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Pyrrosia, also known as sarcophagus, stone bark, Venus grass, etc. , a perennial herb of Polypodiaceae, the whole grass height is 13 ~ 30 cm. Born in rocks or trees in Shan Ye. Distributed in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places. It has the effects of diuresis and stranguria, and clearing away lung heat. Can be used for stranguria, hematuria, urinary calculi, nephritis, metrorrhagia, dysentery, cough due to lung heat, chronic tracheitis, abscess, carbuncle, etc.
catalogue
1 factory properties
2 Chinese medicine properties
Drug name
Basic source of drugs
Collection time
Medicinal material characters
deal with
Sexual taste orientation
Functional indication
dosage
Drug treatment should be avoided.
3 Modern research
major constituent
pharmacological action
clinical application
4 Traditional selection
1 factory properties
plant morphology
① Pyrrosia, also known as "Flying Sword" (textual research on plant name), lung heart grass, centipede seven, seven-star sword, seven-star sword, one arrow, mountain wood blade, centipede on wood, lung muscle grass, snake tongue wind and stone stiffness.
Pyrrosia (7 tablets)
Perennial herb, 13 ~ 30 cm tall.
Rhizomes slender, transverse, densely covered with dark brown lanceolate scales; Roots whisker-like, dark brown, densely scaly.
Ye Shusheng; The petiole is 6 ~ 15 cm long, slightly quadrangular, with nodes at the base and stellate hairs; Leaf blade is lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 7-20cm long and 1.5-3cm wide, the apex is gradually pointed, the base is gradually narrowed, slightly downward, the whole leaf is leathery, the upper surface is green, with fine spots, sparse or hairless stellate hairs, and the lower surface is densely covered with light brown stellate hairs, with obvious main veins and slightly visible lateral veins.
Sporocysts are oval, scattered on all or upper parts of leaves, arranged between lateral veins, and there are stellate hairs between each sporangium. Sporocysts are hidden in the stellate hairs and are light brown without integuments. Sporangium has a long stalk; Spores are dimorphic.
Born in rocks or trees in Shan Ye.
Distributed in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
(2) Pyrrosia Lushan, also known as Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Caotianhe in Dalian and Pteris sagittata.
25 ~ 60 cm high.
Rhizomes are thick and short, densely covered with small long lanceolate scales, and ciliated leaves at the edges are nearly tufted; Petiole length 10 ~ 80 cm, stout, covered with brown or light brown stellate hair when young; The leaves are lanceolate in width,10 ~ 30m2 in length and 3 ~ 6.5cm in width. The apex gradually tapers and the base is slightly wider. They are ear-shaped, round, heart-shaped, round wedge-shaped or oblique, and sometimes the upper side of the ear tip is green as a whole with black spots. At first, they were sparsely covered with stellate hairs, and then gradually became smooth, with dense light brown stars below.
Ascomycetes are scattered under the leaves, light brown or dark brown, without capsule; Spores are dimorphic.
Born on a rock in Shan Ye.
Distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
(3) Pyrrosia felta is very similar to Pyrrosia lushan, and the main differences are as follows: the leaves of this species are covered with thick and loose dark brown star-awns, which are slender, needle-like or linear and not on the same plane; Petiole is usually longer than leaf.
Born on a rock in Shan Ye.
Distributed in Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Tibet and other places.
④ Pyrrosia longipedunculata, also known as Pyrrosia longipedunculata and Pyrrosia longipedunculata.
The height is only 6 ~ 17 cm.
Rhizomes are slender, densely covered with lanceolate scales, with slightly curled cilia at the edge.
Petiole length is 3.5 ~ 1 1 cm, with star-shaped hairs; Leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, broadly lanceolate or oblong, 2.5-9.5 cm long and 9-28 mm wide, with blunt apex, base extending down to petiole, entire, green with black spots on the top, sparsely stellate hairs on the bottom, short awn and inconspicuous veins; Spore leaves are longer than vegetative leaves and usually roll into a cylinder.
Sporocysts are fused, all under the leaves, dark brown, without capsule.
Born on a rock in Shan Ye.
Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi and other places.
⑤ Pyrrosia Beijing 10 ~ 25cm high.
Rhizomes are thin and covered with dark brown scales.
Petiole 2.5 ~ 9 cm long, stellate hair; Leaf blade is linear or linear-lanceolate, 6 ~ 15 cm long and 6 ~ 15 mm wide, the apex is tapered, the base is tapered, the top is green, with fine spots, sparse white stellate hairs or no hairs, and the bottom is densely covered with gray or light brown stellate hairs; Leaves slightly rolled in, but no matter what.
Sporocysts are mostly scattered in the lower and upper parts of leaves, dark brown and without capsule.
Born on a rock in Shan Ye.
Distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other places.
⑥ Pyrrosia southwest is very similar to Pyrrosia Beijing. The main difference is that the leaves of this species are covered with thick and loose dark brown stellate hairs, and their awns are long, needle-shaped and slightly shiny.
Born on a rock in Shan Ye.
Distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and Hubei.
The roots (roots of Pyrrosia) and hairs (hairs of Pyrrosia) on the leaves of the above plants also have the function of medicine, each of which has its own detailed articles.
2 Chinese medicine properties
Drug name
Pyrrosia-Chinese herbal medicine
Shi Zan, Shi Pi, Bielu, Wei Shi, Jin, Shi Lan, Shenggua Bone, Rainbow Sword Grass, Stone Sword, Tan Jian and Golden Spoon.
Basic source of drugs
It is the leaf of Polypodiaceae plant Pyrrosia, Pyrrosia Lushan, Pyrrosia verticillata, Pyrrosia longipedunculata, Pyrrosia Beijing or Pyrrosia Southwest.
Collection time
It can be harvested in spring, summer and autumn. Remove roots and fibrous roots, and dry in the sun.
Medicinal material characters
(1) Pyrrosia macrophylla-Pyrrosia macrophylla: the petiole is nearly cylindrical, brown or brown-black, 6 ~ 15 cm long, with longitudinal grooves and hairless or sparse stellate hairs; The leaves are twisted and wrinkled. When unfolded, it is lanceolate, 7-20cm long and1.5-3cm wide. The apex is acuminate, the leaf base is wedge-shaped to round, and the leaves are full. Leaves are brown or grayish brown, hairless or sparsely stellate, with black pits, densely covered with pinkish stellate hairs on the back and red spots in the center. The branches of hair are short and thick, and some leaves are almost completely covered by spores.
Leaf blade leathery, slightly brittle and easily broken.
No breath, light taste.
Pyrrosia Erlu: similar to Pyrrosia, but with long petiole and hairless; The leaves are shriveled, large and oblong-lanceolate, and the base of the leaves is broadly wedge-shaped, round, nearly heart-shaped or slightly ear-shaped, which is obviously asymmetrical. Stellate hairs on the back have thick branches, and some leaves have brown round sporangium groups, which are arranged about 60 parallel to the midvein, almost all over the leaves, and there are often red shiny sporangium bands.
The skin is thick, hard and brittle.
No gas, slightly bitter taste.
Pyrrosia trifoliate: the petiole has several longitudinal grooves and is hairy; The leaves are twisted and wrinkled, lanceolate, cuneate to broadly cuneate at the base, symmetrical, with gray-brown stellate hairs on the back, slender hair branches, and sporangium groups on the upper part of some leaves.
Cortical, slightly hard.
No breath, light taste.
② Pyrrosia microphylla-Pyrrosia longipedunculata: the petiole is covered with brown stellate hairs, 1 longitudinal shallow grooves with dense hairs inside; Leaves curled into a tube shape, broadly lanceolate to oblong lanceolate, 3 ~ 9 cm long, blunt apex, wedge-shaped leaf base, entire, gray-brown leaves, hairless or sparsely stellate hairs, scattered small black pits, densely covered with pink-brown stellate hairs with red spots in the center on the back, short and thick branches, obvious midvein and no obvious lateral veinlets.
Thin leather.
No gas, slightly bitter taste.
