Hongzhi zhongxing
Ming Xianzong died in 1487. Prince Zhu Youtang acceded to the throne and changed his name to Hongzhi. Zhu Youtang was Emperor Xiaozong. After Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, he tried to reverse the political corruption of Xianzong, expel his henchmen, arrest Li Zisheng and Liang Fang, assistant ministers, and get rid of his henchmen. Dismantle and eliminate officials, recall more than 1000 people, such as Ren Jie and assistant minister Jigang, and punish their crimes. Remove the titles of king of France, Buddha, Buddha, real person, etc. Execute the demon monk Ji Xiao. Appoint talents and promote Xu Pu, Liu Jian, Li Dongyang and Xie Qian to participate in confidential affairs. Advocate outspoken suggestions, revise provinces repeatedly, seek outspoken opinions, and make officials speak bluntly. Pay attention to thrift, reduce and exempt the materials supplied, and save various expenses. Filial piety is diligent in political affairs and has repeatedly reduced or exempted grain taxes in disaster areas. It is forbidden for courtiers to ask about official business, and it is forbidden for imperial clan and officials to occupy land and the interests of the people. Attach importance to justice, let all departments in the world record felons and handle criminal cases carefully. In the 13th year of Hongzhi (1500), the Regulations on Asking for Punishment was formulated. Fifteen years, "Daming Hui Dian" was completed. Filial piety reign 18 years. During his reign, social contradictions eased, the ruling class was relatively stable, and foreign invasion was pacified, which is known as Hongzhi Zhongxing in history.
In the 18th year of Hongzhi (1505), he died in Ganqing Palace on May 7th, at the age of 36, and was honored as "the most sincere and upright Ming Dow saint SHEN WOO, the most merciful emperor". It is said that filial piety is due to an unexpected cold. Eunuch, ambassador of imperial hospital, judge of hospital Liu, Gao Tinghe and others prescribed medicine without consultation, which caused Xiaozong to take medicine by mistake and die of nosebleeds. Tailing was buried on1October19th.
Filial piety was the only virtuous monarch who made great efforts in the middle of Ming Dynasty. After he ascended the throne, he first laid off eunuchs and unfortunate ministers, and eunuchs, Wan Fei and their henchmen were all punished. Destroyed more than 2000 missionaries; Send away more than 240 people such as Zen masters and real people: recover 780 people such as Buddhists and Buddhists and send them back to their homeland. He also adjusted the cabinet team and removed the cabinet ministers who were ignorant and attached to power, such as Wan 'an and Yin Zhi.
Ren Xian
During the reign of Xiaozong, he was diligent in political affairs and selected good ministers. At that time, Xu Kun, Liu Jian, Li Dongyang, Xie Qian, Wang Shu, Ma Wensheng and others (including Liu Daxia and Yang Yiqing later) were honest and clean ministers who played a great role in Hongzhi. Filial piety often calls cabinet ministers to Wenhua Hall, so that everyone can discuss the minister's chapter, write a batch of words, and then correct and issue them themselves. Therefore, Li Dongyang, the cabinet minister, said happily: "For more than 30 years since Tianshun, the emperor summoned the minister and asked only one or two words. Now he has repeatedly asked questions and discussed them in detail. This is unprecedented!" In the thirteenth year of Hongzhi (1500), Liu Jian, a university student, said that it was dark the day after the separation of the late dynasty, and the documents sent from all over the country were often piled up in cabinets, so it was too late to deal with them. If there are disasters in all directions, alarms and other things in all directions, there will be delays. Therefore, Xiaozong specially convened relevant ministers to discuss on the platform twice every day, except in the morning and evening. Since then, there has been a new way of "platform summons".
Dai Chen
Filial piety is generous and peaceful to liegeman. In the early generation, filial piety served as a royal gate, and the minister said something and played it from the left and right corridors. Some ministers slipped on the ground and lost their manners. Filial piety never asks questions, nor does he correct mistakes in his notes. After the banquet, he also comforted the rude officials not to let them panic. One winter, Xiao Zong was sitting in the palace at night, feeling cold, and asked the officials around him, "Are there any officials on their way home now?" The left and right answers: "Yes." He added, "It's cold and dark here. What can you do if you are a poor official and come home without a light? " Then the imperial edict issued, ordering officials in Beijing to come back at night in the future, regardless of their positions, to order the troops to spread out and carry lights. Although these things are not big, it is not easy for a feudal emperor to be so obedient.
