At present, for coronary heart disease, the global medical community is exploring effective treatment methods. It is recognized that doctors play a leading role in treating coronary heart disease, but personal maintenance is also very important. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease should always be on high alert, pay attention to everything in life, and guide their behavior with a scientific and reasonable lifestyle. Generally speaking, the aftercare of patients with coronary heart disease needs to start from the following aspects.
Dietary principles of patients with coronary heart disease
Among the risk factors of coronary heart disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and smoking are the most important, followed by obesity, diabetes and mental and neurological factors, and some unchangeable factors such as family genetic history, age and gender (male). From these factors, the incidence of coronary heart disease is directly or indirectly related to diet nutrition, so paying attention to reasonable diet is one of the important measures to prevent and treat coronary heart disease.
1. Control the quality and quantity of fat intake.
Many studies have proved that long-term intake of large amounts of fat will increase the contents of cholesterol, plasma fat and plasma lipoprotein in blood, which will lead to coronary heart disease. But even if the total amount of fat is reduced, we should pay attention to the "quality" of fat: saturated fatty acids in fat can raise cholesterol, while unsaturated fatty acids can lower cholesterol. However, animal fat contains more saturated fatty acids, while plant fat contains more unsaturated fatty acids. So try to eat less or avoid eating animal fat, and eat vegetable fat in moderation.
Control sugar intake
Carbohydrate is the main source of human thermal energy. Excessive carbohydrate intake will cause heat accumulation, which will be converted into fat in the body, causing obesity and raising blood lipids. Therefore, we should strictly control the total intake of carbohydrates, especially sugar. The daily heat is controlled at about 7500 joules.
3. Appropriately increase the intake of dietary fiber
Dietary fiber can absorb cholesterol, prevent cholesterol from being absorbed by human body, promote cholic acid to be discharged from feces, and reduce the production of cholesterol in the body. Therefore, there should be enough dietary fiber in the diet to prevent and treat coronary heart disease.
Step 4 take rich vitamins
For example, vitamin C can promote cholesterol to produce cholic acid, thus reducing blood cholesterol, improving coronary circulation and protecting blood vessel wall; Nicotinic acid can dilate peripheral blood vessels, prevent thrombosis and reduce the level of triglyceride in blood. Vitamin E has antioxidant effect, which can prevent the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, protect myocardium, improve myocardial hypoxia and prevent thrombosis. Therefore, there should be a variety of vitamins in the diet to ensure the normal nutrition of blood vessels.
5. Ensure the supply of necessary inorganic salts and trace elements.
For example, iodine can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol in intestine and reduce the deposition of cholesterol on blood vessel wall, so it can slow down or prevent the development of atherosclerosis; Dietary calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper and chromium can also reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure adequate supply in the usual diet.
6. Eat less and eat more meals to avoid overeating.
In particular, you should not eat too much at dinner, otherwise it will easily induce acute myocardial infarction.
7. The diet should be light and low in salt.
This is especially important for patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension, and the salt intake should be controlled below 5 grams per day.
8. Control protein's intake
Protein is an essential nutrient to maintain the heart, but too much intake is not good for coronary heart disease. Because protein is not easy to digest, it will increase the burden on the heart, so the intake of protein should be moderate. The content of protein in daily food should not exceed per kilogram of body weight1g.
9. Methods of choosing food for patients with coronary heart disease
① Foods that can be eaten at will under the premise of total quantity control: all kinds of cereals, especially coarse grains, such as oats, corn and buckwheat; Beans and their products; Vegetables, such as onions, garlic, cauliflower, mung bean sprouts, lentils, etc. ; Bacteria and algae, such as mushrooms, fungus, kelp, laver, etc. ; All kinds of fruits and tea.
(2) Appropriate amount of food: lean meat, including lean pork, beef and poultry; Fish, including most river fish and sea fish; Vegetable oil, including soybean oil, corn oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, fish oil and olive oil; Milk, including skim milk and its products; Egg white.
(3) Foods to be eaten less or best avoided: animal fats, such as lard, butter, sheep oil and chicken oil; Fat meat, including pigs, cattle, sheep and other fat meat; Brain, bone marrow and internal organs of animals; Egg yolk; Fish roe; Molluscs and shellfish; Sugar, wine, cigarettes, etc. Especially alcohol and tobacco, but you can drink a small amount of red wine.
Precautions for sleeping in patients with coronary heart disease
With coronary heart disease, scientific sleep is very important. Only by paying more attention during sleep can angina pectoris and myocardial infarction be effectively prevented.
1. Pay attention to health care before going to bed
Dinner should be light, not too much. It is wise to eat digestible food with some soup. Don't be afraid to urinate at night and dare not drink water. Insufficient water intake will make blood sticky at night. Entertainment before going to bed should be controlled, watching TV for a long time should be controlled, it is not advisable to sit in front of the TV screen for a long time, and don't watch programs with too exciting content, otherwise it will affect sleep. Get into the habit of scalding your feet with hot water before going to bed, and then massage your feet to promote blood circulation, which is conducive to alleviating the fatigue of the day. Go to bed on time, and the bedtime should not exceed 1 1 pm every day.
