Cao Xueqin (about 17 15- about 1763), whose real name is Zhan, his real name, his real name and Qin Pu, the author of China's classic Dream of Red Mansions, was born in Shenyang [1] (Liaoyang [2]. Cao Xueqin was born in Zhengbaiqi, the interior office of Qing Dynasty. He is the grandson of Cao Yin and the son of Cao Qing (the son of Cao Fu).
Cao Xueqin experienced a luxurious and romantic life in Nanjing Jiangning Weaving Institute in his early years [5]. In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), the Cao family was robbed of their property because of a deficit, and Cao Xueqin moved back to his former residence in Beijing with his family. Later, he moved to the western suburbs of Beijing and made a living by selling calligraphy and painting and helping friends [3]. Cao Xueqin has an open mind and a wide range of hobbies. He has studied epigraphy, poetry, painting, gardening, Chinese medicine, darning, craft and diet. With perseverance and years of hardships, he finally created a great work with great ideological and artistic quality-A Dream of Red Mansions.
Cao Xueqin's greatest contribution lies in his literary creation. A Dream of Red Mansions created by him is large in scale, rigorous in structure, complicated in plot and vivid in description, and has shaped many typical artistic images of characters. It is the pinnacle of China's ancient novels and occupies an important position in the history of world literature. Cao Xueqin left a valuable cultural heritage and spiritual wealth for the Chinese nation and the people of the world, which not only had a far-reaching impact on the creation of later writers, but also produced a large number of excellent derivative works in the fields of painting, film and television, animation, online games and so on. Academic circles and society have studied and discussed the author, version, text and skills of A Dream of Red Mansions, and even formed a special knowledge-A Dream of Red Mansions.
Author's evaluation:
Zhou: Cao Xueqin's life is extraordinary, bumpy and brilliant. He is likable, admired, admired, and greatly misunderstood and vilified by the secular. He has the philosophical thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi, the grief and indignation of Qu Yuan Sao, the historical talent of Sima Qian, the painting skills and infatuation of Gu Kaizhi, the romantic talents of Li Yishan and Du Mu, and the genius skills of music and drama of Li Guinian and Huang Fangzhuo ... He has both noble and lowly life experiences, ups and downs, separation and joys and sorrows, and also has. So I say he is the representative image of China culture.
Hu Deping: The British say they would rather lose the British Isles than lose Shakespeare. Like Shakespeare and Cervantes, Cao Xueqin used the torch of literature to give people true feelings, warmth and courage to bid farewell to the old system.
Cai Yijiang: Cao Xueqin is one of the greatest writers in China. His position and achievements in the history of world literature are no less than those of Shakespeare, Goethe, Balzac, Pushkin and Tolstoy.
Zhang Qingshan: Cao Xueqin is the greatest writer in China. He deserves to be remembered and commemorated by the people of China. Because he is the author of A Dream of Red Mansions and a symbol of China's national culture. Because of Cao Xueqin and A Dream of Red Mansions, China people are not embarrassed in the face of world literary giants such as Shakespeare, Balzac, Pushkin and Tolstoy. Because Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, with its profound thought, exquisite art and eternal charm, can be compared with any literary classic in the world, and it will always stand on the giant wooden hornet of world literature, which is the pride of the Chinese nation.
Main characters:
Jia Baoyu is the son of Jia Zheng and Mrs. Wang's second son's house. Born with jade, he is the apple of his eye and has high hopes for him. However, he embarked on the road of rebellion, hated stereotyped writing, criticized Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, and branded the scholar an official as "traitor Lv Kun". He doesn't like serious books, but prefers miscellaneous books such as Peony Pavilion and The West Chamber. He hangs out with the girls at home all day, loves their beauty and purity, and laments their tragic fate.
Lin Daiyu-the crown of twelve women in Jinling (tied with Baochai). The daughters of Lin Ruhai and Jia Min, namely Baoyu's menstruation and cousin, live in Guo Rongfu. She is cold, sentimental and quick-thinking. She and Baoyu really love each other, are Baoyu's alliance against feudal ethics, and are firm pursuers of free love. However, this love was strangled by the tragic family fate, and Daiyu died in tears.
Xue Baochai, the crown of twelve women in Jinling (tied with Daiyu), comes from the Xue family of four big families and is the daughter of Aunt Xue. She is generous and elegant, and her manners are elegant. She hated the darkness of officialdom, but she advised Baoyu to study and be an official. She has a golden lock, which is a perfect match for the psychic Baoyu. Under the arrangement of her family, she married Baoyu. One or two years after marriage, Baoyu gave up and returned to Gengqingshanding, leaving Baochai alone in the empty boudoir.
Jia Yuanchun, the third of the twelve women in Jinling, is the eldest daughter of Jia Zheng and Mrs. Wang, and the first lady of Jia Fu. Because of virtue and filial piety, he chose to enter the palace as a female history. Shortly after Qin Keqing's funeral, Yuan Chun was crowned the imperial concubine. Jia Fu built the Grand View Garden to welcome his mother. She brought home "bloom brocade with fire", but she was claustrophobic in the palace, unable to enjoy family happiness, and died of sudden illness.
Jia Tanchun, the fourth of the twelve women in Jinling, was born to Jia Zheng, Aunt Zhao and Miss Jia Fu. She is smart and strong-willed, and has the nickname "Rose". When inspecting the Grand View Garden, she slapped Wang Shanbao's family in public. She was deeply touched by the crisis in Jiafu, and she used the reform of promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages to save it. Although the reform was successful, it didn't help, and later I married Hainan.
