources by consuming renewable resources, it is limited after all. Therefore, the survival and development of human beings ultimately depend on how many years the resources on the earth can maintain the normal life of human beings according to certain resource consumption standards.

6. In fact, 40 million years is just a conservative statement. The sun's light and heat may last for a long time. Even if some abnormal events occur in the solar system, such as an asteroid hitting the earth, it is unlikely to happen within 40 million years. People can launch missiles with super destructive power to change the course of asteroids. Therefore, the residents of the earth, at least for a long time, don't have to "worry"!

However, what really worries people is people and whether they can control themselves!

1. This paper answers the question "How long can humans live on the earth" from two aspects. On the one hand, whether the sun can provide light and heat to the earth continuously and stably, on the other hand, it is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2. The author said in paragraph (3) that "solar energy has provided light and heat for the earth for 40 million years, which is no problem". What is the basis of his saying this?

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

3. In paragraph (4), the author said, "But the real threat facing mankind comes from itself". What does the threat "from human beings themselves" mean?

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. Analyze the words added in the following sentences as needed.

(1) "This process will last at least 4 billion years." What does "this process" mean?

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) "However, what really worries people is whether they can control themselves!" Talk about the meaning of "controlling mankind".

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

5. What did you learn after reading this article? Please list two.

Answer: (1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2)__________________________________________________________

Answer:

1, ① The resources on the earth can maintain the normal life of human beings for many years according to the consumption standards of some resources. ② Whether human beings can make rational use of resources. 2, because in these 40 million years, the energy consumed is less than 1% of the total solar energy. 3. Excessive consumption of resources. The sun will provide light and heat to the earth continuously and steadily, and ... it will only swing a little at most. (Answer only the first sentence) 2a. Control the loss of human resources. Control human's damage to the living environment. Just answer one. 5. Answer the two knowledge points involved in the article.

Choose two environments for you, and find the others yourself. Almost all of them are on that website