Diligent and thrifty
Filial piety can also be frugal in life. In the first year of Hongzhi (1488), Lu, North Korea's envoy to the Ming Dynasty, once said to korean king, "The first emperor (Xianzong) used his personal meaning, but now the emperor (Xiaozong) has made a righteous annotation. I don't like playing with things. Although Melissa Zhou didn't waste the court meeting, all the court ministers mourned, but I sacrificed to heaven in yellow robes, and I didn't play music or juggle at the comfort banquet, so I advised the bed to put flowers instead of hairpin. Generally speaking, the first emperor abused everything. " Xianzong liked to wear fine red cloth clothes made by Songjiang Prefecture before his death, and sent thousands more horses there every year. Although this kind of fabric is called cloth, it is actually made of fine wool. Xiaozong was still a prince at that time, and the chamberlain sent him new clothes. He said: "The clothes sewn with this cloth are worth several brocade forged clothes. It is too wasteful to wear it. " Thank you for not using it. When he became emperor, he ordered to stop weaving this kind of cloth for the palace.
marry
Xiaozong experienced ups and downs since he was a child, and he had a narrow escape. So after he acceded to the throne, he was clean and wise, especially in his private life. Throughout his life, there is only one queen Zhang, and there are no other concubines. Xiaowen and Queen Zhang are friends in need and loving couples. They must sleep together every day, reading poetry and painting, listening to the piano and watching dance, talking about the past and discussing the present, and taking photos with * * * *. This casual move has created a special record through the ages, and it is also one of the evidences of Zhu Youtang as a wise king.
Chinese Kung Fu
In addition, in martial arts, filial piety has also made achievements. He defeated Turpan, recovered the land west of Jiayuguan and managed Hami. Xiaozong also built the Great Wall to resist Mongolia.
Due to filial piety, the phenomenon of eunuch's disorderly administration was weakened, and some measures were taken to develop the economy and save the crisis to ease social contradictions, resulting in a relatively stable period, rapid social and economic development and clear politics. History is called "Hongzhi Zhongxing".
Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty
(6 BC ~ 57 AD)
The founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Uncle Wen. Nanyang (now southwest of Zaoyang, Hubei Province) was the grandson of Liu Bang IX, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and his father Qin was the prefect of Nan 'an. The name of the temple is the ancestor, Emperor Guangwu. After the uprising of Chimei and Lvlin broke out, in the third year of Emperor Huang (AD 22), in order to restore Liu's rule, he and his brother revolted in Fuling (now Zaoyang South, Hubei) and formed the "Fuling Army". In the fourth year of Emperor Huang, Liu Xiu made great contributions to the Battle of Kunyang. After Liu Xuanbei made Luoyang his capital, Liu Xiu was sent to Fuzhou County, Hebei Province. The powerful landlords in Hebei led clans, guests and children to join Liu Xiu one after another and became his powerful pillar.
Since then, Liu Xiu refused to listen to the mobilization of the regime. In the autumn of the same year, the peasant uprising army in Hebei Province was disintegrated and incorporated, and it grew in strength. Therefore, Kansai called Liu Xiu "Emperor of the Bronze Horse". Soon, it completely broke with the restart system. In June of the first year of Jianwu (AD 25), with the support of his ministers, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor in (now Baixiangbei, Hebei Province), rebuilt the Han regime, and soon made Luoyang his capital, known as the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. In the third year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu defeated the red-eyed peasant army and controlled the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Six years, the Kanto unification, Hexi Dou Rong attached. In the ninth and twelfth years of Jianwu, Tianshui and Bashu were successively settled. 12 years later, Liu Xiu finally completed the great cause of reunification.
After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu first devoted himself to rectifying the bureaucracy and strengthening the centralization of absolutism. Although he portrayed the hero as a hero and gave him a rich title, he forbade them to interfere in political affairs. The power of princes and consorts is also restricted in many ways. On the administrative system, on the one hand, Liu Xiu further suppressed the three powers, so that all government affairs of the country passed through the bookshelf and finally the emperor was in charge; On the other hand, strengthen the supervision system, improve the authority and status of critical officials, such as Zhong Cheng, Li Si, a captain and secretary history. More than 400 counties across the country were also merged, and the official position was reduced to110. At the same time, Liu Xiu also took many measures to stabilize people's livelihood and restore the broken social economy. In the sixth year of Jianwu, the old system of thirty taxes and one tax was restored. Compared with the late Western Han Dynasty and the war period, the burden of feudal servitude in the early Eastern Han Dynasty was reduced. He issued imperial edicts nine times before and after to release slaves or improve their legal status, so that a large number of slaves were rescued from Shu Ren, refugees returned to the countryside and promoted production. The period of his rule is called "Zhongxing" in history.
In the fifteenth year of Jianwu, in view of the serious phenomenon of "over-the-field house system" and concealing land accounts at that time, Liu Xiu ordered the whole country to inspect land accounts. On the contrary, in the process of inventory, "most of them are deceptive, unpractical and nuclear", "superior arrogance and aggressive weakness". As a result, farmers all over the country rebelled, and powerful people in the county also took the opportunity to make trouble. In this regard, Liu Xiu took different countermeasures. The struggle against peasants is divided and suppressed. After executing more than a dozen county magistrates who made fake fields, they ordered to stop farming and give in to powerful landlords. At the end of his reign, Emperor Guangwu "declared that he wanted to be a prophet of the world", in an attempt to use the mixture of Confucianism and divination theology as an ideological weapon to strengthen the control of people's thoughts.