Lotus can be used as a delicious food and an excellent tonic and medicine. This phenomenon has been discovered and utilized in our country for a long time, and it has been described in many ancient materia medica. With the progress of science, the deepening of research and the clinical exploration of modern medicine, people's understanding of the Netherlands is more systematic and comprehensive. According to the analysis and identification, the nutritional value and medicinal function of lotus have reliable scientific basis.
The composition content (%) of lotus root is: moisture 7 1.6-83.3, starch 8.4-22.7, total sugar 1.4-4.8, reducing sugar 0.2-2.4, protein 0.94-2.44 and free amino acid 0.07-/kloc-.
The content (%) of lotus seeds is: water 13.5- 18.8, starch 38.3-57.8, total sugar 8.5- 19. 1, reducing sugar 0.8-6.3 and lotus seed oil/kloc-0. The amino acid content (%) is aspartic acid 1.53-2. 18, threonine 0.30-0.57, serine 0.7-1.1,glutamic acid 3.17. Methionine 0.72-0.98, tyrosine 0.28-0.6 1, phenylalanine 0.55-0.87, methionine 0.05-0.3, isoleucine 0.56-0.80, leucine 0.87- 1.30, lysine. The fatty acid content (%) of lotus seed oil is lauric acid, crotonic acid 0.14-10.2, palmitic acid 36.4-72.87, hexadecenoic acid 7.5- 19.7, linoleic acid 33.6 and arachidic acid 16.6. At the same time, it also contains trace elements such as copper, manganese, titanium, calcium, phosphorus and iron.
Coupling includes shoes, asparagine, etc.
Lotus leaf contains liensinine, protonated ferrin, papaverine, nuciferine, N- demethyl nuciferine, D-N monomethyl piperine, annonacine, strophanine, quercetin, isoquercitrin, pilose antler, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, filter acid and suspicious substances.
The leaves and stems contain liensinine, protonase and nuciferine.
Petiole contains liensinine, protonase, resin, shoe material and various alkaloids.
The flower contains quercetin, luteolin, isoquercitrin, luteolin, glucosinolate, kaempferol, kaempferol -3- galactose-grape, kaempferol -3- dilapidil and other flavonoids.
Stamens contain quercetin, isoquercitrin, alkaloids and so on.
Lotus seed shell contains protein, fat, sugar, crude fiber, ash, carotene, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, vitamin C and a small amount of liensinine.
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Second, lotus root has pharmacological effects.
Lotus root is a hypertrophy rhizome of perennial aquatic plants in Nymphaeaceae, which is native to India and China. Cultivated in China for about 3,000 years, it has spread all over China. It is a food with high carbohydrate and low fat. Besides protein, starch, vitamins, carotene and asparagine, it also contains alkaloids such as asparagine, amino acids, fenugreek, catechol and neochlorogenic acid. Lotus root is harvested in autumn, winter and early spring, and it is better to be fat, white and sweet. It is fresh and tender when eaten raw, and strong and old when cooked.
Lotus seed contains starch, raffinose, aspartame, trisaccharide, etc. It is a nourishing food with rich nutrition. In addition, various parts such as lotus and lotus whiskers contain luteolin, quercetin and isoquercetin; Lotus seeds contain organic acids such as nuciferine, quercetin, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid and tannins; Lotus plumule contains Huangxin Suning oxide which can inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and contains liensinine and nuciferine. So the lotus root is full of treasures.
Lotus root is cold and sweet, and enters the heart, spleen and stomach. Fresh products are easy to produce fluid and cool blood, while cooked products are easy to replenish spleen and blood. "Living human nature is sweet and cold, which can cool blood, stop bleeding, clear stomach, remove blood stasis, vomit blood, nose and mouth bleeding, postpartum blood stasis, cure gold sores, quench thirst, cholera, boredom, hangover and so on. ; Warm when cooked, it can strengthen the spleen, stimulate appetite, nourish blood and heart, strengthen the five internal organs, strengthen the lower energizer, promote digestion and diarrhea, and promote granulation. Being in power for a long time will make people happy and stop being angry. "
Lotus root has high edible value. Lotus root is crisp and tender as a raw fruit in the early stage, and it can be fried, stewed, stewed, fried and steamed in the middle and late stage. Such as lotus root fried pork slices, lotus root stew soup, honey lotus root and so on; You can also put glutinous rice into the hole of lotus root, simmer and slice it with white sugar, and make it into glutinous rice lotus root. Or fill in soaked mung beans to make mung bean lotus root, cook and cut into thick slices and dip them in white sugar for eating; Or put minced meat between two lotus root slices, paste with wet flour, and fry in oil pan into golden lotus root cake, or make candied lotus root slices into canned lotus root; Or processed into lotus root powder spoons for young and old.
