Lv's Spring and Autumn Thoughts 1 Lv's Spring and Autumn Period is a miscellaneous work compiled by the prime minister of Qin at the end of the Warring States Period (about 22 BC1year). The purpose is to find a theoretical basis for the establishment of a unified feudal centralization of authority, the so-called Lu Lan. It was written in 239 BC, just before Qin unified the six countries.
Before I read the book Lv Chunqiu, I was very interested in the character Lv Buwei in the materials, and I really wanted to know what kind of person he was, and he could organize the compilation of the book Lv Chunqiu, which has been handed down through the ages. Of course, some of the materials are anecdotes and some are historical records, but I still have a general understanding of Lv Buwei. I think Lv Buwei is actually a real businessman. He pursues the maximization of interests in his work. He only cares about interests and shows no mercy. Therefore, he can do whatever it takes. For example, Zi Chu, an aristocrat of the Qin Dynasty who was born in Zhao, was found to have "strange goods to live in". Therefore, he decided to engage in political speculation and planned to support this "Zhu Qinsun" to obtain the right to inherit the throne. Zi Chu ascended the throne as king of Qin Zhuang, and Lv Buwei as prime minister, and was named Wen Xin Hou, eating 6,543,800 households in Luoyang, and his political investment was rewarded. Three years later, King Xiang of Qin Zhuang died, and Prince Ying Zheng became the king, later Qin Shihuang. Lv Buwei is the prime minister, known as "Guan Zhong". Although there are only a few words in the history books, I think we can imagine Lv Buwei's practices and means in the process of obtaining these "achievements" according to his background, personality and other factors. However, despite the diabolical means, when Qin monopolized the political power 12, Lv Buwei adopted the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near", and vigorously developed commerce at home, greatly enhancing the national strength of Qin and making its trade prosperous. It should be said that when Lv Buwei was in power, the unification of Qin was a foregone conclusion. Later, a unified and centralized Qin Dynasty was established, and Lv Buwei was one of the well-deserved founders. However, it is precisely because of his great ability that he has laid a curse for himself. He knew very well that the new emperor would die as soon as he ascended the throne, so he also opposed it. Of course, he has his own ambition to be an emperor.
Lv Buwei's ambition is equivalent to that of the emperor. I think it can be reflected in many places. For example, during his photo shoot, there were 3,000 diners and 10000 servants. Isn't it disloyal to attract public guests so wantonly? There are also folklore about Qin Shihuang's lineage. It is rumored that Qin Shihuang was the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei. I think Lv Buwei just wanted to vilify Qin Shihuang and improve his position. His mind is very clear. I think Lv Buwei didn't want to unify the State of Qin before the same period, but wanted to enhance his influence among the people, gain the support of folk ideology and culture for himself as an emperor, and get a reasonable statement for his dictatorship. For example, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals advocates the promotion of "righteous soldiers". "Just arrived, and the people of neighboring countries returned to the running water. If the people's expectations of the country are parents, they will stay away and they will win the support of the people. " ("Huai Chong") "Lv Chunqiu" believes that it is meaningless and wrong to blindly oppose war. A just war, that is, a war that "has no way to attack the unjust", can not only eliminate violence, but also win the heartfelt support of the people. In fact, this is a defense for Qin's war to unify China. There are also stories about the son of heaven, such as "Listen" in "Zhou Shi's disaster, the son of heaven is dead, and chaos is greater than no son of heaven". In "Hug a Hug", "There must be a son of heaven in the world, and if there is one, it is also embarrassing. One cure, two chaos. " Just to give a reasonable explanation to the king of Qin, so as to achieve the goal of unifying the world, these can also be said to be Lv Buwei's consideration for the state of Qin, but the statement of "governing by doing nothing" in Lv Chunqiu means that governing by doing nothing is also necessary for the way of monarch. He said, "A monarch has nothing false, so he can make everyone wise." Wisdom opposes incompetence, so it can make many people capable. If you can't do anything, you can make everyone do it. No wisdom, incompetence, inaction, what this gentleman did. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals also has the idea of" doing nothing and doing everything ",saying:" The Great Sage has nothing to do and does his best. ""good is king, tired of discussing people, worrying about governing things. "Lu Chunqiu believes that this superficial" inaction "can achieve the purpose of" governing the country by preserving things. " These are all Lv Buwei's own dictatorial excuses! It can even be said that it is the right of the emperor to talk about "media propaganda" for him to ascend to the throne.
My evaluation of Lv Buwei is: he has made indelible contributions to the great cause of Qin reunification and is a hero; 12 dictatorial and even ambitious, wanting to be emperor. And his professional ability and vision are admirable. There are always different opinions about the historical evaluation of Lu Chunqiu. After reading it, I admire the wisdom of the ancients and have many feelings and ideas, but I feel that what I want to write most is my personal opinion of Lv Buwei. I don't want to deny Lu Chunqiu, but to write my own views on its organizers and editors.