Pyrrosia: the petiole is flat, slender and twisted, and hairy; The leaves are twisted and wrinkled, linear-lanceolate or nearly linear, and the leaf base is narrow and wedge-shaped, extending to the edge of petiole; The leaf surface is light yellow-green, hairless, the back is densely covered with thin gray-brown stellate hairs, the branches of the hairs are slender, and almost all or most of the leaves have sporangia on the back.
Thin leather.
No gas, slightly bitter taste.
Pyrrosia: It is similar to Pyrrosia Beijing, except that the back of the leaves is covered with thick and loose star-shaped hairs, and the branches of the hairs are long, needle-shaped, dark brown and slightly shiny.
Among the above two medicinal materials, Pyrrosia macrophylla has large leaves, thick quality and good back hair; Pyrrosia microphylla leaves are thick, neat and clean.
Location: Zhejiang, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu and other places.
In addition, it is also produced in Shandong, Liaoning, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Anhui.
Among them, Pyrrosia macrophylla produced in Zhejiang, Hubei and Jiangsu has the best quality.
deal with
Pick out impurities, wash off sediment, brush off fluff, cut into sections and dry in the sun.
(1) "Do not record": Use it to remove yellow hair.
② "Rihuazi Materia Medica": When used as medicine to remove stems, it should be used sparingly.
One way is to fry the sheep oil dry.
Sexual taste orientation
Bitterness is sweet and cold.
1 classic: bitter and flat.
2 "no recording": sweet and nontoxic.
③ Theory of medicinal properties: slight cold.
④ Guizhou herbs: pungent and flat in nature.
Enter the lung meridian and bladder meridian.
① Southern Yunnan herbs: entering the small intestine meridian.
② "Leigongpao Pharmaceutical Solution": Entering the lung and bladder meridian.
Functional indication
Diuresis for stranguria and clearing away lung heat.
Treat stranguria, hematuria, urinary calculi, nephritis, metrorrhagia, dysentery, cough due to lung heat, chronic tracheitis, abscess and carbuncle.
(1) Classic: Stress on pathogenic factors caused by fatigue and heat, obstruction of five qi, which is beneficial to urinary tract.
② "Don't record": stop annoying lower qi, relieve bladder fullness, make up five pains, keep five internal organs safe, eliminate evil wind and benefit essence.
3 "Rihuazi Materia Medica": Treating stranguria.
4 "Materia Medica": stir-fry, cool wine and adjust clothes, and cure hair and back.
⑤ "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": Stop the pain of jade stalks.
⑥ Outline: Treat metrorrhagia, golden sore and clear lung qi.
⑦ Textual research on plant name: curing phlegm fire and steaming lean meat.
⑧ Mindong Herbs: Treating dysentery.
dosage
Oral administration: decoction, 1.5 ~ 3 yuan; Or turned into powder.
Drug treatment should be avoided.
People with yin deficiency and no damp-heat should not take it.
① Notes on Materia Medica: talc and almond make it.
Dechang Pu Liang.
2 "Materia Medica from the New": Don't talk to people who don't have damp heat.
3 "should be herbal": those with true yin deficiency are prohibited.
3 Modern research
major constituent
The whole grass of pyrrosia, pyrrosia longipedunculata and pyrrosia Lushan contains flavonoids, and the whole grass of pyrrosia also contains saponins, anthraquinone and tannins. β-sitosterol, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Isoquercitrin, Trifolin, Chlorogenic Acid and Sucrose were isolated from Folium Pyrrosiae. The whole plant of Pyrrosia also contains phenols, resins and saponins. The whole plant of Pyrrosia Lushan also contains fructose, glucose, sucrose, organic acids and phenolic compounds. In addition, fumaric acid, caffeic acid and isomangiferin were also separated.
chemical composition
Contains triterpenes, saponins, anthraquinones, flavonoids and beta-sitosterol.
pharmacological action
1. antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects. Oral administration of various extracts from Pyrrosia Lushan Mountain has obvious antitussive effect on sulfur dioxide cough mice, but it is not as good as codeine. Oral or intraperitoneal injection has obvious expectorant effect (phenol red method); However, all the extracts have no obvious antiasthmatic effect. Animal experiments show that Lushan Mountain has therapeutic effect on chronic bronchitis in rats.