Lotus root is a kind of vegetable which can be used as medicine and food. Raw food can clear away heat, promote fluid production, cool blood and dissipate blood stasis. Fresh lotus root juice or boiled lotus root soup can often be used to treat fever, polydipsia, hematuria, epistaxis, hematochezia or purpura, so as to cool blood to stop bleeding and excrete heat energy in the body with urine. Taking fresh lotus root juice with boiled water can treat acute gastroenteritis, and juice made from fresh lotus root and sugarcane can treat urinary system diseases, such as urgency, frequent urination, burning pain in urethra, etc. Fresh lotus root is mixed with sugarcane, water chestnut, pear and Ophiopogon japonicus to make a five-juice beverage for treating fever, high fever, dry throat and irritability; Lotus root and ginger juice can treat seasonal gastrointestinal diseases such as enteritis, vomiting and diarrhea in summer; The white lotus root juice of autumn pear can treat cough caused by phlegm heat, lung heat, dry throat, dry mouth and yellow phlegm, and it is not easy to cough up. After taking it, it can relieve sore throat and promote fluid production, moisten dryness, clear away heat and phlegm, benefit lung and relieve cough.
Slicing fresh lotus root and frying fresh cogongrass rhizome into two kinds of juice drinks have the functions of cooling blood, stopping bleeding, clearing heat and removing blood stasis, and are suitable for hemoptysis and blood in phlegm caused by blood heat. Boil fresh lotus root, Ophiopogon japonicus and Radix Rehmanniae into a three-juice beverage, which is suitable for dry throat, dysphagia, nausea and vomiting. A water chestnut root beverage made from fresh lotus root, water chestnut and grass roots has the functions of clearing away heat, cooling blood and detoxifying, and is suitable for parotitis, fever, red tongue, red face, thirst and infantile heat toxicity. Treat hot shower, hematuria and urinary tract infection with the same amount of fresh lotus root, rehmannia glutinosa, grape juice and warm honey.
Fresh lotus root cooked food has no effect of removing blood stasis and clearing heat, but it has the effect of nourishing stomach yin, benefiting heart and nourishing stomach, and is suitable for people with weak spleen and stomach. If glutinous rice is cooked until it is cooked with fresh lotus root slices and seasoned with white sugar, it can be used as an auxiliary treatment for excessive heat, body fluid injury and dry nose and tongue. Boiling lotus root with mung bean can strengthen the spleen, stimulate appetite, relieve liver and gallbladder qi, clear liver and gallbladder heat, nourish blood and lower blood pressure, which is suitable for patients with liver and gallbladder and hypertension.
The fresh lotus root brown sugar porridge has the effects of invigorating spleen, stimulating appetite, relieving diarrhea and thirst, relieving summer heat and vexation, stimulating appetite, benefiting blood and promoting granulation, and is suitable for middle-aged and elderly patients with weak body, anorexia and dry mouth. Lotus root powder can nourish blood, stop bleeding, nourish yin, replenish viscera, regulate middle energizer, stimulate appetite, strengthen spleen and stop diarrhea, which is an ideal food for patients with chronic fatigue. In addition, other parts and products of lotus root (lotus) can be used as medicine. For example, lotus seeds can be made into various nutritious and delicious delicacies and snacks: lotus seeds, lilies, tremella, quail eggs and so on. Can be made into longevity egg, has effects in improving intelligence, tranquilizing mind, invigorating spleen, stimulating appetite, strengthening brain and nourishing heart; Lotus seed, Gordon Euryale seed, Poria, Chinese yam, Coix seed, lentils, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala and japonica rice can be made into eight-treasure rice and porridge. Rich in nutrition, good in color, smell and spleen.