I read Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and recently read Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals. It was awkward at first, almost getting better and better, but I couldn't stop. Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals was written by his disciples, and a hundred schools of thought contended and adopted and used by them. Who's Lv Buwei? What's the point of writing this book? I don't care about my life, just a businessman. It is famous for its "exotic goods to live in". It is expensive for Qin Xiang, status and respect, and it is worth making this book. Think twice before you act, and you will realize something. Although I have speculated and said it, it is all in vain.
What you want is nothing more than profit. This "profit" is not for the benefit, but for the country. "Lu Shi" adopts a hundred schools of thought to contend at the same time, which is not a monograph of one school, not for the glory of nostalgia. Its purpose is pragmatic and practical, assisting the monarch and governing the world for the benefit. Try to say it.
"Meng Chun" in Mencius, the ceremony is not for reasoning, but a tutorial of the king's salute, which records in detail the place where the king performed the ceremony, the place where he saluted and the time of his death. There are many noble spirits in "Great Music", "Good Music", "Suitable Music" and "Making Music", and they listen to the theory of danger to the country and chaos, while the exhortation lies in Taoism, which has become a good seducer. This theory of rites and music is not for Confucius and Mencius, but a visible warning, an audible warning, an ambition to guide the words and deeds of the king based on reality, and good words and good strategies.
"Yesterday, the holy king ruled the world first, and he must be the first male, and the male level the world. Equal to the public. " "The world is not a person's world, but a person's world." The advantage of this statement lies in vigilance. Gains and losses, taking and giving up, good and evil, benevolence and violence, righteousness and poison are all in one thought, whether for Shang and Zhou Dynasties or Western Zhou Dynasties. Although bitter, it's true. Other chapters, such as Shu Ren, Chajin, Du Zhi, using the people, crossing the river and dividing and governing, have all been integrated into the way of governing the country. What is the way to govern the country? Do your own job, do your own job, observe the changes in ancient and modern times, take obeying the people as the foundation and governing the officials as the body, then the way of the country can be reached, the way of the people can be preserved, and the upper and lower levels can be integrated, and several countries can be ruled.
As for Ren Xian, his methods of inspiring and observing people are divided into three parts: discussing people, loving, knowing people, listening, listening and observing saints. For example, there is a saying in "tea fairy": "Mi Zi governs a single father, plays the piano, can't leave work, and is governed by a single father. During the Wuma period, stars came out and went in, kissing each other with their bodies day and night, and single fathers ruled. Wu Ma asked him why he died in Mizi. Mizi said, "I call it being a man, and my son is a man." Capable people work hard and let others escape. "Playing the piano is also a rule, and the stars are out of the rules. How can it be? So, virtuous and capable people don't want it?
Then there are "going to the countryside", "being cautious about independence" and "being rewarded", all of which are convincing people with reason, convincing people with reason and governing the country with reason. Their remarks were clear about the actual affairs at that time and in line with the times.
Therefore, when reading Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, we should be concise and to the point. Taminosuke: its purpose, its method, its achievement, its words, its essence, its use and its use. There is no exaggeration, but pragmatism is the most important thing. This is a country and a "strange commodity living in it" because its benefits outweigh its words. Moreover, it is very strange to show it to the world. Hanging on the gate of Xianyang, adding and subtracting a word of money and covering it with material is pragmatic in theory, so I am confident.
No, businessman Wei, right? Guo Xiang?
As one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, China has a fine moral tradition for thousands of years. Honesty is a wonderful flower in these fine traditions.
The so-called honesty is the "faith" in the "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith" mentioned by Confucius in ancient China. An idiom is used to describe it, that is, "A word spoken by a gentleman cannot be recalled."
Open "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", and the profound culture and civilization of the Chinese nation will suddenly appear before your eyes. The most memorable one is Lu's Summer Season.
Qi attacked Lu and demanded Cending from Lu. Lu Jun asked his men to send another tripod to the King of Qi. The king of Qi did not believe it and said, "If Liu thinks this is Cending, I will accept it." . Lu Jun asked Liu for help, and Liu replied, "You promised to give the tripod to the King of Qi for the sake of the country. I also have a country here, and this is reputation. I can't destroy my country to save you. " Under Liu's persuasion, Lu Jun gave the tripod to Qi.
Liu's honesty not only saved his reputation, but also safeguarded the interests of the country. As an ordinary subject, why can you calmly refuse the monarch's request and gain the trust of the enemy monarch? This is the power of honesty. An honest man is a piece of white jade, spotless, pure and flawless, just like a lotus flower in water, which emerges from mud without being stained, clear without being demon. An honest person keeps his behavior open and his soul pure at all times.