Step 2 pay attention to your sleeping position
Patients with coronary heart disease should adopt the position with the right head high and the feet low. When sleeping in the right lateral position, the muscles of the whole body are relaxed, the breathing is smooth, and the heart is not oppressed, which can ensure the oxygen supply needed by the whole body during sleep and help reduce the occurrence of angina pectoris. When you sleep with your head high and your feet low, reducing the amount of blood flowing back to your heart can greatly reduce the load on your heart and help your heart "rest". If patients with coronary heart disease are seriously ill and have heart failure, they should take a semi-recumbent position to relieve dyspnea and avoid lying on the left or prone.
3. Pay attention to waking up in the morning
Early morning is the most frequent moment of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction in patients with coronary heart disease, and the most dangerous moment is the moment when they just wake up. So the first thing to do when you wake up in the morning is not to dress in a hurry, but to lie on your back for 5- 10 minutes, massage the precordial area and head, take a deep breath, yawn, stretch and other activities, then sit up and dress slowly, and then get out of bed slowly. Drinking a cup of warm water in time after getting up can dilute the blood thickened by sleep dehydration, which can prevent heart attacks to the maximum extent.
4. Pay attention to the health of taking a nap
Medical experts found through experiments that taking a nap for 30 minutes every day can reduce the incidence of angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease by 30%, so patients with coronary heart disease advocate taking a nap. However, for patients with coronary heart disease, taking a nap as long as 1 hour is enough. A long nap often leads to a deeper stage of sleep. When you wake up from a deep sleep, it is as uncomfortable as being woken up in the middle of the night. Pay more attention to posture when taking a nap. The best position is the right side position. The best time to take a nap is around 1: 00 in the afternoon, and then take a nap after lunch 1 hour. It is best to wake up after a nap and give yourself a few minutes to wake up, so that you will feel sleepy, feel good, and soon your mental state will be the best. Some elderly people with coronary heart disease are used to sitting on a ton, which is not desirable. This posture will compress the chest, affect breathing, increase the burden of the sick heart, and cause cerebral ischemia.
Exercise principles for patients with coronary heart disease
Limited by the level of medical development, there is no specific medicine to cure coronary heart disease at present, so rehabilitation treatment is recommended internationally at present. The so-called rehabilitation therapy refers to helping patients to relieve symptoms, improve cardiovascular function and improve their quality of life through active physical exercise and psychological and behavioral training; At the same time, actively intervene in the risk factors of coronary heart disease. Therefore, exercise has become the primary method of rehabilitation treatment for patients with coronary heart disease.
First of all, the exercise programs should focus on endurance sports such as race walking, jogging, Tai Ji Chuan, rouli dance, gateball, games and cycling. You can also do some small-intensity exercises to enhance muscle strength, such as dynamic exercises of dumbbells. Secondly, the intensity of exercise should be judged according to the number of heartbeats and the degree of mental fatigue, and it is appropriate for the heart rate to reach about 60%~80% of the maximum heart rate during exercise. The elderly can use "170- age = heart rate" to master the intensity of exercise. For example, at the age of 60,170-60 = 1 10, that is, the sports center rate can reach110 times/minute. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the self-feeling during exercise, and it is generally advisable to be a little tired. Thirdly, the duration of each exercise varies from person to person, generally 10~30 minutes, and those with good physical strength can reach 60 minutes. Rest can be arranged properly during exercise. Finally, the number of exercises per week depends on everyone's situation, ranging from 3 to 7 times a week. According to research, the elderly can take part in moderate-intensity, short-term exercise, even once a week, so as to achieve the purpose of aerobic exercise, which is good for both body and mind.
In addition to the above matters, patients with coronary heart disease should also pay attention to the following matters:
① Choosing proper and gentle exercise can not only achieve the training effect, but also be easy to persist. It is necessary to avoid competitive sports and prevent danger.
② Exercise only when you feel good. Exercise should be prohibited if you have severe heart failure, angina pectoris or myocardial infarction within three months, or if you have coronary heart disease with hypertension and have not been controlled. After a cold or fever, the symptoms and signs should disappear for more than two days, and then resume exercise.
(3) Pay attention to the influence of surrounding environmental factors on exercise response, including choosing a flat sports ground, reducing the amount and intensity of exercise in cold and hot weather, wearing loose, comfortable and breathable clothes and shoes and socks, and slowing down when going uphill.
④ Choose exercise time. Some surveys have found that the early morning is the peak of heart attack, and exercise is easy to induce diseases at this time. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease should exercise in the afternoon and evening.