Invigorating stomach, resisting aging, and being suitable for physical weakness, edema, diarrhea and other diseases; Lotus seeds can also be used for roast chicken, barbecue, roasted turtle and other delicacies, and made into sweet soup such as rock sugar, osmanthus, grapes, tremella lotus seed soup, which is well-known and nourishing and delicious; Lotus seeds can also be made into glutinous rice lotus seed rolls, lotus seed Osmanthus Jelly, lotus seed cakes, sugar lotus seed soup and other children's foods. Lotus seed soup drinking tea can dredge blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
Shredded lotus leaves and dried in the sun or charcoal can clear away heat and relieve summer heat, promote hair growth and clear yang, stop bleeding, and treat hyperhidrosis, diarrhea, dizziness, edema, hematemesis, epistaxis and other symptoms. Lotus leaves are clear in color and fragrant in taste, and can be made into bodybuilding diet meals. For example, the steamed meat wrapped in lotus leaves has a strong fragrance, and the porridge covered with it is light green and fragrant, which is a good summer heat.
Lotus has the function of relieving summer heat and stopping bleeding. Add glutinous rice and rock sugar to make lotus porridge, which can benefit qi and beauty. Lotus whiskers (stamens dry in the shade) clear the heart, strengthen the marrow, benefit the kidney and astringe the essence. It can be used with Tribulus terrestris and Oyster in Shayuan, or with Cornus officinalis and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata to treat nocturnal emission, black beard and hair and spermatorrhea.
Lotus root festival is a good medicine to stop bleeding. Using dry lotus root node or lotus root node charcoal as medicine has the functions of removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding and consolidating semen, and can be used to treat hemoptysis, hematuria, hematochezia and metrorrhagia.
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Third, beauty and bodybuilding.
"As long as she turns her head and smiles, there will be a hundred kinds of spells, and the makeup of the sixth palace will vanish." Yang Guifei, one of the four beauties in China, mixed white jade rice with pearl powder and ginseng powder, mixed it with lotus root starch to make a paste, and smeared it on her face to make her fat shine and keep her young.
All parts of lotus root, lotus root, lotus root powder, lotus leaf, lotus root, lotus leaf (including pollen) and lotus seed are all good products for beauty and bodybuilding.
1, eat and leave noodles. (1)7 lotus seeds (2.2g) were collected on July 7th, 8 lotus roots (2.5g) on August 8th and 9 lotus roots (2.8g) on September 9th, and screened in the shade. Each serving 1g, with warm wine (Taiqing Caomu Fang) (2) 220g lotus, 250g lotus root and 280g lotus seed. Steaming the casserole, drying in the sun, grinding into fine powder, refining honey into pills, and bottling for later use. Each time 10g, take it with boiled water for three days. ("Four Books on Body Health") (3) Psoralea corylifolia 120g, walnut kernel 120g, lotus seed meat 30g, fenugreek 120g, * * * ground into fine powder, and wine blended into pills, which are as big as buttonwood. 30 capsules each time, once a day on an empty stomach, can tonify kidney and help yang, beauty beauty. ("Puji Fang" Chunyang Hongzhuang Pill)
2, wrinkled white face. (1) 30g of lotus seeds, 30g of gordon euryales, 50g of coix seed, 8g of longan pulp and a proper amount of honey can be taken regularly after being decocted in water for one hour. (2) Take peach blossoms in spring, lotus flowers in summer and hibiscus flowers in autumn, no matter how much, and dry them in the shade. Boil soup with snow water in winter. In the season without snow water, you can boil soup with ice water and wash your face frequently, which can promote blood circulation, moisten and wrinkle, and delay skin aging. (Book of Secret Recipe, Sanhua Wrinkle Removing Liquid)
3. Change the surface to be black and dirty. 65,438+025g of pressed flowers, 65,438+025g of Flos Caryophylli, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum, Radix Aristolochiae, Clock Milk Powder, 65,438+05g of jade chips, Shu, Fructus Chaenomelis and Peach Blossoms, 65,438+05g of Moschus, 65,438+05g of Plum Blossom, Red Lotus, Cherry Blossom, and White Sunflower, and 400 ml of soybean powder are ground into powder and mixed. Hand washing is often used for makeup. (Chihiro)
4. Rough skin becomes delicate. Grind fresh radish, add lotus root starch and fresh egg yolk, mix well, put it on after washing your face, and then wash it off with warm water for 20 minutes.
