1. Make it spawn: (after mating) unicorns, shoveling insects in the mountains, etc. And put the female worm into humus soil.

1.5 to 20 cm box, preferably a bigger box, so that it can lay eggs fully. It will take about 1 to 2 weeks.

Naturally, eggs are laid, and they are laid at night, so put the box in the dark at night.

(Some places may have lights on all night) or a quiet place, which is better! Usually at this time, the female insect

Don't move at night, lay eggs at the bottom of the box, and don't see it coming out. The mother worm will die soon after giving birth, so take it out quickly.

2. Hatching of eggs: The larvae hatch in about 10 days. If the eggs are found by hand in advance,

It may grow mildew, so it is safer to dig about 2 weeks after the death of the female insect!

3. Take out the larvae: About two weeks after the death of the mother worm, pour the soil on the newspaper to find the larvae.

Take it with a spoon, not a bug!

4. Layout of the culture box: black soil or fine deer marsh soil (written in the book, it should be ordinary mud) with 10- 15 cm at the bottom.

The foundation can be compacted with soil and covered with 20 to 25 cm of humus soil (disinfection mentioned earlier).

In the future, larvae will pupate at the boundary.

The fourth box can be rearranged with the original spawning box. If the box is too small, the larvae will be too crowded. In the future,

Can cause death, or adults are relatively young. Covering is also very important, and it is best to moisturize.

Plastic bags can be used for local ventilation and moisture retention.

6. Larvae can also be raised separately (this is also better, because everyone's boxes are rarely too big to hold 20~30 larvae.

Put the place away from the sun, well ventilated and best visible, so as not to forget that the toilet is a good place!

7. Add water: The soil is too dry to raise larvae. In spring and autumn, 65,438+00 portions of soil should be added.

One kind of water, wrapped in plastic bags in winter, is added twice a month, which is also 1% water!

8. In winter, due to the low temperature, put it in a warmer place indoors, even in a greenhouse!

9. Soil replacement: The larva's food is humus, and the discharged feces will be pushed up. The bigger the worm, the bigger the feces will be.

Feces began to appear on the surface. Take them out with a spoon and replace them with humus.

10. Temperature: keep it around 22~25 degrees Celsius in winter (please refer to it if you are a non-hibernating adult).

If necessary, use an electric heater to keep warm.

It is better to manage larvae separately.

Change pots of different sizes into larvae, or directly use large ones.

Decoding the feeding habits of shovel larva 1

Foreword:

Most of the earliest shovel worms were raised with sawdust or dead wood with larvae, and later some people raised them with fermented sawdust or space bags.

Now there are mother bottles or Japanese bottles from Taiwan Province province to choose from. However, why did the things used to grow mushrooms become sacred products for raising shovels?

What exactly do shovel larvae need to eat? I wonder if some concepts are right or wrong. If you know the baby's eating habits, you can clearly tell!

Introduction:

Shovel larvae (hereinafter referred to as shovel larvae) mostly live in wood in nature, and similarly, there are other insects living in wood.

So there are many insects living in the forest. Take the tropical rain forest as an example. More than 2 million kinds of insects live in it.

From the relationship with trees, it can be divided into three categories.

1. Disposable insect: parasitic on healthy trees or a few dead trees. Such as LEPIDOPTERA.

2. Secondary insects: pests that parasitize weak trees and even kill trees, such as bark beetles.

Saprophytic insects: insects that absorb nutrients from animal and plant debris or parasitize in dead trees. Such as shovel worms and some longicorn beetles or isoptera insects (such as termites).

According to their feeding habits, they are phytophagous, carnivorous, omnivorous and saprophytic. From the scope, there are partial eclipse, narrow eclipse and wide eclipse.

In addition, it is said that there are three kinds of producers, consumers and reducers in the earth ecosystem.

Preliminary discussion:

Shovel larvae belong to saprophytic insects, which are scavengers and omnivores for the first time. Don't underestimate these seemingly insignificant long speeches.

At least, I think that young shovels eat rotten wood, not logs, not nutritional additives added to sawdust, or even dog food.

I think shovel baby will eat dog food that is beginning to mold. Because shovel is a narrow food and saprophyte. Because in nature, young shovels are stored in rotten wood,

So its food is wood, it doesn't need vitamins, and any supplement like high protein can't be absorbed directly.

