Some bacteria only need carbon dioxide as a carbon source and get energy from light through photosynthesis. This kind of bacteria is called photosynthetic autotroph. Those who rely on oxidized compounds for energy are called chemoautotrophs. Other bacteria rely on organic carbon as carbon source, which is called heterotrophic bacteria.
Heterotrophic saprophytic bacteria are important decomposers in the ecosystem, which make the carbon cycle go smoothly. Some bacteria will carry out nitrogen fixation to transform nitrogen into a form that can be used by organisms. Humans often use bacteria, such as the production of cheese and yogurt, the production of some antibiotics and the treatment of wastewater, which are all related to bacteria. Bacteria are widely used in biotechnology.
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Representative examples of autotrophic microorganisms are red sulfur-free bacteria, red sulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, hydrogen bacteria, iron bacteria and carbon monoxide bacteria (except denitrifying bacteria).
In autotrophic microorganisms, such as hydrogen bacteria, with the substitution of available electron donors (for example, acetic acid is produced from hydrogen), it can sometimes be seen that carbonic acid assimilation replaces the reductive assimilation of organic nutrients (acetic acid, etc.). ).
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