5, nourishing blood and blackening hair. 60g of lotus plumule, 60g of rehmannia root, 60g of Sophora japonica and 60g of acanthopanax bark, and six stones. Mash the wooden mortar, put 5000 grams of medicine and good wine in a raw silk bag, put it in a clean jar, soak it in January, spring, summer, autumn and summer, seal the jar tightly, soak it for several days, and drink as much as you want. You must accept orders for several days in a row. ("Medical Mirror" is drunk Dan)
6, wake up with black hair. Picking tea and lotus seeds.
7, nourishing yin and kidney, strengthening bone marrow, nourishing blood and benefiting qi, moistening skin and blackening hair. (1) Lotus, Cornus officinalis 30g, Poria cocos, Radix Aucklandiae 60g, paper powder, Semen Cuscutae 160g, and walnut 250g, mashed into fine powder, and made into pills with honey, such as the size of phoenix tree, 70g each time, and taken with warm wine once a day. (Lingyangzi Muxiang Pill, Taiyi Hospital) (2) 250g of chrysanthemum seed, minced meat, Achyranthes bidentata, Angui, Ruby, summer paper, Chu Shi, Radix Rehmanniae, Fructus Lycii, Fructus Schisandrae, Semen Cuscutae, Semen Allii tuberosi, Radix Aconiti Lateralis lateralis Preparata, Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Radix Asparagi, Radix Morindae Officinalis and Semen Ziziphi Spinosae. Every time 10g, add salt soup.
8, women apply hair to treat hair loss. 30g of lotus roots (dried in the shade), 3g of Lysimachia christinae, 0/5g of Selaginella Selaginella leaves/kloc-,Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Xiongqiong, Radix Saposhnikoviae, finely cut, wrapped in cotton, 70g of raw Zanthoxylum bungeanum and 250g of raw sesame oil, and soaked in a new bottle. Buried in the ground for seven days, take it to apply. (The Medic's Treasure)
9. Seborrheic dermatitis (yellow erythema on scalp and face with greasy scales on the surface). 30g of hawthorn, 20g of dried lotus leaf/0/2g of kloc-0, add two bowls of clear water, fry to one bowl, and remove the dregs for drinking.
10, freckles, acne, wine thorn, rosacea and all spots on the face, promoting blood circulation and moisturizing. 360g of mung bean, 6g of fresh lotus petals (dried), 0g of talc15g, 0g of angelica dahurica15g, 0g of Rhizoma Typhonii15g, 6g of fine borneol and 6g of Lithuania. Grinding mung bean, sieving, removing shell, and mixing with other medicines to obtain fine powder. Borneol should be ground and mixed with other drugs, and then mixed gently to prevent re-agglomeration. Store it in a bottle for later use, and wipe it clean after washing your face.
1 1, yellow teeth are not white. Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Fructus Sophorae, Radix Rehmanniae, Mulu, Asari, Ecliptae Herba, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, dried lotus leaf, and green salt. File it up, put it in a pot and burn it. If there is smoke, store it properly. Weigh it with gauze, grind the green salt, mix it evenly, and then put it into the medicine. Brush your teeth every few times. Dip in medicine and brush your teeth. After a few mouthfuls, spit immediately, then rinse your mouth with warm water and use it in the morning. Whitening teeth, eliminating corruption, making teeth firm, gingival sulcus solid and dense, with black moustache and sideburns. According to legend, this is the tooth-brushing medicine of Chen Tuan, the "immortal" of the Five Dynasties. (Imperial Medical Hospital)
12, lose weight and keep fit. "The Essentials of Syndrome Treatment" said: "Taking lotus leaves makes people thin and feel inferior, and taking it alone can eliminate the edema of yang water." (1) lotus leaf ash to lose weight. Lotus leaves are burned, ground and eaten. (Keys to Syndrome Treatment) (2) Fresh lotus leaf soup or tea, daily 10g for one month, can effectively dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure and cholesterol, so it can lose weight, keep fit and prevent diseases such as hypertension. (3) Lotus leaf slimming tea: take fresh lotus leaf 100 slices, fry them into strips, and dry them, then mix raw hawthorn1000g, raw coix seed1000g and orange peel and pack them into100g. Brew a pack of tea with boiling water every day and start drinking it every morning. After drinking, continue to brew or put a bag into a thermos every day and boil water. It is generally effective. (4) Rose, jasmine, hawksbill flower, Ligusticum chuanxiong and lotus leaf, each 30g, * * * are ground into fine powder, 6g each time, once a day, placed in a teacup, brewed with boiling water and drunk from time to time. This prescription has the functions of widening chest, benefiting qi, inducing diuresis to reduce swelling, dilating blood vessels, reducing blood lipid and refreshing the brain. Anti-thrombosis and Ve deficiency, inhibiting platelet aggregation, fragrant smell, safe to take, is an ideal health drink to lose weight. ("Chinese patent medicine research" Sanhua slimming tea)
13, beauty lotus root juice. Lotus root 150g, lemon 20g, carrot 150g and apple 100g, juice, filter, add sugar or a little salt according to taste, and drink after 15 minutes. This prescription has the functions of eliminating fatigue and promoting metabolism. It can remove lactic acid and other wastes gathered in muscles, make muscles firm and firm, supplement essential qi and strengthen the body. In addition, it also has the functions of quenching thirst, stopping bleeding, relieving cough, stopping diarrhea and calming the nerves. Auxiliary functions such as fetal safety.