Is through the role of * * * bacteria. At the same time, you don't have to worry that soaking wood in water will wash away nutrients, because it eats wood parts and can't be washed away.

Additives are more useful to bacteria and indirectly promote the digestion and absorption of shovel larvae. Speaking of this at the beginning, I have some questions.

Why does it have to be rotten wood? What are the nutrients in wood? Where does protein come from? * * * What is bacteria? Why can you keep it in a fungus bottle? What kind of wood is better?

Decoding the feeding habits of shovel larvae II

1. Narrow feed:

As mentioned above, shovel poplar belongs to the first-time consumer group. Broadly speaking, it should be based on all green plants.

(The second time is the first-time consumers, such as zebras eating grass and lions eating zebras, including producers and primary and secondary consumers),

However, because the spatula is narrow, not all trees can eat it. Oak is the most frequently mentioned broad-leaved tree with FAGACEAE as the center.

There are Cyclobalanopsis oak trees in Taiwan Province Province. As for other miscellaneous forests, although they are broad-leaved forests, they are not the first choice and are relatively poor. As for coniferous forests, they can't be used.

This is just like the larvae of the protected species Papilio feeding on Aristolochia. However, there are many genera and species of shovel worms, which are also distributed all over the world.

Moreover, tree species vary from place to place, so this paper takes shovels as the object to discuss, which must be explained first. Because some shovels can't use bacteria bottles,

Some people eat humus soil, which varies from species to species, so they can't be generalized, but because their eating habits are narrow!

2. Wood composition:

(1) cellulose: about 30-40%

(2) lignin: about 20-30%

(3) hemicellulose: about 25-35%

The rest are sugar, lipids and protein.

3. Energy conversion:

We know that the carbon dioxide that plants can absorb from the air and the water, nutrients and minerals that plants can absorb from the soil will be converted into solar energy through photosynthesis.

It is stored in carbohydrates and its tissue structure is established. Its energy is generally stored in cellulose, sugar, starch and lignin.

The by-product is the oxygen that animals need. Humans eat rice and pasta to absorb glucose converted from starch, while shovels digest and absorb it.

Polysaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides after cellulose decomposition. But cellulose is protected by lignin, so it is not so easy to be decomposed! )

4. Degradation of lignin:

Trees are almost all cellulose and hemicellulose on the outer layer of the sieve layer of the catheter, which are fixed by lignin.

Lignin is a kind of high molecular weight, insoluble compound with complex and diverse structures, and most of it is composed of many o-methylated benzene derivatives.

It is difficult to biodegrade itself, so it can protect other polymers in plants, such as cellulose and hemicellulose.

Just like animals have horny skin and insects have carapace.

For example, cellulose in wood is like steel bars, hemicellulose is like sand, and lignin is like cement. So in the ecosystem,

If cellulose, which accounts for most of the stored energy of plants, cannot be decomposed by lignin, wood will be immortal forever.

Other consumers (first-time consumption) can't get the nutritional energy produced by producers, and things will be serious. In fact, some microorganisms

The ability to degrade lignin includes some basidiomycetes, some ascomycetes and some bacteria. So why are dead wood or pieces of dead wood

Only after lignin is degraded can the bacteria in shovel larvae digest cellulose and hemicellulose.

But the mushroom written in Japanese books is the only microorganism that can decompose wood alone, which is inappropriate. There are other fungi similar to mold.

Yeast and actinomycetes can also degrade lignin, which means that these fungi or bacteria can also decompose wood. In other words,

This is the concept of fermentation. At this point, we know why we should use dead wood, even fermentation, because fermentation only takes 1 month.

It can be equivalent to the degree of decay achieved by letting wood rot in the wild for several years, more specifically, the degree of lignin degradation.

5. Machine quality:

For details about lignin or fungi, readers can search online for more academic details.

But it seems that only carbohydrates are mentioned above. What about protein? Another important thing is that it is organic.

It is the main component of beetle shells. What does it have to do with cellulose and fungi?

Decoding the feeding habits of shovel larvae 3

1. Supplementary explanation:

(1) studied the nutrition part of insect physiology, and corrected the statement that the food or additives of spatula don't need vitamins.

Vitamins mainly need B vitamins. B 1 and B2 can be provided by the synthesis of living bacteria or living microorganisms, and others can be provided in yeast or food.