For Ceng Zi, honesty is like a lofty fortress, which will never collapse, shine at any time and be admired.
What can honesty bring us? You don't have to worry about the integrity of the business, the safety of food and the fairness of the price; Hotels are honest, and the word "gutter oil" may disappear; Taxi drivers are honest. If he shows you around the destination in a strange place, it shouldn't happen. ...
Honesty makes people's feelings more harmonious, our work more efficient, everyone's soul purer and the world better. ...
There is no doubt that honesty is a fine tradition of our Chinese nation. Five thousand years of history did not make her perish, but made her richer. As the glory of mankind, it is our mission to carry forward her.
I have read many books this semester, and I feel that every book contains endless secrets. However, what I want to say most is Lu Chunqiu, which I spent nearly a month reading. In my opinion, this is really a good book. I think it is not only a history book, but also a book of advice. Advise the monarch, admonish the official, admonish the people, and even I think the role of this book can be admonished by people in this world.
There are many reasons in the book, which can be roughly divided into four aspects: cherishing life, being a gentleman, serving Wang Zhidao and how to fight. Of course, this is just my own summary, which may not be so accurate. But these four aspects can lead to many details. Every aspect contains a hundred schools of thought, and the views of various schools are illustrated by examples. When I read it, I thought it was a really calming book.
I think we should cherish life and do it for Wang Zhidao! Cherish life, which is different from what you think now. At that time, it was about how to keep in good health. Health preservation is not to enrich taste buds with food and brocade; Make the appearance gorgeous; Satisfy your heart. It's about following your body and giving it what it needs. Don't follow your own desires to make your body tired. This is different from people now. The so-called enjoyment now is nothing more than doing nothing and eating and drinking well. You have to make yourself rich and sick. But what about the ancients? The book says. Gentlemen are not delicacies or silks and satins, but knowing these is not good for your health. Nature cannot be called cherishing life. So many people prefer to eat whole grains. Wear linen.
Therefore, an unpretentious life is a wealth of life.
For Wang Zhidao, it is also necessary to conform to the people's feelings, the four seasons and the corporal's ceremony. In my opinion, Adapting to the Four Seasons has a lot of Lao Tzu's thoughts. Lv Buwei also see very thoroughly! Many emperors just don't adapt to the changes of the four seasons, and when they have great power, they change places. Similar to the practice of "letting it snow in summer and sunny in winter", it will lead to people's suffering and untold pain. Not to mention the other two items.
When I was reading Lv Chunqiu, I found that several classical Chinese writings in junior middle school also involved Lv Chunqiu, but some things were useless. It is not the essence of all, but it is a good book.
After reading the Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu, I bought an ancient masterpiece "Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu" during the holiday, which was quite touching after reading it! Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, written at the end of the Warring States Period, is an ancient encyclopedia-style masterpiece edited by Premier Qin, with eight readings, six theories, twelve issues and more than 200,000 words. Lv Buwei himself thinks that it includes the facts of the universe through the ages, so it is called "Lu Chunqiu", also called "Lu Lan". There is a good story about this book: In order to improve this book, Lv Buwei had it copied neatly and hung it at the gate of Xianyang, claiming that anyone who could change the words would give it to his daughter. After the news spread, people swarmed, including tourists and guests from vassal countries, but no one could change the words in the book.
The twelve issues of Lu Chunqiu are the gist and important part of the book, which are divided into spring, summer, autumn and winter. 5 articles per issue, ***60 articles. Ji Chun mainly discusses the way of keeping in good health, The Last Month Of Summer discusses teaching principles and music theory, Qiu Ji mainly discusses military issues, and Donjui mainly discusses people's quality.
There are some well-known fables, such as "leading a baby into the river", which tell people: First, the acquisition of skills depends on oneself, not innate inheritance. Second, we should proceed from reality, with different objects and different methods. Carving a boat for a sword tells people that the situation has changed and the way to solve the problem should be flexible. Similarly, Watch and Help tells people to deal with problems from reality. When the situation changes, people's ideas will change, and the methods of solving problems will be flexible. The most famous is "going to a private school", which tells us that only by going to a private school can we recommend talents correctly; From the practical consideration of the recommended object, be as selfless as possible. After reading the whole book, I feel that the biggest feature of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is to unify different ideas in order to be "different, stupid and clumsy, and do their best, like a hole."
The process of unification is actually the process of critical absorption. Therefore, Lu Chunqiu reformed, developed and sublated all his thoughts. No wonder Sima Qian called it "everything is ready in the world"! Up to today, it has high reference value in theory and historical materials, with materialistic factors and educational significance, and is worth reading.