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Fourth, observe
Lotus, one of the top ten famous flowers in China, is not only colorful and fragrant, but also has strong adaptability. It can be widely planted in lakes, which is spectacular and can be potted in bottles. Since ancient times, precious aquatic flowers in palace gardens and private gardens have been more and more favored by people and widely used in modern landscape gardens.
& ltI > Lotus Waterscape
In the arrangement of lotus waterscape in the garden, we should first consider highlighting the main scene of lotus, and then match it with special buildings or other facilities to enjoy lotus, such as the wind and lotus scenic spot of "Quyuan Wind and Lotus" in Hangzhou; Another example is the Lotus Bridge on the Lotus Dike of Slender West Lake in Yangzhou. In the garden layout of lotus waterscape, we should also consider the local natural conditions and the biological characteristics of lotus, and adjust measures to local conditions. For example, the "Quyuan Fenghe" in Hangzhou is designed to use flaky to build weirs and ponds of different sizes and shapes underwater. Some are adjacent, some are connected, and naturally arranged. Each weir is planted with a variety of lotus varieties, and a weir retains most of the open water surface, allowing visitors to appreciate various kinds of flowers, leaves and fruits and their swaying reflections in the water, and also has a different artistic conception. In the overall layout of lotus waterscape, we must also consider the configuration of plants on the shore, so that the whole garden landscape can be integrated and the scenery can be changed in different seasons. The background plants in the lotus pond should generally consider the seasonal changes, and choose tall evergreen plants, such as Magnolia grandiflora, Pinus elliottii, Cedar, Cinnamomum camphora and so on. So as not to make winter seem too cold and depressing.
< Second > Lotus potted plants and bonsai
Lotus has a strong adaptability to the growing environment. It can not only spit red and wave green in lakes and ponds, but also be elegant and decorate the world in small pots and bowls.
In the history of Dutch culture in China, the form of potted lotus was originally used for private courtyard viewing. Nowadays, potted lotus is widely used in gardens all over China. The combination of potted plants and pond planting improves the ornamental value of potted lotus, which often appears in garden waterscape and garden sketches. Lotus waterstone bonsai is a new kind of bonsai in Hangzhou in recent years. It is an organic combination of lotus potted plants and water stone potted plants, which not only reflects the firmness and straightness of rocks, but also shows the delicate and charming lotus flowers. Lotus bonsai can choose coral stone, sand stone, axe stone, English stone and other rocks as materials.
& lt Third > Lotus Flower Arrangement
Chinese flower arrangement began in the Six Dynasties and originated from offering flowers before the Buddha. As the sacred flower of Buddhism, it can be said that arranging flowers facilitates the lotus to form an indissoluble bond when it rises. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, offering flowers was still the main form of flower arrangement. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the art of flower arrangement developed greatly. At this time, the depth and skill of lotus flower arrangement rose to a new height, which can be called the heyday of ancient flower arrangement art in China. Today, people have made more in-depth research on lotus flower arrangement. Not only the materials such as lotus, lotus leaf, lotus root and lotus fruit are widely used in flower arrangement, but also the ornamental effects of these materials are scientifically compared. It is generally appropriate to choose small and medium-sized varieties for lotus flower arrangement, and it is also appropriate to match branches, leaves and fruits of other plants, so as to strive for bright colors and bright composition, and the ornamental effect can last for 3-4 days.