(For a spatula, it is dead wood or humus, etc. ), but vitamins are very scarce and indispensable, so if you want to add them to additives,

If vitamins are added, the fungus mother can be added, because the fungus mother can also provide other nutrients or enzymes.

(2) There are many kinds of FAGACEAE. There are more than 8 genera 1000 species in the world, and it is said that there are 52 species in Taiwan Province province. Readers can check for themselves.

The rotten wood of other broad-leaved trees can also be used to raise young shovels, but now the focus is on raising individuals, so FAGACEAE is the main one.

It should also be pointed out that other tree species are not excluded.

(3) About the structure of trees: Trees include bark, phloem, cambium and xylem (main part), and cellulose is the main component of wood.

Hemicellulose and lignin, followed by polyethylene glycol, pentosan, xylose, polysaccharide, starch, sugar and protein.

Among these components, especially lignin, insects can never fully digest and decompose them, even in the case of cellulose,

Termites are also digested by protozoa (such as bacteria), but some Cerambycidae and Cerambycidae have cellulase.

Therefore, just like a shovel without cellulase, if you want to digest and absorb cellulose, you must rely on the * * * living microorganisms in your body.

By the way, there are different kinds of these microorganisms. At the same time, there should be different bacteria in various shovels and pockets, because from the way they are raised,

Different experiences can be inferred. It is also important that lignin does not completely encapsulate cellulose and hemicellulose, but it is also easily misunderstood.

Just a lot of restrictions. Some cellulose or hemicellulose is broken by wood or bitten by insects.

Exposed to the outside, directly decomposed by bacteria.

Mainly cellulose can be dissolved in weak acid water, but lignin is insoluble. Therefore, lignin is degraded by fungi.

It also makes cellulose and so on continue to be used, and it is also the continuous use of natural organic energy after the death of trees. Carbon cycle: Photosynthesis converts CO2.

It is stored and utilized in various forms of carbohydrates, which are utilized by animals, plants and microorganisms. Finally, carbon dioxide is released by respiration and returned to the atmosphere.

Continue the cycle, each link either releases energy for the organism itself or consumes energy to make the organism grow.

Refer to biochemical books for details.

Cellulose is also ubiquitous in plant cells, and it is the most abundant organic compound on the earth (the second most is chitin), accounting for the proportion of organic carbon.

50% or more. According to research, insect feces usually contain a lot of undigested cellulose, so they are like shovel larvae lacking cellulase.

It can also be seen that there are many undigested sawdust in its feces, so it will be thrown back to eat its feces. So the young shovel bit the rotten sawdust into pieces,

In order to promote the decomposition of cellulose by * * bacteria, so as to facilitate their own absorption of various sugars and nutrients produced after decomposition, it is speculated that it is fine sawdust.

It is more beneficial to shovel yang.

But pay attention to the fermentation process. If it is too fine, it is easy to be absorbed and utilized by various microorganisms in these fermentation subjects because it is conducive to fermentation.

The sawdust turned into humus and what we call excessive fermentation, so we had to feed it to the young. This also partly explains the difference in food needed by shovel babies and pocket babies.

And their eating habits are different. And because it may actually be in the middle stage, it is not easy for us to tell whether it is sawdust or sapropel, which remains to be discussed. However, we also know that the waste sawdust eaten by the shovel can be fed to the shovel, because the shovel does not fully utilize all nutrients, and the existence of microorganisms,

So that sawdust can be continuously converted into humus (the humus source of humus soil is that after all living things on the earth enter the soil,

The final transformation of polymer form), and babies need nutrient-rich humus.

2. Let's talk about the nutrition that insects need:

The main energy source for its growth and development is sugar, followed by amino nitrogen (in the form of protein) and sterols, which are usually the main components of fats and oils. In addition, the world also needs vitamins, especially B vitamins and minerals. The vitamins mentioned above,

Sugar is related to cellulose and hemicellulose. When it comes to fungi, we will talk about it. Other parts will be mentioned later. Due to the in-depth study of various materials

Later, I found that many things are related to the endless material and energy cycle in nature. I believe that if I write them one by one in the future, it will naturally surprise everyone.

Have a deeper understanding! And fermentation, fungi, * * * bacteria, humus and the like ... are all curious about what this is?

Don't worry, although we can't catch bugs this winter, there are still these articles to think about and discuss!

References:

Step by step to raise insects