The concentrated extract of pyrrosia has obvious antitussive effect on mice (ammonia induced cough).
3. Other effects In vitro experiments show that Pyrrosia has good antibacterial activity against Shigella, especially against Shigella, typhoid, paratyphoid A and paratyphoid B, and also has certain inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus and Escherichia coli.
Shiwei decoction also has a certain diuretic effect.
clinical application
① For the treatment of bronchial asthma, the whole herb of pyrrosia is 5 yuan every day, 10 ~ 15 years old, 12 years old, 16 years old.
Add 1000 ml of water every two times, decoct into 300 ml, add 1 crystal sugar while it is hot, and take it three times, with three days as a course of treatment.
Observation 1 1 case, wheezing disappeared in 7 cases, relieved in 2 cases and unchanged in 2 cases after taking the medicine.
Most asthma symptoms began to subside on the day of taking the medicine, and other symptoms disappeared on the second or third day, but they often recurred after stopping taking the medicine, and the shortest recurrence time was 2 weeks.
It is still effective to treat it with the same method when it recurs.
② In the treatment of chronic tracheitis, single Shiwei Lushan decoction, granules, pure fossil Weilushan 4 10 syrup and compound Shiwei Lushan granules were used for clinical observation, and all of them achieved different degrees of efficacy, among which Shiwei Lushan 4 10 syrup was satisfactory.
One decoction: fresh whole grass of Pyrrosia Lushan Mountain 1.6 twice a day (the whole grass is used in the first course of treatment, and the hair, petiole and main vein are removed in the second course of treatment), 300 ml of water is added for the first decoction, and then boiled for 20 minutes; For the second time, add 150 ml water, and boil for 20min.
Mix the two decoctions, filter with 8 layers of gauze, and take them twice.
Efficacy: 1 course of treatment: 2 1 case, with an effective rate of 47.6%, of which 1 case is remarkable.
16 cases after two courses of treatment, the effective rate was 87.5%, of which 1 case was remarkable.
The main side effects were heart disease, retrosternal discomfort, hunger, increased urine output and dizziness, and the symptoms disappeared after drug withdrawal.
The second pill: three times a day, each time 1 package, equivalent to 1 package.
After treatment 1 17 cases, the effective rate was 47% after one course of treatment, of which 12 cases were markedly effective, 43 cases were improved and 62 cases were ineffective. The effective rate of the two courses was 57.6%, among which 3 cases were recently controlled, 22 cases were markedly effective, 39 cases were improved and 47 cases were ineffective.
After three or four courses of treatment, the effective rate can be improved to 87.5% and 82%, and the obvious effective rate can be improved to 46.2 ~ 5 1%.
It shows that prolonging the course of treatment can improve the curative effect.
Purified Pyrrosia 4 10 syrup: every time 15 ml (equivalent to 1.5 ml crude drug) twice a day, 10 day is a course of treatment, and * * * takes two courses of treatment.
After 40 cases were treated, 365438 0 cases (78.2%) were effective in the first course of treatment, of which 65438 06 cases (40%) were markedly effective. The effective rate of 36 patients who continued to take the second course of treatment was 88.9%, and the remarkable effective rate was 55.6%.
Individual patients take it three times a day, and the curative effect is more obvious.
Four kinds of compound pyrrosia granules: pyrrosia Lushan 15, and Jiangxi Herba Schizonepetae 12, are decocted into thick juice, dried and made into powder, and added with appropriate amount of sugar powder, and taken with boiling water three times a day.
10 day is a course of treatment.
* * * 278 cases were treated and 200 cases were effective (72%); Among them, recent control 13 cases, significant effect 5 1 case (23%).
Most patients take effect after 2 ~ 3 days.
In the process of using various dosage forms of Pyrrosia, especially purifying Pyrrosia 4 10 syrup, it was found that Pyrrosia had good expectorant effect. General treatment 1 ~ 2 days, the amount of sputum decreased, the viscosity decreased, and the expectoration turned cold.
