I. Name of Ganoderma lucidum
In Shennong's Herbal Classics, there are six kinds of Ganoderma lucidum: Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, and Ganoderma lucidum, all of which are listed as top grades. Their curative effects are clear, each with its own emphasis, and what * * * has in common is "keeping fit for a long time and prolonging life". Since ancient times, Ganoderma lucidum has been given many aliases, such as,, Ganoderma lucidum,, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum and so on. Some of these names reflect the various color forms of Ganoderma lucidum, some reflect the special growth environment or habits of Ganoderma lucidum, and some show its precious medicinal value and humanistic meaning.
1. Ganoderma lucidum, as a fungal plant, mostly grows in the rhizosphere of trees or rotting wood, and other aliases such as "Junzhi" and "Ganoderma lucidum" reflect the growth environment and morphological characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum. One of the "woody ganoderma lucidum" also follows its characteristics of growing on wood and resembling wood. For example, as recorded in Notes on Materia Medica, "the ganoderma lucidum used in this custom is born on saprophytic plants and resembles wood."
2. Cao Rui Ganoderma lucidum is also called Cao Rui. After the Warring States Period, under the influence of Qiyan alchemist culture and Han Confucian culture, Ganoderma lucidum gradually went to the altar and eventually became a symbol of the virtue of a holy king or the "auspicious" of Confucian ethics. "Ruiming Ji" says: "If you are kind, grass will grow." "Shennongjing" also contains: "Mountains and rivers, four seasons and five elements of cloud and rain, the essence of yin and yang day and night, five colors of wisdom, for the sage Xiang Xiu." It can be seen that "Cao Rui" carries the mission of auspicious symbol.
3. Shen Cao said in Shuo Wen: "Chi, also." Ganoderma lucidum, known as "God" since ancient times, is the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum or Ganoderma lucidum, a fungus of Polyporaceae. I like damp and dark, and I grow in the inaccessible "fairy residence". "Natural History" has a cloud: "Famous mountains make wisdom, immortal grass." As for how to enter the famous mountains to find Ganoderma lucidum, Ge Hong described in Bao Puzi: "If people don't practice hard for a long time, they don't know how to get into the mountains. Although the map is obtained, ghosts and gods disagree and people will never see it. " This shows that the ancients thought that the place where Ganoderma lucidum grew was ethereal and mysterious.
4. Lingzhi's explanation of "Zhi" is not only related to its growth environment, but also expounded by Li Shizhen in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Zhi Ben is Zhi" and seal characters are like grass on the ground. Later generations borrowed words as words, so they added grass to distinguish them. " In this way, the word "Zhi" has become a vivid endorsement of the growth form of Ganoderma lucidum. "Li Ji of the Great Generation" says: "The essence of Yang is called God, and the essence of Yin is called God." "Biography" said: "Spirit, God also." Since then, "spirit" has derived the meaning of kindness and beauty. The combination of "spirit" and "wisdom" shows that the world cherishes and worships Ganoderma lucidum.
Therefore, the medicinal name of Ganoderma lucidum reflects its growth environment, medicinal value, health culture, folk customs and spiritual sustenance.
Second, eat Ganoderma lucidum.
The application of ganoderma lucidum in health preservation is more reflected in diet, forming a unique ganoderma lucidum diet health preservation culture. Ganoderma lucidum is mild in sexual use and has a wide range of functions, and has a good effect on conditioning various weak constitutions and diseases. Therefore, doctors and ordinary people of all ages regarded it as a treasure, not only a symbol of good luck, but also an amulet for health care, so it was widely used in diet. Although there are some application forms, such as porridge, vegetables, tea and so on. , but more is the application of medicinal liquor.
Third, the medicinal use of Ganoderma lucidum
As early as in Shennong Herbal Classic, the varieties of Ganoderma lucidum were classified according to five elements, such as Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum. And the understanding of their sexual taste also comes from this. For example, Herbal Medicine in South Yunnan holds that Ganoderma lucidum is sweet, Bai Lingzhi is spicy, black Ganoderma lucidum is salty, yellow Ganoderma lucidum is sweet, pungent and green Ganoderma lucidum is salty. However, Ganoderma lucidum used in clinic at present are mostly Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum, whose main properties are sweet, flat and non-toxic, and belong to the heart, lung and kidney meridians.
Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica also basically established the main function of Ganoderma lucidum, "Ganoderma lucidum cures the knot in the chest, benefits the heart, supplements the middle, increases wisdom, and does not forget. Long-term food, fitness is not old, and longevity is immortal "; "Zizhi main deafness, joints, protect god, beneficial essence, strong bones and muscles, good look. Long-term use will not get old. " Shennong Herbal Classic summarizes the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on nourishing the heart, calming the nerves and tonifying the kidney, and highlights the role of Ganoderma lucidum in the three treasures of essence and qi, and lists it as the top grade that can be taken for a long time and prolong life. At present, Ganoderma lucidum is listed as a sedative in traditional Chinese medicine, which has the functions of calming the nerves, tonifying deficiency, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, and is mainly used in the following aspects.
1. Nourishing one's heart, benefiting one's heart, and reassuring one's mind is the "foundation of life", which plays the role of dominating one's mental mood and coordinating the functions of viscera. Such as deficiency of qi and blood and mental malnutrition, can cause palpitation, insomnia, dreaminess, forgetfulness and other symptoms. Ganoderma lucidum is good at invigorating qi, nourishing blood and calming the nerves. It is a good medicine for treating qi and blood deficiency and anxiety.
2. Nourishing kidney essence, protecting kidney qi, treating kidney deficiency, exhausting essence and storing essence, also known as "the essence of sealing storage". Deficiency of kidney essence and deficiency of kidney qi will lead to the occurrence and development of various chronic consumptive diseases, such as fatigue, backache and tinnitus, polyuria and nocturnal emission, and tepid hands and feet. Ganoderma lucidum has a light taste, belongs to the kidney meridian, benefits the kidney and fixes the essence, can be taken for a long time, and has a good conditioning effect on various chronic diseases and deficiency.
3. Benefiting lung qi, resolving phlegm, and stopping cough and asthma are "official correlation", and the dirty cover governs xuanyu, governs the whole body qi, and regulates the operation and distribution of whole body qi, blood and body fluid. Deficiency of lung qi can easily lead to physical weakness, chronic cough, asthma and excessive phlegm. Ganoderma lucidum can replenish lung qi and consolidate exterior, to some extent, prevent exogenous physical weakness, resolve phlegm, relieve cough and asthma. It is suitable for patients with cough and asthma with excessive phlegm, especially for patients with lung and kidney deficiency and cough and asthma with phlegm.
It should be pointed out here that if there is no obvious adverse reaction after taking Ganoderma lucidum, it can be used as both medicine and food, but if there are symptoms such as cold and fever, users should stop using it.
Expert introduction
Yang Baican, Professor of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Doctoral Supervisor, Vice Chairman of the Basic Theory Branch of Chinese Medicine Association of China, Executive Director of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Association, Chairman of Geriatrics Professional Committee, member of the World Expert Committee on Acupuncture Education, and passenger seat expert of state administration of traditional chinese medicine Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture Science Popularization.