According to the theory of Dai medicine, there are four towers of wind, earth, water and fire in nature, and the human body is also composed of four towers of wind (gas), water (blood), fire and earth. If the four are balanced, people will be healthy; If these four factors are not balanced, people will get sick. In the diagnosis of diseases, guided by the four-tower theory, the disease is diagnosed by looking, smelling, asking and touching, and a set of unique treatment methods are summarized. Treatment is also based on the rise and fall of the four towers, choose four prescriptions, and cooperate with other drugs to adjust the balance between the four towers in the patient's body, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. According to the local climate characteristics, Dai doctors divide a year into three seasons: cold, hot and rainy, and choose different prescriptions to treat diseases in different seasons. Dai medicine treats diseases by oral administration, external use and both internal and external treatment, and there are some unique treatment methods. Such as sleeping pills, dressing, steaming, fumigating, grinding and stab composition. The commonly used prescriptions of Dai medicine include Wanying Xiaowan, Wubao Yaosan, Dajinchengdan and Tongyan Prescription. The existing Dai medical literature includes: Gayashanhaya, Manushaluo, Pharmacopoeia, medical records, medical records, pathology and so on.

After liberation, Dai medicine has been further developed. 1983, the state identified Dai medicine as one of the four national medicines in China, which needs to be explored, inherited, sorted out and improved. The Institute of Ethnic Medicine and the Dai Hospital were established one after another, which trained a number of Dai medical talents and collected a number of Dai medical works, which promoted the academic level of Dai medicine and enriched the content of ethnic medicine.