This creates favorable conditions for improving ventilation function, preventing secondary infection, thus reducing the damage to tissues and cells and promoting the healing of lesions.
The antitussive effect of compound pyrrosia (compatible with Herba Epimedii) is better than that of single pyrrosia, but both of them have poor antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Squeeze the whole plant of Pyrrosia to remove hair and spores, then add water to decoct and make syrup.
Take 1 ~ 4 days with 1 crude drug three times a day.
From day 5 to day 10, the daily dose was doubled.
The dose was taken on days 1 1 ~ 15 and 1 ~ 4.
Treatment of severe patients over 50 years old 12 cases, including asthma in 8 cases, effective in 5 cases, basically cured in 2 cases, markedly effective 1 case, and improved in 2 cases. Simple type 4 cases, effective 1 case.
It shows that Shiwei syrup has a good effect on asthma patients.
③ A decoction for the treatment of acute and chronic nephritis and pyelonephritis: Take about 20 leaves of Folium Pyrrosiae (equivalent to 2-3g), add 500- 1000ml of water, once a day 1 dose, and decoct in water twice.
It can also be soaked in boiling water as tea.
Two tablets: each tablet contains 0.5g of crude drug, 2-3 tablets each time, 3 times a day.
39 cases of acute glomerulonephritis were treated, 36 cases were effective; 20 cases of pyelonephritis, effective 17 cases.
It was observed that the urine volume increased and the edema gradually subsided after taking the medicine for 2 ~ 3 days.
For chronic glomerulonephritis, it usually takes about 3 months as a course of treatment, and the course of treatment for acute glomerulonephritis is about 10 day.
4 Traditional selection
① Treatment of bloody stranguria: Pyrrosia, Angelica sinensis, Pollen Typhae and Radix Paeoniae Alba are equally divided.
The four flavors are sieved, and the wine is taken in square inches, three times a day.
("Qianjinfang" Shiwei Powder) 2 Treatment of turbid urine and blood: Shiwei, bristle grass and Gleditsia sinensis are five yuan each, simmering water.
("Guizhou Materia Medica") ③ Stone drenching treatment: Pyrrosia (depilation) and talc each scored three points.
There are two flavors, both of which are smashed into powder. If it is honey, take one tablet with rice juice twice a day.
(Shiwei Powder recorded in ancient and modern times) ④ Treatment of urinary calculi: one or two of Folium Pyrrosiae and Plantago, five yuan of raw Gardenia, and San Qian of licorice.
Decoct in water twice, and take it once in the morning and once in the evening.
(Nanchang Medicine (1): 14, 1972) ⑤ Heat is accumulated in the heart meridian and scattered in the small intestine. At first, the urine was slightly astringent, red and yellow, and gradually became impassable. Abdominal swelling: Pyrrosia (depilation, filing) and Plantago (also possible) are equally divided.
Drink with thick boiled juice.
("Quansheng Finger Fan Fang" Shiwei Decoction) 3 Treatment of dysentery: Ten flavors have yin grass, decocted in water, and take rock sugar for five yuan before meals.
("Mindong Materia Medica") ⑦ Treatment of leakage in collapse: Ten flavors are the last, and San Qian and warm wine are taken every time.
("Outline") 8 Treatment of cough: Pyrrosia (depilation), betel nut (file) and so on.
On the second taste, Luo is fine powder, and ginger soup is mixed with two coins. Nine treatments for chronic tracheitis: ten flavors, dandelion, foxtail grass and goldenrod.
Decoct in water, concentrate, and taking twice.
(Selected Data of Conquering Chronic Bronchitis by Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 30, 197 1) Indicating dysuria.
Divide Pyrrosia, Talcum, etc. into powder, take a pinch of each and take it with water.
⑾ There is blood before defecation.
Grind pyrrosia into powder and decoct it with eggplant branches for two yuan.
⑿ cough due to heat of qi.
Folium Pyrrosiae and Arecae Semen are divided into powder, each serving of 2 yuan and ginger soup.
[13] Leakage in the crash.
Take pyrrosia as the final research and take San Qian with warm wine every time.