⑤ It is not advisable to have a full meal before exercise. Because the blood supply in the body needs to be redistributed after eating, the blood flowing to the gastrointestinal tract to help digestion increases, while the blood supply to the heart is relatively reduced, which is easy to cause relatively insufficient blood supply to the coronary artery, thus causing angina pectoris.
6. Exercise should be gradual. If you don't exercise at ordinary times, don't do excessive exercise and exercise for too long as soon as you get up, and then increase the amount of exercise after getting used to it.
All landowners training must be persistent, in order to achieve better results. Fishing for three days and drying the net for two days are more likely to hurt your body shape.
8 Pay attention to cold and warmth during winter exercise. Winter is the season of high incidence of heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia and other diseases. Severe weather such as severe cold, low air pressure and large temperature difference will make the human body in a state of stress, which is a dangerous period for patients with coronary heart disease. In order to make patients with coronary heart disease spend this dangerous season smoothly, it is very important to keep warm and cold, and add clothes in time according to the weather conditions during exercise.
Pet-name ruby alert symptoms. If you find upper body discomfort (including chest, arm, neck or jaw pain, burning sensation, tightness or swelling pain), weakness, shortness of breath, joint discomfort (joint pain or back pain) and other symptoms during exercise, you should stop exercising, treat with drugs you carry with you, such as nitroglycerin, and send them to the hospital for emergency treatment if necessary.
Attending to avoid taking a hot bath immediately after exercise. Because the whole body is soaked in hot water, it will inevitably cause a large area of blood vessels to dilate and reduce the blood supply to the heart.
Psychological adjustment of patients with coronary heart disease
Modern medical model divides diseases into three categories: physical diseases, psychosomatic diseases and mental diseases. Coronary heart disease belongs to psychosomatic diseases. Although its pathological changes mainly occur in the heart, psychological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis. Negative emotions such as anxiety, tension, anger, and annoyance will cause a large number of stress hormones such as adrenaline in the blood to gush out, which will have obvious consequences on the body, such as accelerated breathing, rapid heartbeat, and elevated blood pressure. In severe cases, it will also cause coronary artery vasospasm and blockage, leading to angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. According to statistics, 2/3 cases of myocardial infarction have incentives, among which emotional excitement, mental tension and fatigue are the most common.
For the treatment of coronary heart disease, there used to be a trend of relying solely on drugs. However, the new bio-psychological-social medical model holds that psychotherapy is the fourth magic weapon alongside drug therapy, physical therapy (such as acupuncture and physiotherapy) and surgical treatment. Self-regulation and maintaining emotional peace and stability in patients with coronary heart disease will not only help to control the disease and better play the role of drug treatment, but also help to prevent cardiac accidents such as myocardial infarction and sudden death. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease should follow the following self-psychological adjustment principles.
1. Pay special attention to mental health in daily life, be calm when things happen, and maintain emotional stability. Learn to control your emotions when watching all kinds of fierce games or exciting TV programs.
When you encounter something unpleasant, you should be able to overcome it. If troubles come from interpersonal relationships or fame and fortune, the following famous saying can be regarded as a good medicine for treating coronary heart disease: people and I should be equal, fame and fortune should be despised, and life and death should be despised.
3. Family members, relatives, friends and neighbors should live in harmony and don't care about trifles. Concessions can be made for unprincipled things, and hard things can be discussed with relevant personnel. When you really can't control your emotions, you can leave the scene for a while and go to a quiet place to relax your emotions.
4. Cultivating some interests in music, painting and calligraphy is of great benefit to exercise your patience, concentrate your thoughts, stabilize your mood and cultivate your sentiment.
5. Master a set of methods of physical exercise and psychological adjustment. Such as self-relaxation training, through breathing relaxation, mental relaxation or through qigong, Tai Ji Chuan and other activities to enhance their rehabilitation ability.
Patients with coronary heart disease should carry "Jiuxin Pill" with them.
Patients with coronary heart disease with a history of angina pectoris or obvious myocardial ischemia confirmed by electrocardiogram should take medicine strictly according to the doctor's advice at ordinary times, and should not blindly add or reduce medicine by themselves. Especially when going out, you should pay attention to carrying drugs called "Jiuxin Pills", such as nitroglycerin, isoamyl nitrate and nifedipine. Once there are premonitory symptoms of angina pectoris, or when angina pectoris occurs, it should be taken immediately and inhaled to relieve pain. If you have to do something with high activity, such as catching a train and taking a bath, you can take 1 tablet nitroglycerin or nifedipine in advance to prevent angina pectoris.
In order to ensure the efficacy of drugs, we should pay attention to check the situation of drugs at ordinary times. In case of expiration, mildew, moisture, etc. , should be replaced immediately, so as to avoid failure and life-threatening when first aid is needed.
The above are the principles that patients with coronary heart disease should abide by when recuperating. As long as you persevere, you can stabilize your illness and further improve your quality of life.