Shi Xiangyun, the fifth of the twelve women in Jinling, is a historian of four great families and a granddaughter of Jia Mu. My parents died when I was a child, so I can't make decisions at home. Sometimes, I have to do needlework at midnight. She is outspoken, cheerful and open-minded. She never cares about children. She later married the only thrill, but her husband died of tuberculosis, and she was determined to be a widow, which was very bitter [9].
Miao Yu, the sixth of the twelve women in Jinling, is from Suzhou. My ancestors were scholars and officials. Because I was sick since I was a child, it was useless to buy a lot of body pairs, so I had to go into an empty door to practice with my hair. After her parents died, she went to Beijing with her master. After Master's death, Mrs. Wang appreciated her practice and invited her to stay in the Grand View Garden. After being robbed by thieves, he died indomitable.
Seven of the twelve women in Jinling, daughter of Jia She and Jia Fu. She is honest, incompetent, timid and has a nickname "Ermu". She is not only inferior to her sisters in guessing poems, but also knows how to give in and be bullied. Jia She owed five thousand two hundred pieces of silver to the bamboo slips and married them. She was abused to death by her husband Sun Shaozu [1 1].
Jia Xichun, the eighth of the twelve women in Jinling, is Jia Zhen's sister, Miss Jia Fu, who likes painting. Because her father Jia Jing has always been an alchemist and her mother died young, she grew up beside Guo Rongfu's grandmother. Without the love of her parents, she developed a lonely and indifferent character. When she was looking at the Grand View Garden, she ruthlessly drove away the maid to paint. The decline of four big families and the ending of three sisters gave her the idea of leaving the world and entering buddhist nun.
Wang Xifeng, one of the twelve women in Jinling, was born in four royal families, the niece of Mrs. Wang and the wife of Jia Lian. She was smart and capable, won the trust of the Lady Dowager and Lady Wang, and became the housekeeper of the mansion. She is smooth and considerate, and has done a lot for money and life. The ending is "crying to Jinling is even more sad."
Jia is the daughter of Jia Lian and Wang Xifeng, one of the twelve women in Jinling. Born on the seventh day of July, Grandma Liu named her "Qiaojie". After the downfall of the Jia family, Jia Huan and Jia Huan wanted to sell her to the prince as a servant girl. In an emergency, thanks to grandma Liu's help, she was taken to the countryside. Then I married a village girl.
Eleven of the twelve women in Jinling, Jia Zhu's widow Li Wan, gave birth to Jia Lan. Although Li Wan is brilliant, she is like a dying ember. Apart from her adoptive parents, she accompanies her sister-in-law, reads aloud in her spare time and cares nothing [15]. She is a typical virtuous woman, a virtuous woman who abides by feudal ethics.
Qin Keqing, the wife of Jia Rong in Ningguo Mansion, is the twelfth of twelve women in Jinling. She is the adopted daughter of camp doctor Qin Bangye, from Yangshengtang. Her nickname is Kerr, and her name is both pleasant and pleasant. She is elegant, delicate, romantic, gentle and peaceful, and is deeply loved by grandmothers and others. However, her father-in-law Jia Zhen had an ambiguous relationship with her, which led to her early death.
Jia Mu-the historian of four great families, the old lady Jia Fu and the old lady Baoyu [16]. In Jia's family, I started with my great-grandson daughter-in-law until I had my great-grandson daughter-in-law. She got the position of Jia's parents by virtue of her cleverness. She likes her granddaughter and especially dotes on Baoyu.
Creative background:
A Dream of Red Mansions was born at the end of China feudal society in the18th century. At that time, the Qing government closed its doors to the outside world, and the whole country was immersed in the dream of Kangxi, Kangxi and Qianlong, and went to China. This period seemed peaceful on the surface, but various social contradictions in the bones were intensifying, and the whole dynasty reached a turning point from prosperity to decline.
During the Kang Yong period, Cao Jiazu Sun San worked in Jiangning for 58 years on behalf of four people. In its heyday, the Cao family had done four large-scale pick-up and drop-off of drivers. Cao Xueqin grew up in Nanjing and experienced a rich aristocratic life in his youth. However, the family gradually declined. In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), Cao Xueqin returned to Beijing with his family. After returning to Beijing, he worked as a handyman in charge of literature and ink in a royal school, "Right-wing Religion". His family was poor and his life was difficult. In his later years, he moved to the western suburbs of Beijing, and his life was even poorer. He is "full of wormwood" and "the whole family often eats porridge and wine on credit". A Dream of Red Mansions was written in poverty after Cao Xueqin went bankrupt. The creation time is from the early years of Qianlong to about thirty years of Qianlong.
The first paragraph of A Dream of Red Mansions is the preface of Cao Xueqin. In this preface, Cao Xueqin tells readers the origin of writing. According to himself, this book was written according to his prosperous old dreams in Nanjing in his early years. Because I lived in the western suburbs of Beijing at that time, I was mediocre and accomplished nothing. I suddenly recalled all the girls in my family when I was young, and felt that their knowledge and talents far exceeded their own. I couldn't help feeling ashamed and sorry. My ancestors had a narrow life to establish this family business, but they were lucky, but they didn't do their job well and didn't listen to their parents and teachers' discipline, so that they had nothing since childhood and were down and out for the rest of their lives. Cao Xueqin wrote this experience and confession as a novel, just to tell readers that although their crimes are inevitable, those girls are real people in life, and their deeds must not be lost in obscurity to cover up their crimes. Thinking of this, my heart is full of ripples, and all difficulties are not a problem. What's more, the carefree rural life and pleasant scenery made him think like a spring and write like a god. Cao Xueqin's modesty made him ignorant of learning, so he wanted to write this novel in vernacular Chinese, aiming to make a biography for the girls, relieve his distress and provide readers with fun and appreciation.